1. Biofuel policies aimed to promote biofuel production have unintentionally increased pressure on land use and distorted the balance between oilseed crops by favoring those with high oil content like oil palm.
2. The biofuel demand for vegetable oils independent of meal demand has tilted cultivation towards oil palm which has much higher oil yield and lower meal content than other oilseeds.
3. High palm oil prices driven by the link between vegetable oil and petroleum prices through biofuel use provide strong incentives for rapid expansion of oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia.
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
1) Fertilizer use in India has increased overall consumption from around 11.5 million tons in 1990-91 to over 41 million tons in 1999-2000, with nitrogenous fertilizers making up around 65% of total consumption.
2) Five states - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal - account for over 83% of NP/NPK fertilizer consumption in India, led by Andhra Pradesh.
3) The government's retention pricing scheme, introduced in the 1970s-80s, played a key role in facilitating growth of India's fertilizer industry and increasing consumption, through subsidies to maintain domestic production and consumption.
An Overview of Cocoa-based Agricultural Systems,Stylized Rural Transformation,Operationalizing Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence,An Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence
Markets and Policies for Improving the Food Security and Incomes of Poor Afri...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses markets and policies to improve food security and incomes for poor African farmers. It provides an overview of conceptual frameworks on markets and related policies. It examines the situation of poor African farmers within and without agricultural and other markets, including developments, opportunities and constraints they face. It discusses implications for policies and research to address food insecurity in Africa and support poor farmers through well-functioning markets.
Mike Bushell - Threats to Food Security and Food Chain Livelihoods from Weeds...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global population growth and changes in diets are increasing demand for food. Weeds, pests and diseases cause major crop losses and threaten food security. Crop protection products have helped increase yields and meet rising demand, but new issues are emerging. Integrated approaches including chemicals, cultural practices and biological controls are needed to sustainably intensify agriculture and ensure adequate, safe and nutritious food supplies.
Gary Kendall - Plugging into Electric Mobilitynoe21
http://www.managing-energy-demand.org
This seminar held on november 4 ‘09 in Bern, Switzerland, hosted international specialists in managing energy demand, mainly electric energy. Presentations concentrated on best cases in demand side management and regulation easing the way for DSM programs. The event was organised by noe21, a Geneva based NGO.
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
1) Fertilizer use in India has increased overall consumption from around 11.5 million tons in 1990-91 to over 41 million tons in 1999-2000, with nitrogenous fertilizers making up around 65% of total consumption.
2) Five states - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal - account for over 83% of NP/NPK fertilizer consumption in India, led by Andhra Pradesh.
3) The government's retention pricing scheme, introduced in the 1970s-80s, played a key role in facilitating growth of India's fertilizer industry and increasing consumption, through subsidies to maintain domestic production and consumption.
An Overview of Cocoa-based Agricultural Systems,Stylized Rural Transformation,Operationalizing Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence,An Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence
Markets and Policies for Improving the Food Security and Incomes of Poor Afri...Joachim von Braun
This document discusses markets and policies to improve food security and incomes for poor African farmers. It provides an overview of conceptual frameworks on markets and related policies. It examines the situation of poor African farmers within and without agricultural and other markets, including developments, opportunities and constraints they face. It discusses implications for policies and research to address food insecurity in Africa and support poor farmers through well-functioning markets.
Mike Bushell - Threats to Food Security and Food Chain Livelihoods from Weeds...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global population growth and changes in diets are increasing demand for food. Weeds, pests and diseases cause major crop losses and threaten food security. Crop protection products have helped increase yields and meet rising demand, but new issues are emerging. Integrated approaches including chemicals, cultural practices and biological controls are needed to sustainably intensify agriculture and ensure adequate, safe and nutritious food supplies.
Gary Kendall - Plugging into Electric Mobilitynoe21
http://www.managing-energy-demand.org
This seminar held on november 4 ‘09 in Bern, Switzerland, hosted international specialists in managing energy demand, mainly electric energy. Presentations concentrated on best cases in demand side management and regulation easing the way for DSM programs. The event was organised by noe21, a Geneva based NGO.
Engineering C4 rice involves altering rice's photosynthetic pathway from C3 to C4. This would increase rice yields by 50% and improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Converting rice to C4 photosynthesis requires changes to leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry, and fine-tuning of the pathways. The process is complex but has evolved independently over 60 times. With coordinated research over 15 years, C4 rice could be delivered to plant breeders to help feed the world's growing population.
Engineering C4 rice could significantly increase yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies. C4 photosynthesis concentrates carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells before transferring it to bundle sheath cells for carbon fixation. Replicating this two-cell C4 pathway in rice will require altering leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry and gene regulation, which may take over 15 years of research. Key challenges include developing Kranz anatomy and optimizing C4 enzymes in the right cell types through molecular engineering and breeding approaches.
The document discusses the current status of the Indian seed industry and the introduction of new hybrids containing approved gene events. It notes that the private sector now accounts for 70% of seed industry turnover in India. It argues that the current hybrid-based regulatory system for approving new hybrids containing approved events is too slow, inconsistent, and restrictive. It has resulted in far too few Bt cotton hybrids being approved to meet India's diverse agricultural needs. The document advocates changing to an event-based approval system similar to other countries, which would allow faster introduction of new hybrids based on gene equivalence to approved events.
Sorghum breeding for Improved productivity nutrition and INDUSTRIAL useRUFORUM
This document summarizes research on sorghum breeding for improved productivity, nutrition, and industrial use. Over 1,500 new sorghum and maize genotypes have been developed with traits like waxy endosperm and quality protein. A transformation protocol for sorghum was also developed. Marker-assisted selection is being used to map loci for maize streak virus resistance, with one resistance locus identified based on dominance. Modern tools like SSR analysis are assisting the breeding program. The overall goal is to develop specialized sorghum and maize technologies to increase food security and market opportunities in a sustainable way.
The document discusses the author's interest in fish in the Mekong River from a food-poverty-environment perspective and questions around fish yields, demands, threats and research gaps. It notes that fish provide important food and livelihoods but yields are unclear and may be threatened by dams and other changes, and more study is needed on trends, demands, sustainability and management opportunities.
This document discusses the use of glyphosate in Europe, specifically the UK. It provides background on glyphosate, noting its introduction in 1974 for perennial weed control and pre-harvest use in 1980. Data is presented on glyphosate's effectiveness in reducing common couch shoots. The document also discusses glyphosate residues in UK bread and impacts on wheat yield and moisture content from pre-harvest glyphosate applications.
The document discusses the company's performance and strategies over two years. In year one, the company focused on costs and cash flow while also investing in branding and innovation. It made strategic investments to support long-term growth. By year two, its net worth had increased nearly 160% and its debt-to-equity ratio improved significantly due to strong revenue growth and net income. However, its share price declined in year two due to factors like lack of response to market changes and profit declines in some regions.
This document discusses agricultural market information in Zambia. It identifies different types of farmers in Zambia, including small/medium farmers with less than 20 hectares and commercial farmers with more than 20 hectares. It also discusses the implications of differences between these farmer types. The document analyzes sources of agricultural price information in Zambia and discusses challenges in providing the right information to different stakeholders. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring information to specific farmer types and their varying needs.
1) Global agricultural prospects are good with higher average prices, increasing production, and expanding trade expected over the next decade.
2) However, rising production costs due to increasing input prices, greater market and price volatility, and constraints on water and other resources pose challenges.
3) Agricultural productivity growth, which is essential to meeting rising global food demand, is projected to slow compared to the previous decade due to these factors. Governments and policies can help address these issues through investments in innovation, sustainability, and risk management programs.
1) The document lists the work experience of Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao from 1992 to 2009 at various institutes including the National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
2) It then provides an outline for a presentation on sustainable soil fertility management and emerging issues and future challenges. The outline includes topics on potassium nutrition, nutrient deficiencies in rainfed agriculture, carbon sequestration strategies, and soil fertility management strategies from an African context.
3) Yield stagnation in grain legumes may
This presentation was given as part of the CCS Ready workshop which was held in association with the 6th Asia Clean Energy Forum (20 – 24 June, Manila)
The workshop discussed the range of measures and best practices that can be implemented to prompt the design, permitting and construction of CCS projects when designing or building a new fossil fuelled energy or industrial plant.
The workshop hosted participants of the Asian Development Banks’ Regional Technical Assistance Program who updated the group on the outcomes of their individual projects.
This presentation provides an update on the current project being undertaken under the Asian Development Bank’s Regional Technical Assistance Program which aims to conduct an analysis of the potential for CCS, culminating in a road map for a CCS demonstration project in Vietnam.
The document provides an overview of energy auditing and energy certification in Italy. It discusses European Union directives related to energy efficiency and national laws in Italy implementing the directives. It explains the process of energy auditing and outlines standard procedures, measurement approaches, and eligible project types for issuing energy efficiency certificates in Italy. Key elements of Italy's energy efficiency certificate system are described, including the types of certificates, minimum project sizes, and certificate durations.
Fish distrubution along the indian coastadityasree2
This document provides an overview of sardines and anchovies fisheries along the Indian coasts. It discusses that sardines and anchovies contribute significantly to India's total pelagic fish landings. The south-eastern and south-western coasts of India are the most productive zones. Oil sardine is the major single species fishery. The document also describes the fishery biology of sardines, including their distribution, age and growth rates, length-weight relationships, and feeding habits.
The biofuels market in Sweden has strong potential for growth among other sources in the renewable energy space. Government initiatives and the large demand for green fuel have attracted investments in the sector. The inability of domestic supply to meet demand coupled with the targets set for efficiency in the transportation sector is expected to boost the market.
The report begins with an introduction of the biofuels market in the European Union indicating the current consumption and import-export levels, biofuel usage in transportation and major developments in this industry through various policies. An overview of the bioenergy market in Sweden has been provided followed by the biofuels market. Details regarding the major biofuels used namely, ethanol, biodiesel and biogas have been proffered including data regarding total production levels and the availability of raw materials.
An analysis of drivers explains factors contributing to the huge potential based on various cost incentives, fluctuations in crude oil prices, support for green car owners, high growth in ethanol vehicles and the market being dominated by imports. The key challenges identified include resistance from the Swedish forestry industry, food vs. fuel issue and hurdles with biogas supply.
The major government programmes and investments towards the development of the industry have been discussed including the climate and energy policy, Biogas Vast project, research and development projects as well as other policies towards developing the industry.
Competition section profiles the major players in the market. The section contains a snapshot of the corporations’ financial performance and business highlights, providing an insight into the existing competitive scenario.
Agriculture & Farming: Are we farming the right way? - Jim Orson (NIAB TAG)Farming Futures
The document discusses several topics related to farming in the UK: 1) wheat yields have increased due to new technologies like herbicides and fungicides but still lag behind the US, 2) nitrogen inputs have environmental impacts through emissions like nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into water supplies, and 3) current farming systems rely heavily on nitrogen for yields but need to reduce nitrogen losses to improve sustainability.
Тезисы доклада "Клонирование интернет-магазинов. Сайты-аффилиаты"
«Один интернет-магазин хорошо, а три – лучше». Народная мудрость.
Зачем нужны 3 интернет-магазина-клона? Или «Быть или не быть?»
Как продвинуть в ТОП одинаковые сайты? Или «Впихнуть невпихуемое».
Тонкости управления тремя магазинами: автоматизация, стандартизация. Или «По щучьему велению».
Экономический эффект от клонирования интернет-магазинов. Или «Богатенький Буратино».
The document discusses different types of retailers and retail organizations. It describes three levels of service retailers can offer - self-service, limited service, and full service. It also defines different types of retailers like specialty stores, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, superstores, category killers, discount stores, off-price retailers, warehouse clubs, and others. The document also discusses retail organizations like corporate chains, voluntary chains, retailer cooperatives, and franchise organizations. It outlines retailers' marketing decisions around product/service assortment, prices, promotion, target markets, and store location.
Ankit Kumar Srivastav has over 3.9 years of experience in manual and automated testing of web, mobile, and desktop applications. He has expertise in test management tools like ALM, Jira, and TFS. Some of the projects he has worked on include e-commerce, hospitality, and automobile applications. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and several testing certifications.
Engineering C4 rice involves altering rice's photosynthetic pathway from C3 to C4. This would increase rice yields by 50% and improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Converting rice to C4 photosynthesis requires changes to leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry, and fine-tuning of the pathways. The process is complex but has evolved independently over 60 times. With coordinated research over 15 years, C4 rice could be delivered to plant breeders to help feed the world's growing population.
Engineering C4 rice could significantly increase yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies. C4 photosynthesis concentrates carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells before transferring it to bundle sheath cells for carbon fixation. Replicating this two-cell C4 pathway in rice will require altering leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry and gene regulation, which may take over 15 years of research. Key challenges include developing Kranz anatomy and optimizing C4 enzymes in the right cell types through molecular engineering and breeding approaches.
The document discusses the current status of the Indian seed industry and the introduction of new hybrids containing approved gene events. It notes that the private sector now accounts for 70% of seed industry turnover in India. It argues that the current hybrid-based regulatory system for approving new hybrids containing approved events is too slow, inconsistent, and restrictive. It has resulted in far too few Bt cotton hybrids being approved to meet India's diverse agricultural needs. The document advocates changing to an event-based approval system similar to other countries, which would allow faster introduction of new hybrids based on gene equivalence to approved events.
Sorghum breeding for Improved productivity nutrition and INDUSTRIAL useRUFORUM
This document summarizes research on sorghum breeding for improved productivity, nutrition, and industrial use. Over 1,500 new sorghum and maize genotypes have been developed with traits like waxy endosperm and quality protein. A transformation protocol for sorghum was also developed. Marker-assisted selection is being used to map loci for maize streak virus resistance, with one resistance locus identified based on dominance. Modern tools like SSR analysis are assisting the breeding program. The overall goal is to develop specialized sorghum and maize technologies to increase food security and market opportunities in a sustainable way.
The document discusses the author's interest in fish in the Mekong River from a food-poverty-environment perspective and questions around fish yields, demands, threats and research gaps. It notes that fish provide important food and livelihoods but yields are unclear and may be threatened by dams and other changes, and more study is needed on trends, demands, sustainability and management opportunities.
This document discusses the use of glyphosate in Europe, specifically the UK. It provides background on glyphosate, noting its introduction in 1974 for perennial weed control and pre-harvest use in 1980. Data is presented on glyphosate's effectiveness in reducing common couch shoots. The document also discusses glyphosate residues in UK bread and impacts on wheat yield and moisture content from pre-harvest glyphosate applications.
The document discusses the company's performance and strategies over two years. In year one, the company focused on costs and cash flow while also investing in branding and innovation. It made strategic investments to support long-term growth. By year two, its net worth had increased nearly 160% and its debt-to-equity ratio improved significantly due to strong revenue growth and net income. However, its share price declined in year two due to factors like lack of response to market changes and profit declines in some regions.
This document discusses agricultural market information in Zambia. It identifies different types of farmers in Zambia, including small/medium farmers with less than 20 hectares and commercial farmers with more than 20 hectares. It also discusses the implications of differences between these farmer types. The document analyzes sources of agricultural price information in Zambia and discusses challenges in providing the right information to different stakeholders. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring information to specific farmer types and their varying needs.
1) Global agricultural prospects are good with higher average prices, increasing production, and expanding trade expected over the next decade.
2) However, rising production costs due to increasing input prices, greater market and price volatility, and constraints on water and other resources pose challenges.
3) Agricultural productivity growth, which is essential to meeting rising global food demand, is projected to slow compared to the previous decade due to these factors. Governments and policies can help address these issues through investments in innovation, sustainability, and risk management programs.
1) The document lists the work experience of Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao from 1992 to 2009 at various institutes including the National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
2) It then provides an outline for a presentation on sustainable soil fertility management and emerging issues and future challenges. The outline includes topics on potassium nutrition, nutrient deficiencies in rainfed agriculture, carbon sequestration strategies, and soil fertility management strategies from an African context.
3) Yield stagnation in grain legumes may
This presentation was given as part of the CCS Ready workshop which was held in association with the 6th Asia Clean Energy Forum (20 – 24 June, Manila)
The workshop discussed the range of measures and best practices that can be implemented to prompt the design, permitting and construction of CCS projects when designing or building a new fossil fuelled energy or industrial plant.
The workshop hosted participants of the Asian Development Banks’ Regional Technical Assistance Program who updated the group on the outcomes of their individual projects.
This presentation provides an update on the current project being undertaken under the Asian Development Bank’s Regional Technical Assistance Program which aims to conduct an analysis of the potential for CCS, culminating in a road map for a CCS demonstration project in Vietnam.
The document provides an overview of energy auditing and energy certification in Italy. It discusses European Union directives related to energy efficiency and national laws in Italy implementing the directives. It explains the process of energy auditing and outlines standard procedures, measurement approaches, and eligible project types for issuing energy efficiency certificates in Italy. Key elements of Italy's energy efficiency certificate system are described, including the types of certificates, minimum project sizes, and certificate durations.
Fish distrubution along the indian coastadityasree2
This document provides an overview of sardines and anchovies fisheries along the Indian coasts. It discusses that sardines and anchovies contribute significantly to India's total pelagic fish landings. The south-eastern and south-western coasts of India are the most productive zones. Oil sardine is the major single species fishery. The document also describes the fishery biology of sardines, including their distribution, age and growth rates, length-weight relationships, and feeding habits.
The biofuels market in Sweden has strong potential for growth among other sources in the renewable energy space. Government initiatives and the large demand for green fuel have attracted investments in the sector. The inability of domestic supply to meet demand coupled with the targets set for efficiency in the transportation sector is expected to boost the market.
The report begins with an introduction of the biofuels market in the European Union indicating the current consumption and import-export levels, biofuel usage in transportation and major developments in this industry through various policies. An overview of the bioenergy market in Sweden has been provided followed by the biofuels market. Details regarding the major biofuels used namely, ethanol, biodiesel and biogas have been proffered including data regarding total production levels and the availability of raw materials.
An analysis of drivers explains factors contributing to the huge potential based on various cost incentives, fluctuations in crude oil prices, support for green car owners, high growth in ethanol vehicles and the market being dominated by imports. The key challenges identified include resistance from the Swedish forestry industry, food vs. fuel issue and hurdles with biogas supply.
The major government programmes and investments towards the development of the industry have been discussed including the climate and energy policy, Biogas Vast project, research and development projects as well as other policies towards developing the industry.
Competition section profiles the major players in the market. The section contains a snapshot of the corporations’ financial performance and business highlights, providing an insight into the existing competitive scenario.
Agriculture & Farming: Are we farming the right way? - Jim Orson (NIAB TAG)Farming Futures
The document discusses several topics related to farming in the UK: 1) wheat yields have increased due to new technologies like herbicides and fungicides but still lag behind the US, 2) nitrogen inputs have environmental impacts through emissions like nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into water supplies, and 3) current farming systems rely heavily on nitrogen for yields but need to reduce nitrogen losses to improve sustainability.
Тезисы доклада "Клонирование интернет-магазинов. Сайты-аффилиаты"
«Один интернет-магазин хорошо, а три – лучше». Народная мудрость.
Зачем нужны 3 интернет-магазина-клона? Или «Быть или не быть?»
Как продвинуть в ТОП одинаковые сайты? Или «Впихнуть невпихуемое».
Тонкости управления тремя магазинами: автоматизация, стандартизация. Или «По щучьему велению».
Экономический эффект от клонирования интернет-магазинов. Или «Богатенький Буратино».
The document discusses different types of retailers and retail organizations. It describes three levels of service retailers can offer - self-service, limited service, and full service. It also defines different types of retailers like specialty stores, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, superstores, category killers, discount stores, off-price retailers, warehouse clubs, and others. The document also discusses retail organizations like corporate chains, voluntary chains, retailer cooperatives, and franchise organizations. It outlines retailers' marketing decisions around product/service assortment, prices, promotion, target markets, and store location.
Ankit Kumar Srivastav has over 3.9 years of experience in manual and automated testing of web, mobile, and desktop applications. He has expertise in test management tools like ALM, Jira, and TFS. Some of the projects he has worked on include e-commerce, hospitality, and automobile applications. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and several testing certifications.
This document is a scholarship application form for the Yayasan Bursa Malaysia Scholarship Programme. It requests personal details of the applicant such as name, date of birth, citizenship, address, academic qualifications, extracurricular activities, details of any previous scholarships, intended course of study, and financial details of parents/guardians. The applicant must declare that all information provided is accurate and the form includes verification sections to be completed by an employer, headmaster, or government official to validate the applicant's information. Required supporting documents are also listed.
Thamme Gowda's Summer2016- NASA JPL InternshipThamme Gowda
The document summarizes Thamme Gowda's 2016 summer internship at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It discusses several projects Thamme worked on, including:
1. Classifying images of Mars landmarks using deep learning techniques like Inception-V3 and improving the efficiency of large image datasets.
2. Enhancing Apache Tika's image recognition capabilities and adding parameter support to Tika parsers.
3. Prototyping a new distributed crawling system called Sparkler and mavenizing the Apache Nutch build system.
4. Developing classifiers using SVMs and neural networks to identify human trafficking related web pages for DARPA's MEMEX program.
5
Este documento trata sobre el aprendizaje colaborativo mediante el uso de Google Drive. Explica que Drive es un servicio de almacenamiento en la nube que permite el trabajo interactivo. También define la interacción y el aprendizaje colaborativo. Finalmente, propone algunas actividades orientadas al desempeño de utilizar responsablemente las TIC para aprender y comunicarse, incluyendo tutoriales y prácticas compartiendo archivos en Drive.
The document provides an outline and objectives for a report on prospects and challenges of sustainable palm oil for China. The outline includes sections on China's sustainable development vision, the global and China palm oil situation, sustainable palm oil production and consumption, business case for sustainable palm oil, initiatives in China, policy recommendations, and next steps. The objectives are to provide strategic policy guidance to China on sustainable palm oil, facilitate sustainable trade policy adoption, and provide a business case for Chinese commerce.
This document outlines a proposed tourism development scheme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan for the fiscal year 2010-2011. The scheme has an allocation of 150 million Pakistani rupees and aims to promote cultural tourism activities, strengthen tourism facilities, and hold food/cultural festivals to increase domestic tourism. Key activities include weekly cultural events, district-level cultural programs, strengthening tourist information centers, and acquiring land for tourist facilities. The scheme also provides funding for celebrating events like the Shandur Polo Festival to showcase local culture and heritage.
This document discusses podcasting and how it can be incorporated into the classroom. It covers objectives like understanding what podcasts are, acquiring equipment like computers and microphones, planning podcasts with scripts, using Audacity to record audio, and publishing podcasts. Podcasts can be used to record lectures, lessons, student projects and more for students to access outside of class. Planning includes preparing equipment and having students create scripts before recording.
This document provides tips and suggestions for getting out of financial crisis. It recommends getting an assessment of your finances, paying off credit card balances in full each month, and avoiding payday loans. The tips suggest increasing income or decreasing expenses, creating a budget with your partner or an accountability partner, paying all bills on time before the month starts, and saving $1,000 for emergencies before beginning to pay off debts from smallest to largest balance using extra funds. It also provides contact information for mortgage assistance, credit counseling, and other financial help resources.
Digital literacy involves teaching and learning about technology so that learners can communicate in a digital society and quickly learn to use new technologies appropriately. While schools have made progress integrating technology, more developments still need to be utilized, such as videoconferencing and online sharing spaces, in order to fully prepare students for a world where businesses rely heavily on technology.
This document describes Chang Sun's family, school life, fun activities, and goals for grade 9. It states that Chang Sun lives with his father, mother, and brother Chang Hyeok Lee. He has attended various schools from kindergarten through current enrollment in high school at BISS. In his free time, Chang Sun enjoys sleeping, listening to music, watching movies, playing soccer and volleyball. For grade 9, his goals are to join the high school soccer team, learn physics, earn a 7 in humanities, and improve his basketball skills.
This spatial analysis created six similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, soil type, population, market access, and agricultural potential. The domains showed relatively low average travel times to markets but noted constraints to input access could still limit yields. While current average yields are below 1.75 tons/ha, the analysis found a continued high potential yield gap across the regions. It identified spatial areas that would most benefit from extrapolating targeted farming technologies from the research locations.
The document discusses opportunities for investment in China's oil sector, specifically its ports, storage facilities, and other distribution infrastructure. It provides an overview of China's massive oil market and port sector, noting China's growing demand for crude oil imports and plans to further increase oil reserves. The document also shares statistics on China's main oil ports and strategic petroleum reserves, and discusses some focus areas for investment, like the port of Zhoushan. It frames China's oil market as a major opportunity for investors but notes that a new approach engaging local stakeholders is needed.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for achieving global food security through sustainable agriculture and innovation. It notes rising food insecurity, prices, and competition for land and water. Key drivers of future demand include population and income growth while supply is constrained by land and water scarcity and climate change impacts. Strategies discussed include agricultural technology and research to boost productivity, as well as integrated soil management, irrigation improvements, and crop breeding innovations. Modeling tools can assess impacts and guide development of location-specific solutions.
The team characterized the reservoir and found an original oil in place (OOIP) of 63.31 million stock tank barrels (MMSTB). Current recovery is 41.3% of the OOIP, leaving 37.14 MMSTB remaining. The team recommends expanding injector lines to improve the ineffective waterflood and recover more of the remaining 6% of OOIP valued at $410 million.
Aquaculture and environment: Sustainability issues_Dr Padmakumar (The Kerala ...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Padmakumar, Professor and Associate Director of Research, KAU, RARS, Kumarakom made at the Kerala Environment Congress organised by the Centre for Environment and Development explains the possibilities of different fish farming practices relevant to Kerala
Exposición de Guido Vildozo Méndez, con con motivo de la Reunión Nacional de Concesionarios de ACARA, viernes 17 de Junio, Salón Ceibo del Predio Ferial “La Rural”.
Exposición Ventas globales y tendencia (con impacto al evento en Japón)
Ventas regionales (flujo de vehículos entre Brasil, Argentina y México)
Tendencias de los mercados (Brasil - Argentina) para los próximos 10 años
- PRT Growing Services Ltd. is the largest producer of container grown forest seedlings in North America, with 13 nursery sites and over 425 employees.
- The presentation discusses PRT's competitive position, contracted revenue stream, forest seedling market drivers including the housing market and export markets, and the impact of the US housing market downturn on PRT's financial performance between 2008-2011.
- Looking ahead, PRT's growth strategies include leveraging an expected housing market recovery, expanding into regional forestry markets, diversifying into non-forestry starter plants and hardwood seedlings.
This document summarizes the development of agriculture in Brazil and discusses potential impacts of climate change and policy alternatives. Key points:
1) Brazilian agriculture transformed from low production to highly productive through increased yields, new technologies, and expansion into new areas.
2) Climate change may impact crop yields and suitable land for agriculture in Brazil according to models, though effects are uncertain.
3) Brazil has implemented policies like its Agricultural and Livestock Plan to promote no-till farming, integrated systems, and degraded pasture recovery to mitigate emissions.
Presentacion Festival Agua Viva Canarias - Atun rojoSebastián Losada
Presentación realizada en el Festival AguaViva Canarias sobre el uso de mediadas espaciales para la protección del atún rojo / Presentation on the use of spatial measures for the protection of bluefin tuna at the AquaViva Canarias Festival
This presentation focuses on sharing analysis undertaken on the growth of area cleared for, or planted with industrial plantations from 1975 to 2010 across Indonesian Borneo determined by visual inspection of >182 Landsat images. It also discusses the trajectory of land cover changes before industrial plantations establishment to identify whether plantations have been established on: 1) intact forests, 2) logged forests; 3) very degraded forests; or 4) smallholder agricultural areas. Finally, the proportion of 2000-2010 deforestation (loss of old-growth natural forest cover) caused by industrial plantations and by small farmers is analyzed. The implications of these findings for the large versus small-scale debate will be discussed.
Pascal Hartmann is a German sociologist and an experienced strategy executive and theory designer. He is also the Director of the R & D Department at Logon Architecture. With an eye to the future, his work embraces the architectural heritage of the city in a sustainable fashion.
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1. A Global Challenge: Markets and
Oil Palm Expansion
Presentation to ZSL by
James Fry, LMC International, Oxford
www.LMC.co.uk
2. The dilemma created by official policies
and the law of unintended consequences
1. The widespread adoption of policies to promote
biofuels has generated a sequence of unintended
consequences, notably as regards oil palm.
2. Today, I will describe how demand for biodiesel
and ethanol has created pressure on land use,
after decades in which yield increases matched
the growth in the global demand for crops.
3. I will also demonstrate how the special nature of
biofuel demand has distorted the balance in the
oilseeds sector between different oil crops.
4. I will conclude with a some thoughts about the
implications for future policy and policy reform.
4. Global grain areas fell, while oil crop areas
(including oil palm) rose, between 1980 and
2000. The net change overall was minimal.
40 80
Cumulative area change (million hectares)
30 60
Area change (million hectares)
20 40
10 20
0 0
-10 -20
-20 -40
-30 -60
1980 1985 1990 1995
Annual grains Annual oilseeds Cumulative grains Cumulative oilseed
5. Since 2001, both grain and oilseed areas have
risen. The net increase worldwide was over 70
million hectares by 2008 (10 million ha./year).
30 120
Cumulative area change (million hectares)
20 80
Area change (million hectares)
10 40
0 0
-10 -40
-20 -80
-30 -120
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Annual grains Annual oilseeds Cumulative grains Cumulative oilseed
6. Biofuels were the main driver of this increase.
The surge in biofuel use lifted annual growth in
oilseeds and grain demand from 1.5% to 2.3%.
CAGR
350
1.5% 2.3%
300
1990s
2000s
250
Million tonnes
200
150
100
50
0
Grains & Oilseeds Food Feed Fuel
7. Vegetable oils have been particularly affected
by this change. Non-food uses now account
for over 20% of annual vegetable oil demand.
160
140
Consumption (million tonnes)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
Food Use Non-Food Use
8. Biofuels have pulled demand growth rates for
oil ahead of those for protein meal. This boosts
the reliance upon high oil-content crops.
300 150
Meal in Soymeal Equivalent (million tonnes)
250 125
Oil (Million Tonnes)
200 100
150 75
100 50
50 25
0 0
1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Meals, Soymeal Equivalent Oils
9. Among oil-bearing crops, oil palm’s oil yield/ha.
averages five times that of rapeseed, six times
that of sunflower and seven times soybean’s.
4.0
3.5
3.0
Oil yield, tonnes per hectare
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Oil Palm Rapeseed Sunflower Soybean
10. In contrast, oil palm has by far the lowest meal
content of leading oilseeds. Hence, oil palm is
the oil crop best placed for the new biofuel era.
90%
80%
70%
Meal content of crop output
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Oil Palm Rapeseed Sunflower Soybean
11. Biofuel demand has not only raised the
area under cultivation, it has also tilted the
demand within oil crops towards oil palm.
1. Biofuels are different from other forms of demand
for oilseed products, in that their consumption is
driven by policy, not by income growth.
2. Until the 1990s, oil and meal demand worldwide
used to increase at similar rates to one another as
incomes rose; therefore the world needed to
balance the growth of the different oilseed crops.
3. Biofuel demand expands without generating any
associated boost to meal demand. Thus, biofuels
have tilted the balance of world demand towards
high oil/low meal content crops, notably oil palm.
12. Since vegetable oils are close substitutes
to one another in many uses, it actually
matters little which oils go to biofuels.
1. In countries such as China and India, there is strong
evidence that the pattern of vegetable oil demand is
highly sensitive to price relativities between the oils.
2. When palm oil is at a larger discount than usual to
soybean oil, its main competitor, it very quickly
(within weeks) gains market share in food uses.
3. Biofuel policy favours rapeseed and soy oils, but the
diversion from food (2/3 of EU rapeseed oil goes to
biodiesel) leaves a hole that other oils fill. Palm oil is
well placed to fill the food gap, in view of limited sun
oil supplies, its non-GM origins and natural hardness.
13. This diagram illustrates the prompt reaction of
Indian oil importers to changes in the price
relativities between palm oil and soybean oil.
105%
100% 90%
Palm Oil % of (Palm + Soy Oil) Imports
Cif Tariff-Paid CPO/SBO Price Ratio .
95%
90% 80%
85%
80% 70%
75%
70% 60%
65%
60% 50%
55%
50% 40%
Q4 2003 Q4 2004 Q4 2005 Q4 2006 Q4 2007 Q4 2008 Q4 2009 Q4 2010
Duty-paid CPO Import Price as % of SBO CPO % of SBO+CPO Imports
15. In the first half of the 2000s, there was no link
at all evident between the prices of petroleum
and agricultural products. (Here they are indices.)
140
120
100
Index, 1999-2009 = 100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05
Palm Oil Wheat Maize Soymeal Brent Crude
16. Since 2007, a link has emerged. This link is
clearest for the two biofuel raw materials (i.e.,
maize and vegetable oils) in this diagram.
300
250
Index, 1999-2009 = 100
200
150
100
50
0
Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11
Palm Oil Wheat Maize Soymeal Brent Crude
17. Within the agricultural sector, the strongest
links that have emerged with petroleum prices
are those of vegetable oils (in a price band).
1,600
1,400
EU Prices, US$ per tonne
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11
Brent Crude Palm Oil Soy Oil Rapeseed Oil
18. Why do biofuels have this strong
impact on vegetable oil prices?
19. Biodiesel use in Germany and the US, the two
largest biodiesel users, responds to the premia
of biodiesel (and thus vegetable oil) vs. diesel.
500 300
Monthly Biodiesel Demand, '000 tonnes
460 250
Premium, US$ per tonne
420 200
380 150
340 100
300 50
260 0
220 -50
180 -100
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11
US + German Demand Average US & German Biodiesel Premium
20. Explaining how the “tail” of biofuels “wags
the dog” of vegetable oil prices.
• Food and feed demand are income-elastic. Biofuel use
is price-elastic, at least in some major markets.
• Unlike food, where you cannot stop or postpone use,
biofuel demand can be deferred until pricing improves.
• When biofuels absorb a large enough share of global
world demand for a particular crop, short run swings in
biofuel use are enough to establish a price link.
• Once a biofuel link exists for one crop, then, through
substitution in output (as farmers switch their crops)
and in demand (e.g., between feed grains, or between
different vegetable oils in food), the price link with the
petroleum sector extends to other crops.
22. Is there a feedback from current prices and
short run profitability to oil palm plantings?
• Oil palm plantations behave like producers of the other
agricultural crops.
• They respond to price signals and compare the
profitability of oil palm with alternative opportunities.
• It might be expected that the special nature of tree
crops, which take several years before their first output
appears, would mean that producers would be quite
cautious about reacting too quickly to indications of
short run profitability.
• Therefore, I present some basic data about the
feedback from prices (a proxy for short run profitability)
to plantings in both Malaysia and Indonesia.
23. In order to understand oil palm plantings, I will
start with data on Malaysian area growth. We
see how it fluctuates around a declining trend.
12%
10%
% Annual Growth
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
% Growth in Malaysian Area Trend Growth in Area
24. Real (inflation-adjusted) palm oil prices, too,
have been fluctuating around a falling trend,
declining on average by over 2% per annum.
2,500
Real 2008 US$/tonne, EU CPO price
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
25. Comparing proportional deviations from trends
of the two series, we find a very clear feedback
from prices to area expansion.
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009
Deviation of Plantings from Trend Deviation of Prices from Trend
26. Indonesian oil palm seed purchases tell a very
similar story. They respond immediately to high
CPO prices, as happened in 2008 and 2010.
250 3,000
Malaysia CPO price, Ringgit/tonne
200 2,400
Millions of germinated seeds
150 1,800
100 1,200
50 600
0 0
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Seed supply in Indonesia CPO price
27. There is very powerful evidence of a rapid
feedback from prices to oil palm plantings.
• In view of the evidence presented here, one must
conclude that (via the biofuel link), policy has ensured
that high petroleum prices are translated into high CPO
prices, and these high CPO prices are translated into a
rapid rate of expansion in oil palm areas.
• Initial data on seed sales in Indonesia in 2011 reveals
that, notwithstanding the proposed moratorium and
pressures for sustainable practices, the rate of area
expansion will be very significant this year.
• It seems clear that the carrot of high prices is proving
more powerful than the stick of sanctions in influencing
the adoption of sustainable production practices.
29. A textbook example of the application of
the law of unintended consequences
• I imagine that policy-makers never intended to create
a price link between vegetable oils and mineral oils.
• Likewise, I am fairly certain that they never gave
much thought to the implications of generating a new
demand for oils, without a parallel demand for protein
meal. They were more concerned instead to devise
new means of supporting EU and US oilseed farmers.
• However, unless dramatic changes are made in
policies, I can see no way in which to avoid further
pressure to boost output of high oil content crops, nor
to slow the expansion in oil palm areas, whether in
South East Asia, West Africa or Latin America.
30. If I could wave a magic wand, I would ….
• Halt biofuel policies that take no account whatsoever
of their consequences. I put mandates top of this list.
• Next, I would use policy to pursue the true objectives
behind renewable fuels, namely the reduction in global
warming. I favour the application of comprehensive
and tradeable carbon taxes/credits to promote energy
efficiency in homes, etc., in an even-handed way.
• I would implement direct annual payments to existing
populations to protect HCV areas to compensate them
for not clearing land. I would not pay governments.
• In terms of practicality, the first should be the simplest
to achieve and could well be the most effective.
31. • Thank You
• www.LMC.co.uk
• Acknowledgements: EIA, IMF, Jacobsen, MPOB,
• National Biodiesel Board, Oil World, OPEC, Public Ledger,
• SEA, TNS, UFOP, US Commerce Dept., USDA, World Bank