The document summarizes research on the fuelwood economy and potential for short-rotation coppice agroforestry in Papua New Guinea. Key findings from fuelwood surveys across urban and rural areas are presented, showing high reliance on fuelwood. Field trials evaluated fast-growing tree species for fuelwood production and charcoal making. Participatory methods helped establish charcoal producer groups. The research found potential for small businesses and improved livelihoods through sustainable production and sale of fuelwood and charcoal.
The document summarizes a project by Sampurna Gram Vikas Kendra to revive traditional water management systems called Ahar-Pyne in Angra village of Palamu district, Jharkhand. The project aims to renovate Ahars and Pynes to irrigate over 150 acres of land and promote improved agricultural practices to ensure food security and livelihoods for local tribes. Activities included forming water user groups, providing training, renovating irrigation structures, expanding cultivated area, and introducing crops like fish farming. The project benefits over 200 households and has irrigated over 166 acres since 2010, though difficulties with local groups caused some delays.
The document provides a business plan outline for Micro Energy Solutions, which aims to provide renewable energy solutions in Pakistan. The plan discusses introducing biogas plants, solar energy systems, and AC to DC conversion products to address Pakistan's energy crisis. It covers the company's vision, products, marketing strategy, competitors, and initial financial projections. The plan estimates becoming profitable with a 15% net income ratio within the first year of operations.
The document summarizes the progress of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) program in Tehri Garhwal, India between 2006-2012. [1] It shows increasing adoption rates among farmers, with over 4,700 farmers and 341 hectares in 2010. [2] Key benefits for farmers included higher yields, less water and seed needed, and reduced costs. [3] The organization's future plans were to train 7,000 farmers in SRI and 2,000 in the System of Wheat Intensification by expanding to additional blocks in Tehri Garhwal district.
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu overview eup bihar dr malikCSISA
The document provides an overview of activities in the Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh hubs (EUPH) of the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) project. It discusses crop production systems, hub domains, partnerships between organizations, challenges faced, and opportunities for improving yields and incomes. Priority interventions are identified for rice, wheat, and cropping systems that target higher productivity, water savings, profits, and sustainability through techniques like laser land leveling, direct seeded and hybrid rice, zero tillage, and intensification through triple cropping and intercropping.
Bee'ah was established in 2007 as a public private partnership company in Sharjah, UAE with the goal of achieving zero-waste to landfill by 2015. To achieve this, Bee'ah provides infrastructure for waste collection and sorting, operates recycling facilities, and conducts education programs to facilitate source segregation. Bee'ah's integrated waste management operations include collection, sorting, recycling over 20 material types, composting, liquid waste processing, and e-waste dismantling.
Organic fertilizer plant business proposalSumitRoy122
This ppt describes business proposal for setting up an organic fertilizer plant. This covers WWATTA, Economic feasibility, Technical feasibility, social feasibility, operational feasibility and schedule feasibility for setting up plant. Presented by Sumit Roy as part of assessment component of Project management of PGADM 2018-19 batch of SIMS, Pune
This document discusses the advantages of clay pipe irrigation over surface irrigation methods. Clay pipe irrigation increases crop yields by 34-83%, allows double cropping, and provides a 3x return on investment. It is more efficient than surface irrigation, saving 40% of water which can be used for other purposes. Clay pipes are environmentally friendly as the scraps can be recycled and clay does not degrade into toxic chemicals. The document then outlines TerraMizu's approach to setting up a sustainable clay pipe irrigation system. They will train local potters and technicians to produce, install and repair clay pipes to improve irrigation and incomes for small farmers while creating jobs.
The document summarizes a project by Sampurna Gram Vikas Kendra to revive traditional water management systems called Ahar-Pyne in Angra village of Palamu district, Jharkhand. The project aims to renovate Ahars and Pynes to irrigate over 150 acres of land and promote improved agricultural practices to ensure food security and livelihoods for local tribes. Activities included forming water user groups, providing training, renovating irrigation structures, expanding cultivated area, and introducing crops like fish farming. The project benefits over 200 households and has irrigated over 166 acres since 2010, though difficulties with local groups caused some delays.
The document provides a business plan outline for Micro Energy Solutions, which aims to provide renewable energy solutions in Pakistan. The plan discusses introducing biogas plants, solar energy systems, and AC to DC conversion products to address Pakistan's energy crisis. It covers the company's vision, products, marketing strategy, competitors, and initial financial projections. The plan estimates becoming profitable with a 15% net income ratio within the first year of operations.
The document summarizes the progress of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) program in Tehri Garhwal, India between 2006-2012. [1] It shows increasing adoption rates among farmers, with over 4,700 farmers and 341 hectares in 2010. [2] Key benefits for farmers included higher yields, less water and seed needed, and reduced costs. [3] The organization's future plans were to train 7,000 farmers in SRI and 2,000 in the System of Wheat Intensification by expanding to additional blocks in Tehri Garhwal district.
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu overview eup bihar dr malikCSISA
The document provides an overview of activities in the Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh hubs (EUPH) of the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) project. It discusses crop production systems, hub domains, partnerships between organizations, challenges faced, and opportunities for improving yields and incomes. Priority interventions are identified for rice, wheat, and cropping systems that target higher productivity, water savings, profits, and sustainability through techniques like laser land leveling, direct seeded and hybrid rice, zero tillage, and intensification through triple cropping and intercropping.
Bee'ah was established in 2007 as a public private partnership company in Sharjah, UAE with the goal of achieving zero-waste to landfill by 2015. To achieve this, Bee'ah provides infrastructure for waste collection and sorting, operates recycling facilities, and conducts education programs to facilitate source segregation. Bee'ah's integrated waste management operations include collection, sorting, recycling over 20 material types, composting, liquid waste processing, and e-waste dismantling.
Organic fertilizer plant business proposalSumitRoy122
This ppt describes business proposal for setting up an organic fertilizer plant. This covers WWATTA, Economic feasibility, Technical feasibility, social feasibility, operational feasibility and schedule feasibility for setting up plant. Presented by Sumit Roy as part of assessment component of Project management of PGADM 2018-19 batch of SIMS, Pune
This document discusses the advantages of clay pipe irrigation over surface irrigation methods. Clay pipe irrigation increases crop yields by 34-83%, allows double cropping, and provides a 3x return on investment. It is more efficient than surface irrigation, saving 40% of water which can be used for other purposes. Clay pipes are environmentally friendly as the scraps can be recycled and clay does not degrade into toxic chemicals. The document then outlines TerraMizu's approach to setting up a sustainable clay pipe irrigation system. They will train local potters and technicians to produce, install and repair clay pipes to improve irrigation and incomes for small farmers while creating jobs.
2012 Reflections and 2013 Outlook: Accountability for Performance through Par...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document provides reflections on 2012 and an outlook for 2013 for the CGIAR Consortium. In 2012, funding for the CGIAR sharply increased to over $900 million in allocations and $850 million in expenditures. The complete portfolio of CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) was approved. Governance became a top priority. Looking to 2013, priorities include setting performance targets and accountability through partnerships, as well as a governance review. The document outlines remaining reform priorities and the Strategy and Results Framework action plan to guide priority setting and performance management.
The document discusses power dynamics between private actors and independent shade-grown coffee certification. It explores how private actors can influence certification to mainly benefit themselves, such as by obtaining benefits from certified coffee while making minimal changes on farms. This can lead to lowest common denominator standards and a race to the bottom with reduced environmental protections. For certification to truly transform markets, it requires stringent shade requirements, incentives for lower yields, and structural changes to value chains and markets rather than allowing capture that maintains the status quo.
Climate change and water security: Impacting decision-making processes on wat...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document outlines a PhD research project on water management decision making in the Equatorial Nile Basin context of climate change and water security. It introduces the research topic and interest, provides an outline of the theoretical concepts that will guide the study, and presents some preliminary empirical results from interviews with experts in the region. These preliminary results indicate a gap between climate change experts and water managers, and that while climate change is discussed, the links to its impacts are unclear, posing a challenge for successful adaptation.
The document summarizes a study comparing decentralization and forest restoration governance in upland communities in Southwest China. It finds that China's Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), the world's largest forest restoration effort, has varied outcomes depending on local institutions. Strong, democratic local institutions that empower communities lead to more successful environmental and social outcomes for the SLCP, while weakened local governance undermines the program's effectiveness. Reform is needed to better incorporate local dynamics into policy implementation.
This document summarizes a presentation on gender and climate change discourses in policy and research. It notes that while gender is gaining attention in climate change policies due to adaptation and vulnerability, the premises for integrating gender are based on weak evidence. It also critiques recent research on gender and agroforestry that tabulates gender-disaggregated data but lacks careful gender analysis. The presentation proposes using feminist political ecology as a conceptual framework and discourse analysis to better understand power relationships around environmental narratives and their social impacts. It highlights issues with simplistic gender stereotypes and instrumental uses of gender in policy that may weaken credibility and reproduce inequalities.
1) Trees on private land make up a significant portion of the growing stock in India, accounting for 25% in total. However, regulations make harvesting and selling wood from private lands difficult.
2) Regulations vary significantly between states. Forest-rich states like Madhya Pradesh have more regulations due to concerns over poaching, while forest-poor states like Haryana have less regulation.
3) Implementing regulations fully would require numerous verification steps, creating a large regulatory burden for both landowners and regulators. Simplifying and streamlining regulations could reduce these burdens while still maintaining environmental protections.
This document describes the Riley Encased Methodology (REM), a novel technique for mangrove reforestation and agroforestry. REM uses encasement devices to isolate and protect mangrove seedlings during adaptation to coastal conditions. This facilitates higher survival rates compared to conventional reforestation. REM has been used successfully for shoreline stabilization, habitat restoration, soil conservation, and sustainable development projects providing livelihoods. It is proposed as a model for mangrove agroforestry that can supply feedstock for advanced biofuel technologies while improving coastal resilience.
The document summarizes the Smallholder Farmer Innovation Programme in South Africa, which aims to optimize conservation agriculture systems for non-commercial and semi-commercial smallholders from 2013-2015. It provides an overview of the methodology, equipment, soil recommendations, monitoring and evaluation, partnerships, and the scaling model used. Key points include: the programme worked with over 200 smallholder farmers across several villages in 2013-2015; it used a "farmer level experimentation" approach to test different planting and crop options; soil health was monitored using tests like Solvita and Haney; and visual indicators were used for local monitoring of conservation agriculture practices.
This document discusses the linkages between e-waste, conflict minerals, and green supply chains in the electronics industry. It notes that conflict minerals from places like the Democratic Republic of Congo help fund armed conflicts, and that e-waste is a major and growing problem as electronics are not recycled properly. The document proposes that improving e-waste recycling can help reduce demand for conflict minerals by recovering minerals from disposed electronics. It outlines challenges across the e-waste and conflict mineral issues and proposes steps stakeholders like producers, recyclers, and governments can take to build a more sustainable electronics supply chain.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions attributable to smallholder livestock sy...ILRI
Presented by P.W. Ndung’u, T. Takahashi, C.J.L. du Toit, M. Robertson-Dean, K. Butterbach-Bahl, G. McAuliffe, L. Merbold and J.P. Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Understanding the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: the commod...IIED
A presentation by A Z Sangeda, D D Maleko and G C Kajembe, of Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania,
at a workshop held in Paris from Thursday, 3 December to Friday, 4 December during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21).
The event organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development aimed to share the findings of its research to inform a wider debate on how REDD+ is contributing to addressing the drivers of land use and land use change.
More details: http://www.iied.org/redd-paris-what-could-be-it-for-people-forests
This document contains information about various elections that took place in 2014 and 2015 in Preston, England, the United Kingdom, Europe, and their results. It also provides background information on Preston, including its history as a cotton town, current industries, demographics, and voting trends. Habitats and green spaces around Preston are described, as well as the city's local nature reserves.
Improving the quantification of agricultural emissions in low-income countries. WATCH LIVE on WEDNESDAY 4 DECEMBER 14:30 CET: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/videostream
User Experience Observations with Improved Flame - Based Cookstoves Among a S...lenses
1) The document describes research conducted on user experiences with improved cookstoves among households in South Africa of different socioeconomic levels.
2) Interviews and observations were conducted on existing cookstove use and demonstrations of improved stove options. Findings showed fuel stacking with electricity, paraffin, and biomass was common.
3) Improved stoves using LPG and electricity were generally preferred for their ease of use. Rural households in LSM1 still relied on open fires while urban LSM4 households did not strongly prefer any improved stove.
This document presents a project on co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and biomass in Srinagar, India. The project aims to address the large amounts of municipal waste produced daily in Srinagar, as well as weed waste from Dal Lake and walnut shell waste. Co-pyrolysis is proposed as a method to simultaneously generate clean energy and reduce waste through the thermal conversion of municipal waste and biomass. The project layout involves characterizing the individual waste streams, analyzing products from individual and co-pyrolysis, and developing an economic model and waste management proposal for Srinagar city.
On 9/10 March, MCRB hosted a multistakeholder discussion on licensing and responsible business practices for gold mining in Sagaing Region bringing together government officials from the Mining, Forestry and Environmental Conservation Departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), General Administration Department (GAD), the Directorate of Investment and Companies Administration (DICA) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI), together with parliamentarians from across Sagaing Region, including Homalin, Tigyaing , Kawlin, Wuntho, Indaw, and Pinlebu townships. They were joined in Monywa by local and international mining companies, civil society organisations and international NGOs and experts.
Read more: https://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/towards-responsible-gold-mining-sagaing-region.html
Martin stainesvasse open day talk 15sep2010 verion3VasseSep2010
The Greener Pastures project aimed to help farmers increase profits through better pasture management and responsible nitrogen use. Research was conducted 2005-2010 at farms and research stations. Key findings were that grazing pastures at 3 leaves instead of 2 leaves increased annual pasture utilization by 20% and that nitrogen fertilizer alone does not increase pasture growth - maintaining the proper grazing rotation is also important to get the full benefits from fertilizer. The results suggest focusing on grazing management and fine-tuning nitrogen guidelines to increase farm sustainability and profits.
Dr. Newell Kitchen - Tools For Managing NitrogenJohn Blue
Tools For Managing Nitrogen - Dr. Newell Kitchen, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
Sustainable Solution For Solid Waste Management : A Survey And A Case Study O...IRJET Journal
This document discusses sustainable solutions for solid waste management through a case study of Kundam Village in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It begins with an introduction to the increasing solid waste problem due to population growth and changes in lifestyle. It then provides details of a survey conducted in Kundam Village to assess residents' awareness, practices, and attitudes regarding solid waste management. The findings indicate the public perception of solid waste is unsatisfactory. The document also discusses different methods of solid waste treatment and disposal, including open dumping, landfilling, and sanitary landfilling. It proposes innovative waste management models like the Vellore Model that uses animals to convert waste into usable resources like fertilizer in a sustainable way.
The Nebraska Community Blood Bank has adopted an official recycling policy to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. As part of this policy, employees receive orientation on the company's recycling program which covers what items can be recycled, such as aluminum cans, cardboard, paper, plastics, batteries, and more. Employees are encouraged to properly dispose of recyclables and suggest additional items that could be recycled. In 2008, the blood bank's recycling efforts diverted over 17,000 pounds of cardboard and 6,000 pounds of mixed paper from landfills. The recycling committee thanks employees for their participation and looks to increase awareness and involvement to improve recycling numbers in 2009.
2012 Reflections and 2013 Outlook: Accountability for Performance through Par...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document provides reflections on 2012 and an outlook for 2013 for the CGIAR Consortium. In 2012, funding for the CGIAR sharply increased to over $900 million in allocations and $850 million in expenditures. The complete portfolio of CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) was approved. Governance became a top priority. Looking to 2013, priorities include setting performance targets and accountability through partnerships, as well as a governance review. The document outlines remaining reform priorities and the Strategy and Results Framework action plan to guide priority setting and performance management.
The document discusses power dynamics between private actors and independent shade-grown coffee certification. It explores how private actors can influence certification to mainly benefit themselves, such as by obtaining benefits from certified coffee while making minimal changes on farms. This can lead to lowest common denominator standards and a race to the bottom with reduced environmental protections. For certification to truly transform markets, it requires stringent shade requirements, incentives for lower yields, and structural changes to value chains and markets rather than allowing capture that maintains the status quo.
Climate change and water security: Impacting decision-making processes on wat...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document outlines a PhD research project on water management decision making in the Equatorial Nile Basin context of climate change and water security. It introduces the research topic and interest, provides an outline of the theoretical concepts that will guide the study, and presents some preliminary empirical results from interviews with experts in the region. These preliminary results indicate a gap between climate change experts and water managers, and that while climate change is discussed, the links to its impacts are unclear, posing a challenge for successful adaptation.
The document summarizes a study comparing decentralization and forest restoration governance in upland communities in Southwest China. It finds that China's Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), the world's largest forest restoration effort, has varied outcomes depending on local institutions. Strong, democratic local institutions that empower communities lead to more successful environmental and social outcomes for the SLCP, while weakened local governance undermines the program's effectiveness. Reform is needed to better incorporate local dynamics into policy implementation.
This document summarizes a presentation on gender and climate change discourses in policy and research. It notes that while gender is gaining attention in climate change policies due to adaptation and vulnerability, the premises for integrating gender are based on weak evidence. It also critiques recent research on gender and agroforestry that tabulates gender-disaggregated data but lacks careful gender analysis. The presentation proposes using feminist political ecology as a conceptual framework and discourse analysis to better understand power relationships around environmental narratives and their social impacts. It highlights issues with simplistic gender stereotypes and instrumental uses of gender in policy that may weaken credibility and reproduce inequalities.
1) Trees on private land make up a significant portion of the growing stock in India, accounting for 25% in total. However, regulations make harvesting and selling wood from private lands difficult.
2) Regulations vary significantly between states. Forest-rich states like Madhya Pradesh have more regulations due to concerns over poaching, while forest-poor states like Haryana have less regulation.
3) Implementing regulations fully would require numerous verification steps, creating a large regulatory burden for both landowners and regulators. Simplifying and streamlining regulations could reduce these burdens while still maintaining environmental protections.
This document describes the Riley Encased Methodology (REM), a novel technique for mangrove reforestation and agroforestry. REM uses encasement devices to isolate and protect mangrove seedlings during adaptation to coastal conditions. This facilitates higher survival rates compared to conventional reforestation. REM has been used successfully for shoreline stabilization, habitat restoration, soil conservation, and sustainable development projects providing livelihoods. It is proposed as a model for mangrove agroforestry that can supply feedstock for advanced biofuel technologies while improving coastal resilience.
The document summarizes the Smallholder Farmer Innovation Programme in South Africa, which aims to optimize conservation agriculture systems for non-commercial and semi-commercial smallholders from 2013-2015. It provides an overview of the methodology, equipment, soil recommendations, monitoring and evaluation, partnerships, and the scaling model used. Key points include: the programme worked with over 200 smallholder farmers across several villages in 2013-2015; it used a "farmer level experimentation" approach to test different planting and crop options; soil health was monitored using tests like Solvita and Haney; and visual indicators were used for local monitoring of conservation agriculture practices.
This document discusses the linkages between e-waste, conflict minerals, and green supply chains in the electronics industry. It notes that conflict minerals from places like the Democratic Republic of Congo help fund armed conflicts, and that e-waste is a major and growing problem as electronics are not recycled properly. The document proposes that improving e-waste recycling can help reduce demand for conflict minerals by recovering minerals from disposed electronics. It outlines challenges across the e-waste and conflict mineral issues and proposes steps stakeholders like producers, recyclers, and governments can take to build a more sustainable electronics supply chain.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions attributable to smallholder livestock sy...ILRI
Presented by P.W. Ndung’u, T. Takahashi, C.J.L. du Toit, M. Robertson-Dean, K. Butterbach-Bahl, G. McAuliffe, L. Merbold and J.P. Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Understanding the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: the commod...IIED
A presentation by A Z Sangeda, D D Maleko and G C Kajembe, of Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania,
at a workshop held in Paris from Thursday, 3 December to Friday, 4 December during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21).
The event organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development aimed to share the findings of its research to inform a wider debate on how REDD+ is contributing to addressing the drivers of land use and land use change.
More details: http://www.iied.org/redd-paris-what-could-be-it-for-people-forests
This document contains information about various elections that took place in 2014 and 2015 in Preston, England, the United Kingdom, Europe, and their results. It also provides background information on Preston, including its history as a cotton town, current industries, demographics, and voting trends. Habitats and green spaces around Preston are described, as well as the city's local nature reserves.
Improving the quantification of agricultural emissions in low-income countries. WATCH LIVE on WEDNESDAY 4 DECEMBER 14:30 CET: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/videostream
User Experience Observations with Improved Flame - Based Cookstoves Among a S...lenses
1) The document describes research conducted on user experiences with improved cookstoves among households in South Africa of different socioeconomic levels.
2) Interviews and observations were conducted on existing cookstove use and demonstrations of improved stove options. Findings showed fuel stacking with electricity, paraffin, and biomass was common.
3) Improved stoves using LPG and electricity were generally preferred for their ease of use. Rural households in LSM1 still relied on open fires while urban LSM4 households did not strongly prefer any improved stove.
This document presents a project on co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and biomass in Srinagar, India. The project aims to address the large amounts of municipal waste produced daily in Srinagar, as well as weed waste from Dal Lake and walnut shell waste. Co-pyrolysis is proposed as a method to simultaneously generate clean energy and reduce waste through the thermal conversion of municipal waste and biomass. The project layout involves characterizing the individual waste streams, analyzing products from individual and co-pyrolysis, and developing an economic model and waste management proposal for Srinagar city.
On 9/10 March, MCRB hosted a multistakeholder discussion on licensing and responsible business practices for gold mining in Sagaing Region bringing together government officials from the Mining, Forestry and Environmental Conservation Departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), General Administration Department (GAD), the Directorate of Investment and Companies Administration (DICA) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MoALI), together with parliamentarians from across Sagaing Region, including Homalin, Tigyaing , Kawlin, Wuntho, Indaw, and Pinlebu townships. They were joined in Monywa by local and international mining companies, civil society organisations and international NGOs and experts.
Read more: https://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/towards-responsible-gold-mining-sagaing-region.html
Martin stainesvasse open day talk 15sep2010 verion3VasseSep2010
The Greener Pastures project aimed to help farmers increase profits through better pasture management and responsible nitrogen use. Research was conducted 2005-2010 at farms and research stations. Key findings were that grazing pastures at 3 leaves instead of 2 leaves increased annual pasture utilization by 20% and that nitrogen fertilizer alone does not increase pasture growth - maintaining the proper grazing rotation is also important to get the full benefits from fertilizer. The results suggest focusing on grazing management and fine-tuning nitrogen guidelines to increase farm sustainability and profits.
Dr. Newell Kitchen - Tools For Managing NitrogenJohn Blue
Tools For Managing Nitrogen - Dr. Newell Kitchen, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
Sustainable Solution For Solid Waste Management : A Survey And A Case Study O...IRJET Journal
This document discusses sustainable solutions for solid waste management through a case study of Kundam Village in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It begins with an introduction to the increasing solid waste problem due to population growth and changes in lifestyle. It then provides details of a survey conducted in Kundam Village to assess residents' awareness, practices, and attitudes regarding solid waste management. The findings indicate the public perception of solid waste is unsatisfactory. The document also discusses different methods of solid waste treatment and disposal, including open dumping, landfilling, and sanitary landfilling. It proposes innovative waste management models like the Vellore Model that uses animals to convert waste into usable resources like fertilizer in a sustainable way.
The Nebraska Community Blood Bank has adopted an official recycling policy to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. As part of this policy, employees receive orientation on the company's recycling program which covers what items can be recycled, such as aluminum cans, cardboard, paper, plastics, batteries, and more. Employees are encouraged to properly dispose of recyclables and suggest additional items that could be recycled. In 2008, the blood bank's recycling efforts diverted over 17,000 pounds of cardboard and 6,000 pounds of mixed paper from landfills. The recycling committee thanks employees for their participation and looks to increase awareness and involvement to improve recycling numbers in 2009.
Bangkok | Mar-17 | Village Level Heath via Biomass Energy AccessSmart Villages
The document discusses enhancing village-level healthcare in Myanmar through increased access to biomass energy, improved cookstoves (ICS), and information and communication technologies from the forestry sector. It outlines Myanmar's population and forest coverage statistics. The government is working to increase ICS distribution, establish village plantations, and promote the use of agricultural residues to reduce fuelwood consumption and improve health. Over 995,000 ICS have been distributed from 2011-2031, saving fuelwood and reducing smoke. The document discusses ongoing ICS research and partnerships between organizations to further these efforts.
1) The document discusses the financial viability of small-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) plants for managing manure on farms.
2) It examines scenarios for different sizes of dairy farms using AD with variables like interest rates, electricity/fuel prices, and incentives like the Renewable Heat Incentive.
3) The analysis shows positive financial returns are possible for farms with AD, but there are also conflicting policies around incentives for electricity versus waste management and crop versus manure-based AD.
This thesis examines the energy return and economics of producing pellets from steam pretreated biomass. Chapter 1 introduces the background and objectives of assessing pellet production techniques. Chapter 2 develops process models for producing pellets from forest residues, agricultural residues, and switchgrass, and determines the net energy ratio (NER) of regular and steam pretreated pellet processes. Steam pretreated pellets have a lower NER than regular pellets. Chapter 3 provides a comparative NER analysis of pellets from steam pretreated agricultural residues and switchgrass. Pellets from steam pretreated straw have the highest NER. Chapter 4 develops a techno-economic model to evaluate production costs and determines the minimum cost plant size is 190
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
This document discusses measuring biodiversity on farmland. It notes that 60% of ecosystem services have been impaired and over 20% of global agricultural land is degraded. Assessing farmland biodiversity is challenging due to high spatial variability. Protocols for landscape-scale assessment include measuring land cover, trees, birds, and modeling remote sensing data with ground calibration. Optional protocols examine linear tree features, pollinators, natural enemies, and soil organisms. A farmland biodiversity score is proposed that weighs biomass, spectral diversity, neighborhood effects, and slope/proximity to water.
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses funding gaps and principles for successful financing of nature-based solutions (NBS) such as land restoration projects in Africa. It notes that while the Bonn Challenge and New York declaration on Forests call for $350 billion and $830 billion respectively for restoration, actual funding leaves large gaps. It advocates for bridging these gaps through public-private partnerships and prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term profits. Six principles are outlined for financing NBS, including ensuring social and environmental safeguards, monitoring impacts, and directing funds toward low-carbon development in developing countries. The Regreening Africa program addresses livelihoods, biodiversity and climate change through land restoration projects across eight African nations.
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.
This document discusses the vulnerability of forest-dependent people and forests to climate change. It notes that over 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods, while 1 billion hectares of land are under agroforestry worldwide. Climate change poses direct risks like increased temperatures and wildfires, and indirect risks through impacts on species and ecosystems. Potential transition issues from policies like REDD+ could negatively impact land and tree rights of indigenous groups. The document argues that comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand all vulnerabilities, include stakeholders, and identify good practices to address risks to forests and forest-dependent communities from climate change.
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Species distribution modelling is being used to map the habitats of over 150 priority African plant species. More advanced modelling methods are being used to reduce bias, including spatial folding and thinning. Presence observations from across Africa are being used to calibrate provisional distribution models for individual species in countries like Ethiopia. The results will then be verified by botanists and combined with vegetation mapping data.
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable cocoa production in Ghana by 2020. It identifies several challenges in the cocoa sector including low productivity, rural poverty, and deforestation. It analyzes different stakeholder approaches and finds they mainly focus on increased productivity, while social and environmental issues are addressed less. Inclusive business models include many smallholder farmers but benefits are not always equitable. Responsible finance from impact investors and social lenders has potential to leverage more equitable models and landscape restoration, but investments have not been well adapted for cocoa sectors. A "multi-chain approach" is proposed to better leverage finance through a portfolio of value chains at the landscape level.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
The document discusses several projects aimed at improving agricultural outcomes through agroforestry. It describes a project in Uganda that introduced fodder shrubs to improve milk yields, which increased yields significantly. It is now scaling this approach in Kenya and Malawi through farmer cooperatives. Another project aims to better understand farmers' livelihood aspirations to customize technologies to their goals. A final project focuses on improving diets and health through diversifying crops and developing new food value chains. The document emphasizes the need for meaningful diagnosis, strong intervention design, credible evidence gathering, and efficient delivery to accelerate research impact on poverty, food insecurity, and environmental issues.
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Combining land restoration and livelihoods - examples from Niger
Session 3.4 short rotation coppice agrof - charcoal
1. Short-Rotation Coppice (SRC) agroforestry for
charcoal small business in Papua New Guinea
Ian K. Nuberg
University of Adelaide, Australia
Foundation for People and
Community Development, Inc.
HOPE worldwide (PNG) People’s Action for Rural
Development
2. Acknowledgements
Brian Gunn Russel Haines and Tony Bartlett
Jessie Abiuda-Mitir, Agnes Sumareke, Maman Tavan, and John Paul
Yati Bun, Israel Bewang, Bazakie Baput, Bonti Krasi, Fletcher Onise, Kafuri Yaro, and
Linzon Zamang
Kumani Kuman, Graham Ogle, Vanoa Geno, Titus Tobias, Tom Yale and Alex Aruai
Joseph Pumai, Randall Manapangkec and Agnes Frank
Dessy Kusbandi and Olena Kravchuk Ben Robinson, Rob Brook
Landholders participating in SRC field trials:
Patrick Barkri, Yona Mark, Manaka Bore, Barbara Elias, John Eka, Ulkamara
Womens Group, and Mt Sinai Bible College
Charcoal producer-vendor groups:
Apie Welkam Marketing Service, Eety Charcoal Enterprise, Manda Family
Group, Wampup Ragin, Yasugau Family Group, Traim Tsol, Gobadik group, Muddy
Group, and Komani Charcoal Group
3. Waghi Valley, Mount Hagen district, Western Highlands Province.
Traditionally preferred fuelwood is “Yar”, or Casuarina oligodon
All land and trees are under traditional customary ownership
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
Background
4. Fuelwood market and Garden system
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
Roadside fuelwood vendor on temporary site,
Port Moresby, National Capital District
Highland sweet-potato / pig garden systems in
a complex landscape of use and ownership
Team of fuelwood retailers on permanent site,
Mount Hagen, Western Highlands Province
Industrial sector (e.g. tea plantations) also
have high fuelwood demand
Background
5. Research methods to facilitate
agroforestry-based small business
• Quantitative and qualitative social
research methods to describe the
fuelwood economy
• Field, laboratory and consumer
trials to evaluate a range of
candidate SRC species for their
value in fuelwood and charcoal
production
• Participatory action research
methods to facilitate the
establishment charcoal producer-
vendor groups
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
6. Lae
Port Moresby
Mt Hagen
Western
Highlands
Morobe
West New Britain
East New Britain
NCD
Chimbu
Eastern
Highlands
AUSTRALIA
INDONEISA
Papua New Guinea: survey regions
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
Fuelwood Survey
7. Fuelwood survey methods
• Questionnaire survey of urban and
rural domestic users (n= 3,966) and
sellers (n=156)
• Case study monitoring of actual
daily fuelwood use over two one-
week periods (n=36)
• Semi-structured interviews of
commercial and industrial users
and institutional stakeholders
(n = 76)
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
Determining mass : price relationship of fuelwood on sale
Producing lime from coral and seashells on the Salamaua
coast, Morobe Province
Fuelwood Survey
8. Case-study monitoring of daily fuelwood use
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
AverageDailyfuelwooduse(kg/d)
Urban (dark solid) and Rural (light broken) Case Studies
Fuelwood Survey
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
9. Urban flow of collected fuelwood, district volume in thousands m3 /y, per capita consumption m3 /person/y (red)
Rural flow of collected fuelwood, volume in thousands m3 /y , per capita consumption m3 /person/y (green)
Flow of fuelwood for sale, value in millions Kina /y (blue)
Fuelwood Survey
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
10. Survey conclusions
• Fuelwood use here to stay foreseeable future
• Economy is large, informal, simple and flat with
few intermediaries between collector and seller.
• Main problems are access to fuelwood and
transport to market
• No institutional support but no regulatory barriers
or extra costs
• Great opportunity for entrepreneurs to create a
more sophisticated fuelwood supply chain that
could deliver sustainably harvested and value-
added fuelwood to consumers, especially in urban
areas and the commercial sector.
Fuelwood Survey
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
11. Field evaluation of SRC species
• 10 species at 2 spacings
in 3 replicated field sites
(highland and lowland)
• Farmer-managed
woodlots and alley-farm
systems
• Laboratory tests of
burning quality of wood
and charcoal
• Consumer preference
• Market performance
Evaluation of SRC species
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
12. Field trial results
Evaluation of SRC species
rainfall
Median fuelwood volume (m3) for closed spaced (1.5m * 1.0m) woodlot of 500m2
Error bars = Standard Error of Mean
Values adjusted to corresponding expected survival rates
Mount Hagen, Highlands site Port Moresby, Lowlands site
Commonly used local species
(but does not coppice)
Commonly used local species
67% coppice
95% coppice
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
13. What highlanders think of fast-grown firewood
We asked some landholders to cook with our fast-grown firewoods which took only 2 years to grow.
We asked them to compare these fast-grown firewoods with the slow-grown firewood they normally collect.
This is what they said for each of the 7 trees we gave them
Eucalyptus grandis
• less smoke
• better heat, long burning
• coals last the same
• easy to split and use
Eucalyptus robusta
• slightly smokier
• very good heat, long burning
• coals die quicker
• remove bark before use
Eucalyptus pellita
• smoke the same
• not as hot or long burning
• coals die quicker
• not good for starting fire
Leucaena
• smoke the same
• not as hot or long burning
• coals die quicker
• very good to start fire
Calliandra
• much less smoke
• not as hot or long burning
• coals die quicker
• very good to start fire
Local Yar
• smoke same
• heat same
• coals same
• easy to split and use
Indonesian Yar
• slightly smokier
• better heat, long burning
• coals last long
• difficult to split
Evaluation of SRC species
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
14. Comparison of estimated gross returns and return to labour
of SRC, coffee and sweet potato crops
Alternatives to SRC SRC-Firewood SRC-Poles SRC-Charcoal
Sweet potato
Coffea
arabica
E.grandis E.robusta E.robusta
E.grandis
E.robusta
Gross Return Kina/ha 7 200 4 050 7 297 6 265 2 330 5 212
Labour Inputs
persondays/h
a
350 275 170 170 150 220
Return to Labour
Kina/person/
d 21 15 43 37 16 24
US$/person/d 9.77 6.98 20.00 17.21 7.44 11.16
Comment
Competition;
difficult
transport
Ready cash,
women work,
men get money
Maybe market resistance
due to appearance
Side-line
market
(Nuberg et al, 2014)
Notes: Sweet potato and Coffee values from Table 5.20.1 in ‘Food and Agriculture in PNG’ Bourke et al
(2009) with update from Bourke pers.com. 20 Feb. 2013.
SRC Firewood and pole gross margin based on volume and pole length data of 1.5 m x 1.0 m
spacing;
Price is conservatively set at 70% of surveyed firewood prices and pole value in Mt Hagen;
SRC Labour inputs estimated as: ground preparation 60; planting 30; weeding in first year 20;
harvest and prepare for market firewood 60, poles 40, charcoal 110.
SRC Charcoal gross return and return to labour based on volumes and charcoal business plan
prepared by Manapangkec (2012)
1.00 Kina = 0.465 USD exchange rate at 2 April 2013
Evaluation of SRC species
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
15. Charcoal producer-vendor method
• Advertise for participants
• Training activities in:
– Small business planning
– Charcoal production
– Charcoal stove construction
– Nursery techniques for SRC species
• Action research
– Groups develop own business plan
and group structure
– Guidance with microcredit loans
– Monitoring and guidance of group
progress
• Promotion of charcoal concept
• Semi-Structured interviews in
community development sector to
survey existing models of collective
business engagement (n=41)
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
16. Charcoal business modelsMt Hagen ‘Lead Charcoal Producer’ Model
Lae ‘Charcoal Wantok’ Model
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
17. Conclusions
• Inter-Disciplinary approach essential for
complex problems
• Facilitation of small-business requires:
– long term commitment
– training and support across whole value-chain
– respect and adaptation for regional cultural
differences
• Need for formal recognition and support by
national and provincial governments
A UST R A LIA N C E NT R E FOR I NT E R NA T IONA L A GR ICULT UR A L RE SE A R CH U NIVE R SIT Y OF A D E LA ID E P A PUA NE W GUINE A F OR E ST RE SE A R CH I NST IT UT E
18.
19. Core quantitative dimensions of fuelwood economy as determined by
questionnaire surveys of domestic users, sellers and case study monitoring
Regions of fuelwood stress surveyed
URBAN RURAL
National Capital
District
Lae,
Morobe
Mt Hagen
Western Highlands
Lae,
Morobe
Highlands
Western & Eastern,
Chimbu
Population 254,158 78,692 27,877 40,486 150,916
Sample size 1,868 558 247 285 996
% sample using fuelwood (FW) over past 12 months 73 90 87 98 100
% FW user population buying over last 2 week 24 27 47 7 4
Average spent over 2 weeks in USD
$9.06 $10.04 $9.48 $12.83 $11.20
Gender equity index for fuelwood collection ** 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.9
Gender equity index for fuelwood purchase 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5
% FW users who have planted trees in past 2 years 44 25 54 83 96
% FW users experienced conflict over access to FW 48 40 58 51 61-88
% FW sellers with access to land to grow trees 86 39 88 39 89
Average price PGK / kg for FW on sale 0.30 0.49 1.15 0.58 0.33
Average (max) distance in km sellers source their FW 10 (25) 3 (5) 6 (30) 3 (5) 23 (40)
% domestic FW users also using FW commercially 26 58
% domestic FW users also selling fuelwood 3 10
% for whom FW more difficult to access over past 2 y 65 41
Daily household fuelwood use
Recalled data from domestic user surveys, kg/d 9.6 10.6 5.6 8.9 21.1
Daily monitoring case study households over 2 weeks
Number of households monitored 13 23
Average daily fuelwood use, kg/d
11.1 32.5
Median daily fuelwood use, kg/d 11.6 27.3
** Gender equity index = ratio of the relative proportion of instances of female activity in relation to the region sample size, to instances of male activity.
Within a region, if men and women share the load equally in collecting and buying fuelwood, i.e. a 1:1 ratio, then the index = 1.0 . If there are more instances
of men’s activity then index <1, if women more active >1. A change in 0.1 units of the index reflects a change in 10% of the regional population.
Fuelwood Survey