Based on Solidiance’s forecast, there could be between 2 to 4 million green cars on the roads in China by 2020, given a 5-10 % penetration rate of the Chinese Electric Vehicle Market. This China Market Intelligence whitepaper reviews the drivers and barriers to growth in the China Electrical Automotive sector and covers the issue of electrical batteries as well.
Henry Li, Export Manager de BYD Company, nos dio a conocer la historia de esta innovadora compañía China y de su fundador, Wang Chuanfu, reconocido mundialmente como el “hombre más visionario del mundo” y, según Forbes, el chino más rico del planeta. Emprendedor que comienza creando una batería y que hoy es dueño de una de las compañías más relevantes en desarrollo de energías sustentables. La innovación los ha impulsado y guiado por este camino de éxito y aciertos comerciales como los autos eléctricos BYD, la casa autosustentable y la ciudad autosustentable.
In this presentation the Analysis of BYD Automobile an Chinese Auto car-maker is done. Business Strategic recommendations are provided and a strategy for future growth is given.
Market Research Report : Electric Vehicles Market in China 2010Netscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
The electric vehicles market which includes battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles has been pegged at USD 1800 mn in 2008. Traditional players of automobile from North America are finding great opportunity in the electric vehicle market in China. Startup companies, whether domestic or foreign players, are looking to invest in the market. Vehicles are powered by lithium-ion batteries which have quite a high power-to-weight ratio and hence are considered to be the best battery for an automotive application. Government, along with domestic players, is looking for lithium-ore mines which show strong growth opportunity for EV market. Government initiatives and subsidies coupled with localization of electric vehicles and its parts manufacturers in China will drive the electric vehicle market in China.
The report begins with an introduction of electric vehicles market indicating different type of electric vehicles and its power sources. It provides information regarding the Chinese automobile market including an overview, automotive sales and share of electric vehicles in 2012 and 2030. This is following by an overview of the electric vehicles market in China and includes its market size and growth, and segmentation. It further talks about advantages and challenges behind different types of electric vehicles namely battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles.
It discusses the initiatives taken by the government, indicating the fund allocated for development of electric vehicles, governments target for the number of EV developed and subsidies for different types of vehicles.
An analysis of drivers explain factors contributing to the growth of electric vehicles market including depleting and dependency on oil reserves, development of battery manufacturers, development of charging stations, development of smart grid, first time car buyer and population advantage. The key challenges identified include high cost of electric vehicles, lack of awareness about energy efficient vehicles and performance shortcomings.
Competition section provides brief profiles of major domestic and foreign players in the market. The section contains a snapshot of their corporation, financial performance and business highlights, providing an insight into the existing competitive scenario.
emerging electric vehicle manufacturers in 2021Swiftnlift
We observed that most startups are focused on the urban commuter market. This market is dominated by large and established companies with the existing plant, team of experts, and strong dealer network. To match their investment, capability and compete with them is a formidable challenge which we wanted to avoid.
future of electric vehicles in India,state government support to electric vehicles.Government of India has plans to make a major shift to electric vehicles by 2030.A mission named 2030 electric by the government of India to accomplish it. Karnataka is the first state government to implement EV policy in India
State of the-Indian Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Market (An In-depth analy...Mirdul Amin Sarkar
Electric Vehicle(EV) is the sexiest transportation system of the 21st century. In India, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are the new talk of town not only because it helps to reduce emissions, but also they give the owner a status in society, that of one conscious of the environment, a green crusader of sorts
Henry Li, Export Manager de BYD Company, nos dio a conocer la historia de esta innovadora compañía China y de su fundador, Wang Chuanfu, reconocido mundialmente como el “hombre más visionario del mundo” y, según Forbes, el chino más rico del planeta. Emprendedor que comienza creando una batería y que hoy es dueño de una de las compañías más relevantes en desarrollo de energías sustentables. La innovación los ha impulsado y guiado por este camino de éxito y aciertos comerciales como los autos eléctricos BYD, la casa autosustentable y la ciudad autosustentable.
In this presentation the Analysis of BYD Automobile an Chinese Auto car-maker is done. Business Strategic recommendations are provided and a strategy for future growth is given.
Market Research Report : Electric Vehicles Market in China 2010Netscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
The electric vehicles market which includes battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles has been pegged at USD 1800 mn in 2008. Traditional players of automobile from North America are finding great opportunity in the electric vehicle market in China. Startup companies, whether domestic or foreign players, are looking to invest in the market. Vehicles are powered by lithium-ion batteries which have quite a high power-to-weight ratio and hence are considered to be the best battery for an automotive application. Government, along with domestic players, is looking for lithium-ore mines which show strong growth opportunity for EV market. Government initiatives and subsidies coupled with localization of electric vehicles and its parts manufacturers in China will drive the electric vehicle market in China.
The report begins with an introduction of electric vehicles market indicating different type of electric vehicles and its power sources. It provides information regarding the Chinese automobile market including an overview, automotive sales and share of electric vehicles in 2012 and 2030. This is following by an overview of the electric vehicles market in China and includes its market size and growth, and segmentation. It further talks about advantages and challenges behind different types of electric vehicles namely battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles.
It discusses the initiatives taken by the government, indicating the fund allocated for development of electric vehicles, governments target for the number of EV developed and subsidies for different types of vehicles.
An analysis of drivers explain factors contributing to the growth of electric vehicles market including depleting and dependency on oil reserves, development of battery manufacturers, development of charging stations, development of smart grid, first time car buyer and population advantage. The key challenges identified include high cost of electric vehicles, lack of awareness about energy efficient vehicles and performance shortcomings.
Competition section provides brief profiles of major domestic and foreign players in the market. The section contains a snapshot of their corporation, financial performance and business highlights, providing an insight into the existing competitive scenario.
emerging electric vehicle manufacturers in 2021Swiftnlift
We observed that most startups are focused on the urban commuter market. This market is dominated by large and established companies with the existing plant, team of experts, and strong dealer network. To match their investment, capability and compete with them is a formidable challenge which we wanted to avoid.
future of electric vehicles in India,state government support to electric vehicles.Government of India has plans to make a major shift to electric vehicles by 2030.A mission named 2030 electric by the government of India to accomplish it. Karnataka is the first state government to implement EV policy in India
State of the-Indian Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Market (An In-depth analy...Mirdul Amin Sarkar
Electric Vehicle(EV) is the sexiest transportation system of the 21st century. In India, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are the new talk of town not only because it helps to reduce emissions, but also they give the owner a status in society, that of one conscious of the environment, a green crusader of sorts
DR STEPHEN HALL, PROFESSOR SIMON SHEPHERD, DR ZIA WADUD; UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, IN COLLABORATION WITH FUTURE CITIES CATAPULT
Also see https://theconversation.com/five-reasons-why-you-might-be-driving-electric-sooner-than-you-think-71896
Sarwant Singh on Electric Vehicles: Market Opportunities and New Business Mod...MaRS Discovery District
The electric vehicle market is changing the landscape of transportation, energy and other related industries. What does this mean for your business and where are the opportunities?
Part of the MaRS Market Insight Series - moderated by MaRS cleantech advisor Jon Dogterom
More, including session video: http://www.marsdd.com/events/details.html?uuid=df2648aa-c50c-4c4b-9a61-66101151c9bd
Electric Vehicles in India: Challenges & Opportunities Nitin Sukh
Electric vehicles (EVs) are no longer science fiction. Scientific achievements in this space have led to the mainstreaming of EVs in the United States, Israel and some European countries. India isn’t far behind either with Mahindra-Reva, Hero Electric and other domestic OEMs leading the front. Durable lithium ion batteries, fast charging networks, efficient chassis design and electric drive trains are key links in the EV value chain and extensive technological progress has been made in all these areas. However, for EVs to truly lead GhG reduction in Indian Industry and have a positive impact on the country’s energy security, the integration of smart grids and renewable energy feeds into these grids are a must. In fact, without these two critical components, the introduction of EVs into the current ecosystem would be an ecological burden and lead to greater GhG emissions since energy will be derived from a predominantly coal powered and inefficient energy grid.
Therefore, this study undertaken by YES BANK and TERI-BCSD critically analyses the EV value chain, identifying hidden triple bottom line risks and highlighting innovative clean technologies and business models that mitigate those risks, thereby making the value chain more attractive from lending and investment perspectives. The paper also concludes with a sobering and pragmatic analysis of the current and projected EV scenario in India versus the internal combustion engine.
Insight into BYD`s Electric Vehicle Business Model
The growing importance of high energy efficiency and low carbon emissions has prompted worldwide governments to develop policies for EVs (electric vehicle). Since 2008, the Chinese government has made great efforts to promote EVs through policy support. As of 2013, EV sales in China reached around 14,600 units. Although the share is less than 1% of China's total vehicle sales, the figure has been on the rise. As a leading EV vendor in China, BYD has developed battery technologies and other key technologies for electric power systems. The company has targeted the enterprise market with a focus on public transport. This report analyzes BYD's EV business model, product offerings, and technological development, along with its future challenges and opportunities.
Visit Complete Report Here: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/209112
Table of Contents
1. BYD\'s Business Performance and Business Model
1.1 A Glance at China\'s EV Market
1.2 Product Specifications and Sales Performance
2. Sales Model and Distribution Channels
2.1 In Collaboration with Local Government: Shenzhen Business Model
2.2 Operation of Electric Taxis in Collaboration with Shenzhen Bus Company
2.3 Zero Vehicle Purchase Price, Zero Costs, Zero Emissions
3. Production Model
3.1 Main Production Bases in China with New Plants Underway in US
3.2 Key Component Supply Chain
4. Technology Development
4.1 Rechargeable Batteries
4.2 Charging Technology
5. Conclusion
Appendix
Glossary of Terms
List of Companies
Table 1 BYD\'s EV Sales Volume in China, 2009 - 2014
Table 2 Performance Comparison of BYD\'s EVs
Table 3 BYD\'s \"Zero Vehicle Purchase Price, Zero Costs, Zero Emissions\" Solution
Table 4 Comparison of Key Component Supply Chains of BYD, Zotye, Tesla
Table 5 Comparison of Lithium Battery Characteristics
Figure 1 New Energy Vehicle Production Volume in China, 2011 - 2013
Figure 2 New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume in China, 2011 - 2013
Figure 3 New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume in China and the United States in 2013
Figure 4 BYD\'s Cooperative Business Model in Shenzhen
Figure 5 BYD\'s China Production Sites
Figure 6 BYD\'s Bi-directional Charging and Discharging Technlogy
Download Full Report with TOC: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/sample/sample/209112
Contact US:
Office: United States
State Tower
90 State Street, Suite 700
Albany, NY 12207
United States
Toll Free: 866-997-4948
Tel: +1-518-618-1030
E: sales@marketresearchreports.biz
Blog: http://mresearchreports.blogspot.com/
Insights Success has curated a list of “The 10 Fastest Growing EVs Solution Providers, 2018,” which are excelling their provision of best-in-class EV solutions that incessantly advocate ingenuity in technological innovation and universal services.
Big data analytics of ev charging stationsMuskanRath1
Disclaimer: I have taken this from several research papers. Please let me know in case some of the portions of the article match your research. I would include the link to your research in my article.
Description:-
In recent times, the scientific community has been collecting substantial data from various experiments and analyses to extract relevant information from it. This information, primarily obtained from diverse outlets, multidimensional and unstructured in design, refers to Big Data. At present, it has played a pivotal role in areas of research like IOT which includes sub-areas like Smart Grids, Hybrid Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, etc. However, the major challenge faced by Big Data today is to handle the vast volume of data of a wide variety; possessing a high data transmission rate; produced by devices, automobiles, establishments, power grids, and many other things connected to the Internet. Of the areas related to IoT, smart grid and electric vehicles also come across the challenge of handling large and varied datasets, as they produce and consume Big Data, by producing databases for the same entity, creating copies of the same, and passing it along to the other systems. Henceforth, there is an incredible need to look at the created information to reveal data like concealed models, obscure connections, advertise patterns, and client inclinations that can empower associations (Govt. or on the other hand Private) to settle on educated choices. The study and systematic retrieval of this information is a Herculean task as performed by conventional application software for processing data. Thus, Big Data Analytics is a necessity for EVs. The current analysis paper discusses the applications of big data and its methods in harnessing the data produced from EVs, drivers, charging stations, and infrastructures. In electric vehicles, we can get data from various sources like sensors and travel records. We would then use big data techniques to analyze this data. The analyzed data is used to plan ideas and policies for positioning of charging stations, smarter charging mechanisms, addressing energy management problems, and assessing the ability of power delivery networks to accommodate additional loads. Meanwhile, we would also look at the market cost of the services provided by EVs (i.e. V2G opportunities). This paper will primarily focus on big data analytics strategies for EV Charging Stations.
A conspectus on electric vehicle in indiaParth Pandya
Alarming circumstance of global warming boost on the earth generated awareness that, time has come to quick track and catalyzes cleaner, greener urban mobility and this can be a lightning-bar towards an essential change which is as of now seeing development in electric vehicles worldwide and government strategies activating speculations by significant vehicle organizations. India is one of the significant markets for vehicle industry yet at the same time it is far from this idea. This paper discusses various aspects of electrical vehicles in record with Indian market, its issues, support, inspiration and future scope.
Technological advancement in electric vehicle has opened the door of opportunities for next level of technology. Wireless charging is one such thing. Get the latest about the field and market prospect of it.
India offers the world’s largest untapped EV market, especially in the two-wheeler segment. With several automakers rolling out EV vehicles at a rapid pace, the penetration of these vehicles has increased significantly in the past few years. As per a recent study, electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to be worth around at least ₹475 billion by 2025. The penetration of electric two-wheelers is projected to reach up to 15% by 2025 from 1% currently.
As business activities gain pace and the Indian economy rebounds its way in 2022, the auto industry is set to enter a new phase of growth, innovation and investment. However, the road to the future of EV is battling various challenges. While the government is aggressively promoting EV adoption in India, the inadequate infrastructure, lack of high performing EVs and high upfront cost is causing a major hindrance for its mass adoption.
Capital cost has always been a major factor in th
Capital cost has always been a major factor in the EV purchase decision, with 63% of consumers believing that an EV is beyond their budget. The lack of adequate charging infrastructure in our country is a huge barrier to increased EV penetration. Compared to traditional petrol stations, charging stations are harder to find, normally limited by investment costs and difficult infrastructure development enabling people to charge where they usually park, at home or at work, which presents its own challenges, such as dealing with multi-tenant buildings, grid-connection management, and charging slot availability. It is anticipated that there will be a shortage of nickel, and scaling up lithium production would be a challenge, leading to supply shortage that may cause manufacturers to use lower-quality mineral inputs, adversely affecting battery performance.
Strategy for Adoption of Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles in Urban Markets of IndiaRajesh Gusain
This paper attempts to evaluate the adoption strategy in the short to medium term to drive demand for the electric vehicle in urban transportation markets in India.
DR STEPHEN HALL, PROFESSOR SIMON SHEPHERD, DR ZIA WADUD; UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, IN COLLABORATION WITH FUTURE CITIES CATAPULT
Also see https://theconversation.com/five-reasons-why-you-might-be-driving-electric-sooner-than-you-think-71896
Sarwant Singh on Electric Vehicles: Market Opportunities and New Business Mod...MaRS Discovery District
The electric vehicle market is changing the landscape of transportation, energy and other related industries. What does this mean for your business and where are the opportunities?
Part of the MaRS Market Insight Series - moderated by MaRS cleantech advisor Jon Dogterom
More, including session video: http://www.marsdd.com/events/details.html?uuid=df2648aa-c50c-4c4b-9a61-66101151c9bd
Electric Vehicles in India: Challenges & Opportunities Nitin Sukh
Electric vehicles (EVs) are no longer science fiction. Scientific achievements in this space have led to the mainstreaming of EVs in the United States, Israel and some European countries. India isn’t far behind either with Mahindra-Reva, Hero Electric and other domestic OEMs leading the front. Durable lithium ion batteries, fast charging networks, efficient chassis design and electric drive trains are key links in the EV value chain and extensive technological progress has been made in all these areas. However, for EVs to truly lead GhG reduction in Indian Industry and have a positive impact on the country’s energy security, the integration of smart grids and renewable energy feeds into these grids are a must. In fact, without these two critical components, the introduction of EVs into the current ecosystem would be an ecological burden and lead to greater GhG emissions since energy will be derived from a predominantly coal powered and inefficient energy grid.
Therefore, this study undertaken by YES BANK and TERI-BCSD critically analyses the EV value chain, identifying hidden triple bottom line risks and highlighting innovative clean technologies and business models that mitigate those risks, thereby making the value chain more attractive from lending and investment perspectives. The paper also concludes with a sobering and pragmatic analysis of the current and projected EV scenario in India versus the internal combustion engine.
Insight into BYD`s Electric Vehicle Business Model
The growing importance of high energy efficiency and low carbon emissions has prompted worldwide governments to develop policies for EVs (electric vehicle). Since 2008, the Chinese government has made great efforts to promote EVs through policy support. As of 2013, EV sales in China reached around 14,600 units. Although the share is less than 1% of China's total vehicle sales, the figure has been on the rise. As a leading EV vendor in China, BYD has developed battery technologies and other key technologies for electric power systems. The company has targeted the enterprise market with a focus on public transport. This report analyzes BYD's EV business model, product offerings, and technological development, along with its future challenges and opportunities.
Visit Complete Report Here: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/209112
Table of Contents
1. BYD\'s Business Performance and Business Model
1.1 A Glance at China\'s EV Market
1.2 Product Specifications and Sales Performance
2. Sales Model and Distribution Channels
2.1 In Collaboration with Local Government: Shenzhen Business Model
2.2 Operation of Electric Taxis in Collaboration with Shenzhen Bus Company
2.3 Zero Vehicle Purchase Price, Zero Costs, Zero Emissions
3. Production Model
3.1 Main Production Bases in China with New Plants Underway in US
3.2 Key Component Supply Chain
4. Technology Development
4.1 Rechargeable Batteries
4.2 Charging Technology
5. Conclusion
Appendix
Glossary of Terms
List of Companies
Table 1 BYD\'s EV Sales Volume in China, 2009 - 2014
Table 2 Performance Comparison of BYD\'s EVs
Table 3 BYD\'s \"Zero Vehicle Purchase Price, Zero Costs, Zero Emissions\" Solution
Table 4 Comparison of Key Component Supply Chains of BYD, Zotye, Tesla
Table 5 Comparison of Lithium Battery Characteristics
Figure 1 New Energy Vehicle Production Volume in China, 2011 - 2013
Figure 2 New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume in China, 2011 - 2013
Figure 3 New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume in China and the United States in 2013
Figure 4 BYD\'s Cooperative Business Model in Shenzhen
Figure 5 BYD\'s China Production Sites
Figure 6 BYD\'s Bi-directional Charging and Discharging Technlogy
Download Full Report with TOC: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/sample/sample/209112
Contact US:
Office: United States
State Tower
90 State Street, Suite 700
Albany, NY 12207
United States
Toll Free: 866-997-4948
Tel: +1-518-618-1030
E: sales@marketresearchreports.biz
Blog: http://mresearchreports.blogspot.com/
Insights Success has curated a list of “The 10 Fastest Growing EVs Solution Providers, 2018,” which are excelling their provision of best-in-class EV solutions that incessantly advocate ingenuity in technological innovation and universal services.
Big data analytics of ev charging stationsMuskanRath1
Disclaimer: I have taken this from several research papers. Please let me know in case some of the portions of the article match your research. I would include the link to your research in my article.
Description:-
In recent times, the scientific community has been collecting substantial data from various experiments and analyses to extract relevant information from it. This information, primarily obtained from diverse outlets, multidimensional and unstructured in design, refers to Big Data. At present, it has played a pivotal role in areas of research like IOT which includes sub-areas like Smart Grids, Hybrid Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, etc. However, the major challenge faced by Big Data today is to handle the vast volume of data of a wide variety; possessing a high data transmission rate; produced by devices, automobiles, establishments, power grids, and many other things connected to the Internet. Of the areas related to IoT, smart grid and electric vehicles also come across the challenge of handling large and varied datasets, as they produce and consume Big Data, by producing databases for the same entity, creating copies of the same, and passing it along to the other systems. Henceforth, there is an incredible need to look at the created information to reveal data like concealed models, obscure connections, advertise patterns, and client inclinations that can empower associations (Govt. or on the other hand Private) to settle on educated choices. The study and systematic retrieval of this information is a Herculean task as performed by conventional application software for processing data. Thus, Big Data Analytics is a necessity for EVs. The current analysis paper discusses the applications of big data and its methods in harnessing the data produced from EVs, drivers, charging stations, and infrastructures. In electric vehicles, we can get data from various sources like sensors and travel records. We would then use big data techniques to analyze this data. The analyzed data is used to plan ideas and policies for positioning of charging stations, smarter charging mechanisms, addressing energy management problems, and assessing the ability of power delivery networks to accommodate additional loads. Meanwhile, we would also look at the market cost of the services provided by EVs (i.e. V2G opportunities). This paper will primarily focus on big data analytics strategies for EV Charging Stations.
A conspectus on electric vehicle in indiaParth Pandya
Alarming circumstance of global warming boost on the earth generated awareness that, time has come to quick track and catalyzes cleaner, greener urban mobility and this can be a lightning-bar towards an essential change which is as of now seeing development in electric vehicles worldwide and government strategies activating speculations by significant vehicle organizations. India is one of the significant markets for vehicle industry yet at the same time it is far from this idea. This paper discusses various aspects of electrical vehicles in record with Indian market, its issues, support, inspiration and future scope.
Technological advancement in electric vehicle has opened the door of opportunities for next level of technology. Wireless charging is one such thing. Get the latest about the field and market prospect of it.
India offers the world’s largest untapped EV market, especially in the two-wheeler segment. With several automakers rolling out EV vehicles at a rapid pace, the penetration of these vehicles has increased significantly in the past few years. As per a recent study, electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to be worth around at least ₹475 billion by 2025. The penetration of electric two-wheelers is projected to reach up to 15% by 2025 from 1% currently.
As business activities gain pace and the Indian economy rebounds its way in 2022, the auto industry is set to enter a new phase of growth, innovation and investment. However, the road to the future of EV is battling various challenges. While the government is aggressively promoting EV adoption in India, the inadequate infrastructure, lack of high performing EVs and high upfront cost is causing a major hindrance for its mass adoption.
Capital cost has always been a major factor in th
Capital cost has always been a major factor in the EV purchase decision, with 63% of consumers believing that an EV is beyond their budget. The lack of adequate charging infrastructure in our country is a huge barrier to increased EV penetration. Compared to traditional petrol stations, charging stations are harder to find, normally limited by investment costs and difficult infrastructure development enabling people to charge where they usually park, at home or at work, which presents its own challenges, such as dealing with multi-tenant buildings, grid-connection management, and charging slot availability. It is anticipated that there will be a shortage of nickel, and scaling up lithium production would be a challenge, leading to supply shortage that may cause manufacturers to use lower-quality mineral inputs, adversely affecting battery performance.
Strategy for Adoption of Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles in Urban Markets of IndiaRajesh Gusain
This paper attempts to evaluate the adoption strategy in the short to medium term to drive demand for the electric vehicle in urban transportation markets in India.
E-mobility | Part 1 - An overview on the EV landscape (English)Vertex Holdings
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are amongst the fastest growing tech sectors in the world today. Notwithstanding its backing by governments, automakers, and consumers globally, this e-mobility evolution requires a platform to support its long term growth sustainably.
While it’s still early days for the EV evolution, its significant transformational potential is especially notable. Vertex’s investments within the EV ecosystem includes SES, Innoviz Technologies and Virta. These are initial investments and more importantly an expression of our confidence in this space.
Find out more here: https://bit.ly/3how9PR
Electric vehicles in India- scope and challengesAbhishek Kumar
Importance of EVs, Market Scenario and Government of India Initiatives. EVs will play an important role in moving towards the initiation of green energy and changing the economy around the world.
Background
India, the largest market for two-wheelers and the fifth-biggest market for passenger vehicles (cars, vans, and utility vehicles), has a negligible presence of electric vehicles at this point. The government has expressed intent to push manufactures to get into mass manufacturing of electric vehicles to meet its 2030 target in its bid to reduce dependence on imported fuel and control environmental pollution.
India launched its National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP) in 2013 to ease dependence on foreign oil imports. The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020, notified by the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India seeks to enhance national energy security, mitigate adverse environmental impacts from road transport vehicles and boost domestic manufacturing capabilities for Electric Vehicles (EVs). It is envisaged that EVs are expected to play a significant role in India’s transition to a low-carbon eco-system.
Government of India has formulated a scheme, titled Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India, under the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020, to encourage the progressive induction of reliable, affordable and efficient electric and hybrid vehicles. The scheme is proposed to be implemented till 2020, wherein it is intended to support the hybrid/EVs market development and its manufacturing eco-system to achieve self-sustenance.
About EV
Electric vehicle (EV) is a mode of transport system that utilizes electricity to power their motors, instead of using conventional vehicle fuels. There are two basic types of EVs: all-electric vehicles (AEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).
Saur Energy talks to Tata Power on 'EV Market in India' Tata Power
Saur Energy talks to Tata Power on 'EV Market in India' by making India EV Ready with energy-efficient charging infrastructure. #EVChargingNetwork #TataPower #TataPowerEVCharging
I compiled this presentation recently to summarize key aspects around electric cars from a layman perspective. The study touches upon interplay between industry and state in key markets with some enhanced focus on Europe
A Study on Customer Perception of Electric Vehicle and Its Impact on Traditio...ijtsrd
India traditionally has been belligerent to any changes. But with the need to curb environmental emissions it has been identified that there is a need to switch from ICE vehicles to Electric Vehicles. This switch is eminent and a necessity in order to fight the climatic and environmental changes which is affecting all living life whether in land, water or air. It is a fact that with substantial shift in the automobile industry towards Electric Vehicles disruption in the automobile supply Chain in imminent. It is true that for those suppliers who are heavily leveraged and unable to adapt it could spell a disastrous financial troubles ahead. This study is an attempt to identify how production and supply of electric vehicles will impact the traditional supply chain in India and suggest ways and methods to incorporate the changes. An attempt has also been made in this study to identify the perception of individuals regarding Electric Vehicle. Because it is the people's choice which will lead to boon or bane for this segment of automobiles. Anuj Vishwamohan Nair "A Study on Customer Perception of Electric Vehicle and Its Impact on Traditional Supply Chain in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47516.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/47516/a-study-on-customer-perception-of-electric-vehicle-and-its-impact-on-traditional-supply-chain-in-india/anuj-vishwamohan-nair
Two-Wheelers Electric vehicles Outlook in India | Report RedSeer
It is unsurprising that the world is slowly but steadily encouraging a green planet amid heightened concern over climate change and pollution. Working along the same lines, governments all over the world are pushing the EV industry through subsidies and regulations. Further, consumers demand low-emission commuting instead of fossil fuel-driven vehicles, which endangers our planet.
This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Electric Vehicles in Thousands of Units by the following product segments: Battery Powered Electric Vehicles (BPEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for each region for the period 2007 through 2015. A seven-year historic analysis is also provided for these markets. The report profiles 86 companies including many key and niche players such as AB Volvo Group, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, Daimler AG, Fiat SpA, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, Honda Motor Co, Ltd.., Hyundai Motor Company, Isuzu Motors Ltd, Mazda Motor Corporation, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., PSA Peugeot Citro
Electric vehicles and electric utilities – a clear opportunity with many shapesCarlo Stella
While several stakeholders are supportive of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, we have looked specifically at electric utilities to understand the opportunities that such a change in the transportation landscape can generate, and define the key questions to be addressed in order to embrace them. We have identified four business models – by no means evolutionary – that can be looked at independently, and eventually combined to fit the company’s strategy and the specific market conditions (e.g., regulation, competition, ecosystem, customer readiness). We strongly believe electric utilities are ideally positioned to leverage the opportunities offered by the adoption of electric vehicles on a mass-market scale, but they need to act fast, as many other players are addressing the same opportunity
Iran's Revival : What Will Your Strategy Be?Solidiance
On January 16th 2016, the 37 years of successive sanctions against Iran was lifted. Iran is currently home to 1.5% of the global GDP and is the 18th largest economy in the world, presenting itself as a strong business-case for significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). For the Iranian government, this means an immediate access to USD 150 billion in frozen assets, and an opportunity to rebuild the country’s industrialized economy. For businesses, the most immediate and significant sanctions to be lifted against Iran are the financial sanctions that have barred the country from playing in the global financial markets. This white paper provides a review of the Iranian economy, comparing it to lucrative emerging markets in the Middle East and Asia such as Turkey, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, while also highlighting investment opportunities and risks in Iran today.
Role of In Vitro Diagnostics in Saudi ArabiaSolidiance
Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system currently relies heavily on government funding, which accounts for 65% healthcare spending in the country. Healthcare trends in Saudi Arabia's, e.g. demographic shifts, high incidence rates of lifestyle related diseases, growing demand for private healthcare services, and strategic investments made by the government have driven demands for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices. Solidiance co-developed this exclusive white paper with Kind Abdulaziz Medical City and Abbott Diagnostics, highlighting the contribution, value and future of in vitro diagnostics in Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system. According to the report, the future looks bright for IVD in Saudi Arabia, however it depends on how fast it can be adopted and implemented in order to benefit the government, healthcare players seeking to improve and invest on the sector, and also the people.
Emerging Opportunities in Myanmar's Diagnostic Imaging and In-Vitro DiagnosticsSolidiance
With the increasing economic growth and demographic changes in Myanmar, expenditure in the healthcare landscape is set to rise exponentially by the growing awareness of regular check-up for early detection of non-communicable diseases. The country is also witnessing rapid growth in healthcare demand which inevitably results in the development of the healthcare system. These shifts are creating emerging opportunities for private healthcare companies, especially in the Diagnostic Imaging (DI) and In Vitro Diagnostics market. However, demand for better healthcare services are increasing faster than supply, requiring global healthcare players to have a long strategic view of the market. This white paper analyses these trends and provides strategic insights to create a sustainable long term strategy to capitalize on these opportunities.
Indonesia's Green Industrial Estates and Best PracticesSolidiance
The rising trend of industrial estates in Indonesia coupled with a growing concern for environmental and social awareness have led industrial players in the adoption of green initiatives for their industrial estate. In the white paper, Solidiance mapped all 233 existing industrial estates in Indonesia, analyzes them using international best practices as a benchmark and our own framework that integrates three core pillars – economic, social, and environmental. The end result of assessment is the Best 5 Green Industrial Estates which can act as a guidelines for existing and new industrial players in shifting their business approach into a sustainable system. Although Indonesia’s industrial estates are still at a nascent stage, promising opportunities are visible in the marketplace.
Malaysia's Automation Sector: Pursuit of Opportunities and Shift of Industria...Solidiance
The market for Malaysia’s industrial automation vendors seem to have fallen into a state of idle uncertainty in which they will need to re-orientate and adapt in the market. Oil & gas, electronics and the automotive industries are facing rising costs and increased competition from neighboring markets.
Albeit high investments in 2014, the focus is now leaning towards chemicals and refinement of petroleum. In this white paper, Solidiance screened 198 automation vendors in Malaysia with 10 in-depth interviews on the business outlook and future industrial opportunities. The survey showed that firms radically turn away from manufacturing sectors such as oil & gas, and instead see the future in processing industries, e.g. chemicals and food processing.
China's chemical market is the world's largest which currently faces production overcapacity, slow growth of local demand, and high competition intensity. In this white paper, Solidiance addresses the questions on how to grow and maintain market position as many emerging competitors are moving up to the value chain through product upgrade, continuous innovation, and business expansion.
The answers are “The New Chemical Era in China” which will come up as the phenomenon resulting from the ability of different chemical companies to create their market identities to gain competitiveness.
This phenomenon is expected to gradually open new opportunities in development of different industry sectors, such as automotive, energy, construction, as well as electrical & electronic (E&E).
Myanmar, the Next Manufacturing Hub (focused on Special Economic Zones)Solidiance
Trade and investment liberalization, access to a large domestic and regional market, as well as abundant low cost labor make Myanmar attractive from a manufacturing perspective, but can Myanmar be the next China?
Solidiance further explores this topic in their latest white paper about Myanmar as the Next Manufacturing Hub. As the government is moving forward to increase share of industrials in the overall economy and boost exports to narrow the trade deficit as part of its 5 year plan.
However, infrastructure remains a key challenge and the government is now depending on the development of industrial and special economic zones (SEZ).
The market for Green Buildings in Vietnam | www.solidiance.com |Solidiance
Solidiance collaborated with the Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC) to produce a comprehensive assessment of Vietnam's Green Building Sector. The results show that the green buildings market in Vietnam is still at the early stages of development, primarily as a result of cost sensitivities, low electricity prices, short-term thinking and misaligned incentives between building developers and users, an underdeveloped regulatory market, and a limited supply of skilled employees with green building awareness. This paper elaborates the market overview of the green building industry, green certifications used i.e. LOTUS and LEED, BCA GreenMark, and the market opportunity currently existing in Vietnam.
The China market for renewable energy: boom or bust ? | www.solidiance.comSolidiance
This Solidiance paper provides a snapshot of the renewable energy market in China and demonstrates the challenges and opportunities faced by this industry. The paper identifies the three key drivers behind the increasing importance of renewable energies to China, before examining the Chinese Government’s targets and strategies at the root of this industry growth in China. By examining four key sectors in focus, China hydro power, China wind power, China solar power and China biofuels, this paper ultimately demonstrates that while renewable energies are vital to China’s continued sustainable growth, there are a number of challenges which must first be overcome in each of the renewable sectors examined here if China is to extract the maximum potential from their renewable energy industries.
Visit www.solidiance.com and www.chinamarketintelligence.com for more insights on how we can help you to successfully enter the Chinese renewable energy market and grow your revenue in this sector.
4G Business Readiness: LTE Opportunities and Challenges in Asia | www.solidi...Solidiance
LTE global growth is forecasted to be led by Asia Pacific with India and China as major drivers. In this whitepaper, Solidiance provides a snapshot of the likely changes Long Term Evolution will bring to Asia wireless communication operators and the mobile internet service providers. It compares the differences between LTE and WiMAX, as well as outlook of the LTE network adoption worldwide via the growth of 3G subscriber base from now, until 2013.
Other key takeaways included in this whitepaper are forecasts of 3G subscribers by region, worldwide LTE adoption data, mobile usage behaviour of several Asian countries, as well as the key challenges and opportunities of LTE adoption.
Visit www.solidiance.com for more insights on how we can help you position and grow your business in Asia Pacific.
Myanmar Market Entry: Time to invest or investigate ? www.solidiance.comSolidiance
In this whitepaper Solidiance provides a Myanmar market overview, a quick industry assessment, the challenges/issues facing investors and the need to know before a Myanmar Market Entry. More details on www.myanmarmarketentry.com
Sectors researched include Myanmar telecommunication, Myanmar banking, Myanmar infrastructure, Yangon transportation, Myanmar oil & gas, Myanmar power and utilities, as well the Myanmar automotive market.
Visit www.solidiance.com and www.marketresearchmyanmar.com for more insights on how we can help you to successfully enter the Myanmar market and grow your sales in the country.
Solidiance operates an office in Yangon since 2011 and has successfully served several Fortune 500 in Myanmar.
China's Manufacturing Sector - the End of a Great Growth Era? www.solidiance.comSolidiance
Following decades of its rapid growth, China's construction sector is hitting an unprecedented slowdown. As foreign players struggle in the challenged market, China's homegrown manufacturers are still expanding their business as well as extending more credit to customers.
To cope with the issue and maintain a steady growth pattern in China, the industry players need to apply tactful actions and new China market strategies. This document is extracted from a presentation by Pilar Dieter, Solidiance's China Principal during the "CHaINA 2012" conference in Shanghai, November 2012, and provides some foresight on the China Manufacturing and Construction sectors.
Japanese Green Building Construction Materials in Singapore - Do they stand a...Solidiance
How can Japanese green building materials enter and capture market share in the Singapore construction sector ?
This document is extracted from a workshop Solidiance conducted at the Japanese Chamber of Commerce in Singapore. The presentation is in both English and Japanese. For more on details on how Solidiance can support your business growth in Asia, please visit www.solidiance.com
Top 10 Asia Green Cities - Asian Green City Index - www.solidiance.com Solidiance
Tokyo is the greenest major city in the Asia-Pacific region. Solidiance publishes the first ever Asia Pacific Top 10 Green Cities ranking after analyzing all key urban hubs in the region.
Asia Mobile Telecom Innovations Solidiance MMASolidiance
Special focus on the Asia mobile healthcare and Asia mobile music markets in this paper. Solidiance and the Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) team up to review technology and application changes in the Asia mobile industry.
How global warming will affect your Asia business - www.solidiance.comSolidiance
Solidiance reviews in pictures the impact of global warming will have on Asia businesses from building materials, to power generation, water management and recycling industries. Greentech is here to stay.
China Software Outsourcing Industry - www.solidiance.comSolidiance
The Chinese software outsourcing industry is a symbol of China’s great leap forward from a focus on industry to services. In less than five years, China, by leveraging its low-cost labor and driven by government ambition, has become one of the most important software outsourcing destinations in Asia. Solidiance examines the ups and downs of China's entry in the Software Outsourcing business.
Vietnam Medical Device Industry 2009 - www.solidiance.comSolidiance
Solidiance shares its view on the fast growing Medical devices industry in Vietnam. Solidiance estimates the market to be worth USD 280 millions in 2009 and to double in size by 2017. Despite strong foreseeable sustained growth, the Vietnam healthcare market is no easy play and tailored marketing strategies are required.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Could Cause The Headlights On Your Porsche 911 To Stop WorkingLancer Service
Discover why your Porsche 911 headlights might flicker out unexpectedly. From aging bulbs to electrical gremlins and moisture mishaps, we're delving into the reasons behind the blackout. Stay tuned to illuminate the road ahead and ensure your lights shine bright for safer journeys.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
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At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
Learn why monitoring your Mercedes' Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) sensor is crucial. Understand its role in engine performance and emission reduction. Discover five warning signs of EBP sensor failure, from loss of power to increased emissions. Take action promptly to avoid costly repairs and maintain your Mercedes' reliability and efficiency.
Your VW's camshaft position sensor is crucial for engine performance. Signs of failure include engine misfires, difficulty starting, stalling at low speeds, reduced fuel efficiency, and the check engine light. Prompt inspection and replacement can prevent further damage and keep your VW running smoothly.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
The Electrical Vehicle Market in China - The next wave ? www.solidiance.com
1. Electric Vehicles
in China
–Are They Worth
the Hype?
A Paper on the Growth
of the Chinese Electric
Vehicles Market
中国 September 2011
2. Government Support
Will Alleviate Gaps
Between ICEs and
EVs2010
10
contents
Price Premium Appendix A:
The Future for Electric Comparison of
Vehicles in China for EVs Remains
Too High for Most Petrol and Electricity
Seems Bright: PricesElectric Vehicles
Consumers
01 11&12
in China –Are They
Worth the Hype?
Advantage #1: China’s
Growing and Largely When Would Fuel 23
Untapped Automotive and Electricity Prices
Credits
Make EVs Cheaper
24
Market
per Kilometer?
02 13&14
Advantage #2: The
Extent of Support Where Will the
from the Chinese Chinese EV Industry
Government Be in 2020?
03&04 15-18
The Role of the Could Some Auto
Government Is Crucial Manufacturers Be Too
to Give the Industry Optimistic?
Direction
19&20
05 In the Interim,
But Growth Will Not Be Hybrids are the
All Smooth-Sailing Bridge between
ICEs and EVs
06&07 21
Government Support Summary
Will Alleviate Gaps
Between ICEs and EVs 22
08
The Need For a Flexible
Charging Infrastructure
09
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 01
...
3. The Future for
Electric Vehicles
in China Seems Bright:
Electric vehicles, it seems, are the way of the future. China appears to believe so. The Chinese
Contemporary electric vehicle (EV) technology has government looks set to develop the
always seemed to the everyday consumer innovative industry, pledging to finance infrastructure
and ahead of its time, yet lacking in accessibility and and research into EV technology;
practicality. But has this finally changed? Along with automotive manufacturers also seem
the green movement that has been increasing in certain, with many forming joint ventures
momentum across the globe over the past years, with domestic automotive companies, like
it seemed only natural that the market would seek General Motors and Shanghai Automotive
out a more environmentally-friendly alternative Industry Corporation (SAIC), to break into
to traditional internal combustion engines (ICE). the market.
Industry players have been experimenting with
gasoline alternatives through concept cars powered The plan is certainly ambitious for the
by hydrogen fuel cells and bio fuel as two examples. Chinese government – to have 500,000
to 1 million green cars (including
electric and hybrid cars and buses)
Are electric vehicles the answer to by 2015, thereby decreasing average
the call for green technology that fuel consumption by 30% among new
is also commercially viable? cars1. Yet, if we were to consider the
sales of the Toyota Prius (a dismal 1,500
to 2,000 in 2009) as a benchmark in
China for the market of environmentally
friendly, electric vehicles, the future
for electric vehicles in China does not
seem especially optimistic.
So what might the factors
be that account for such
confidence in pure EVs?
And is the Chinese EV
market indeed worthy of
its hype?
1: China Association of Automobile Manufacturers
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 02
...
/ 01
4. Advantage #1:
China’s Growing and Largely
Untapped Automotive Market
Passenger Cars per 1000 People, 2007
In 2009, China had only
approximately 57 car owners 600 566
for every 1000 people in its
500 463 451
population while already being
400
the largest auto market in the
world. The potential for growth 300
248
in the Chinese market to reach 200
car ownership levels similar to 113
100 57
developed countries like the
0
Germany and the US where
Germany UK US South Singapore China
there are at least 9 times more Korea
passenger cars per 1000 people
Source: World Bank. Figures for China are dated 2009.
should not be underestimated.
In fact, the Chinese With growth of the market fueled largely by first-time car
owners, many industry players are convinced that it will
automotive market be easier for the growing Chinese market to leapfrog
is expected to grow traditional ICEs, instead embracing “green”cars –both
pure EVs and hybrids –more readily than matured auto
at a rate of 10%
markets. Indeed, it is encouraging that approximately 60%
every year in the of Chinese consumers “wouldconsider”buying an electric
next decade. car, far outpacing respondents in US (12%) and Japan
(5%) (see graph).
70%
60%
Respondents expressing interest in
China
“definitely” or “most likely as soon as it
50%
is available” purchasing
40% Italy a pure electric vehicle, 2010
30% Source: Ernst & Young, Global Automotive Center survey
20% France
Germany
10% UK US
Japan
0%
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 03
...
/ 02
5. Advantage #2:
The Extent of Support
from the Chinese Government
The Chinese government is highly supportive For a 3-year trial (from 2010 to 2012) in 5
of the development of the domestic EV cities in China: Changchun, Hangzhou, Hefei,
market – they are committed to the goal Shanghai and Shenzhen, $147 million will be
of placing 500,000 to 1 million electric and invested in research and development for
hybrid cars and buses on the roads by EV technology, in addition to $737 million to
2015, and have pledged substantial funds subsidize EV purchases.
to finance their plans.
The Chinese government has also pledged
long-term support for the industry, investing
$192 million in the alliance of 16 state-owned
enterprises involved in various segments of
the EV industry, including power providers and
R&D institutes. A further $14.7 million will be
invested in the research and development of
energy-efficient technology by 2012 .
Such continued
government support
will help build a strong
ecosystem for the EV
industry in China, and
in doing so, create the
foundations for the growth
of the industry past its
initial emergent stage in
the coming years.
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 04
...
/ 03
6. While it is unlikely that consumers would switch to
EVs en masse in the next decade, strong government
support will help lay the foundations to facilitate
industry growth. The demand for EVs will be sustained
by manufacturers and power grid companies which
innovate and provide products and services aligned
to the preferences of consumers. Thus, government
support in facilitating such development is crucial, and
the advantage of the Chinese market is the enthusiasm
Advantage #2: of the government in doing so.
The Extent of As represented in the diagram of the EV industry
ecosystem on the right, government intervention in
Support from the Chinese market targeted at power grid companies,
OEMs, and R&D institutes will help encourage constant
the Chinese
innovation in technology and enable the provision of a
charging infrastructure, thereby creating a conducive
Government
environment for growth.
EV Industr
yE
cos
ys
Source: Solidiance
te
m
Government
Consumers
Distributers
Raw
Materials
Suppliers R&D
Institutes
Power Grid Original
Equipment
Companies
Manufacturers
(OEMs)
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 05
...
/ 04
7. The Role of the
Government Is
Crucial to Give the
Industry Direction
The need for a
A Short Introduction
well-defined road map
ECOtality is a leader in EV
technology, and aims to help
- An interview with Mr. Peter Nimmo,
introduce EVs in countries across CEO ECOtality Australia
the globe. Besides R&D and
the manufacture of EV charging
equipment, an aspect of their For a sustainable EV industry, ECOtality believes that
business is assisting governments all facets of the EV ecosystem have to grow together:
to build an integrated “EV Micro- developments in vehicle technology, increased knowledge
Climate Infrastructure” through about consumer choice and preferences, the establishment
bringing together and supporting of a comprehensive charging network that is also flexible
different sectors of the industry, in dealing with power needs, and necessary government
including OEMs, energy providers, legislation to guide the EV industry all have to come together.
and charge operators.
ECOtality has entered the Chinese Hence, the Chinese government needs a well-defined road
EV industry through establishing a map to guide the development of its EV industry, and which
joint venture with Shenzhen Goch requires the collaboration of various government units and
Investment Limited to manufacture industry players.
and assemble EV charging
equipment. ECOtality China notably And on that note, even though the Chinese government is
secured a $300 million credit line in enthusiastic in developing the industry, they are, in the words
March 2010 to finance its expansion. of Mr. Nimmo, “not as far progressed as they want to be”.
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 06
...
/ 05
8. But
Growth
While foreign companies have been collecting
data in regions like North America and thus
Will Not Be
have the expertise of doing so, the current
challenge is for foreign companies with that
expertise to overcome cultural barriers to
All Smooth-
enter China.
Sailing
All things considered, there are multiple
facets of the EV ecosystem that have to be
addressed and developed simultaneously to
build a sustainable EV industry tuned to the
needs of consumers. The efficacy of such
an effort is contingent first on the successful
This road map first has to be collaboration of industry players and Chinese
preceded by a study of consumer policymakers, and second on data collection
driving patterns and preferences. To on consumer preferences.
enable the sustainable development of the EV
industry, Chinese policymakers need such data
to establish efficient infrastructure tuned to the It will be challenging to attempt to change
needs of consumers (e.g. to locate adequate our reliance on ICEs over the past 100
charging stations at convenient locations) and years in just 10 years. There needs to
improve driver experience. be a cultural shift away from petrol use,
and also changes in the entire auto
Such data, which could be obtained though
industry, including infrastructure and
working with tertiary and R&D institutes, will
legislation.
then give policymakers direction to address
support issues. For example, how should we
react to the increased load from charging EVs We are talking about a
on the power grid? paradigm shift.
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 07
...
/ 06
9. But Growth
Will Not Be All
Smooth-Sailing
Adoption Barriers for EVs
Source: Solidiance
Affordability Limitations of Issues of
of EVs Infrastructure Convenience
- Price of - Lack of - Limited range
battery packs comprehensive of EVs
charging network
restrictions on
-Network has to spontaneous
be tuned to or long drives
consumer
choice and
preferences
EVs:
5%-10%
penetration
rate in
2020
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 08
...
/ 07
10. Government Support
Will Alleviate Gaps
Between ICEs and EVs
Issue 1: Due to their familiarity with gasoline In addition, this also means that the
engines, consumers feel more at ease with convenient use of EVs is limited only to
the reliability of traditional ICEs driving within cities, preventing drivers
from taking impromptu or long-distance
Among EV models scheduled for sale in China, the range drives. The reliance on special charging
of electric cars varies from around 120km to 300km. stations also implies that before drivers
This range would theoretically be feasible for city travel, adopt EVs, a comprehensive network
since the typical urban Chinese commuter travels for of such charging stations has to be in
short distances averaging only 25 km and, during peak place to convince them of their ability to
hours, at low average speeds due to gridlock. charge their vehicles at a place and time
of their convenience.
However, the consumer’s concerns of convenience,
especially given the price premium of EVs, are hard to Source: General Motors
change in the short-run.
The government’s response to the need
for a comprehensive charging network is
encouraging for the market…
State-run State Grid Corporation of China has invested 250 billion yuan ($37 billion)
to build 75 charging stations and 6,209 charge points across 27 provinces by the
end of 2010. if paired with the use of a new quick-charge technology which allows
for the EV battery to be fully charged in approximately 15 minutes, drivers could
possibly extend the range of their EVs within a day.
Source: State Grid Corporation of China
… but is not without its limitations
1 2 3
Is there land Will the power Will the
available grid be able infrastructure
for charging to sustain the suit consumer
stations? additional load? behavior and
preferences?
Source: Solidiance
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... 09
...
/ 08
11. ECOtality wants to give consumers
flexibility and choice within the
charging network…
- An interview with Mr. Peter Nimmo,
CEO ECOtality Australia,
continued
A successful and sustainable infrastructure network not only
has to be accessible, but also flexible enough to cater for
consumer behavior and preferences.
The
Need For
We have to consider the consumer’s choices with respect
to how, where, and when they plug into the grid, and also
a Flexible the possibility of offering different payment options. Just as
how an ICE driver may select different grades of petrol at
Charging a pump, an EV driver could have the option of paying for a
quicker but more expensive charge, or a slower but more
Infrastructure affordable one.
… as well as create an infrastructure capable of
reacting to patterns of power consumption
Plugging in to charge EVs would increase the load on
power grids, and flexibility in power allocation would be
a more sustainable and efficient method of providing for
that increase as opposed to increasing overall energy
production.
Image: Paul Martin Eldridge / The charging infrastructure needs to be able to react
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
to changes in patterns of power consumption by
controlling the amount of power directed towards
charging EVs. For example, during periods of peak
energy use, power stations could reduce power
directed towards charging EVs and restore it only
after there is spare capacity.
/ 090
01
Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... ...
12. Issue 2: Developing battery technology and
small scale production mean that prices of
EVs are not yet competitive with ICEs
Batteries may make up “up to 75%” (McKinsey) of the
price premium between traditional ICEs and electric
drive vehicles (i.e. hybrid and pure EVs), and it will
take time before new technology and manufacturing
methods are developed for production costs to reach
a more affordable level ( the Chinese government has Image: Salvatore Vuono / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
announced $149 million in subsidies for the research
Government
and development of EV technology to help speed up
the process). Currently in 2010, the industry average
cost for a battery is about $650 per kWh – the battery
pack of the electric Chevrolet Volt, for example, costs
approximately $600/kWh. For a typical 20 kWh battery, Support Will
that would mean a cost of $13,000. Even after trial
subsidies at 5 cities, Changchun, Hangzhou, Hefei, Alleviate Gaps
Between ICEs
Shanghai and Shenzhen for purchases of EVs, at
current levels of technology, EVs are still considerably
and EVs2010
more expensive than ICEs.
2010 – 2012
Trial Subsidy Program
• 5 billion RMB set aside for direct
subsidies to manufacturers
• Pure EVs with battery capacity > 15kWh:
• Subsidy of 3,000 RMB per kWh
• Capped at 60,000 RMB per EV
• Plug-in Hybrids > 10kWh:
• Subsidy of 3,000 RMB per kWh
• Capped at 50,000 RMB per vehicle
• Hybrids <1.6L
• Subsidy of 3,000RMB
Source: China Ministry of Finance Source: McKinsey, Electric Shock Electric Cars
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13. Price Premium for
EVs Remains Too High
for Most Consumers
Consider BYD’s E6, BYD’s first EV, with pre-sale price set at
300,000 yuan ($44,248). After a government subsidy and a
Shenzhen city government subsidy of 60,000 yuan ($8,850)
each, the E6 would cost about 180,000 yuan ($26,548). To Some of the hybrids
consider what this implies to majority of potential car buyers and electric cars
in China, BYD’s F3, ranked first by sales volume in China in
look pretty cool,
the first five months of 2010, with 138,000 units sold, costs
only 60,000RMB ($8,800). but they are too
expensive. I’d
As China is still a developing country, the price of a car forms rather spend less
a large proportion of an average consumer’s annual income.
Hence, majority of potential car-buyers in China are price
money on a reliable
sensitive, and the mass adoptability of an EV given today’s gasoline car
prices is unlikely. Based on 2009 figures, the average annual -Huang Jihai, 51, who bought
income in cities was about 18,858 yuan ($2,781) in 2009, his daughter a General Motors
making an E6 about 2 times the average annual salary of Co. Chevrolet Cruze as a
urban dwellers in China. wedding gift.
Source: Bloomberg
In addition, potential car owners are able to purchase an ICE
with better specifications for the price of an EV. Indeed, for
approximately the same price as the BYD E6, consumers
may instead choose the Buick Excelle GT, which features
A Selected
1.8-liter fuel efficient engine, and is sold for 189,700 yuan
($28,000) in China.
Look at Car
Prices in China, 2010
50
45
USD, in thousands
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
BYD E6: Subsidies BYD E6: Buick Honda Fit Chevrolet BYD F3
Full Price Subsidised Excelle GT 1.3L Sail 1.2L 1.5L
Price 1.8L Sedan
Sources: General Motors, NY Times, and various news articles
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14. Price Premium for
EVs Remains Too High
for Most Consumers
The problem for manufacturers is that prices may
only fall when there is sufficient demand for EVs
among Chinese consumers. This demand would
increase scale of production, allow for economies
of scale and create incentive for research institutes
to innovate. Yet, the current problem is that demand
is impeded by high EV prices, and will only grow
when prices fall.
Current levels of subsidies are inadequate to make
EVs affordable for the masses. For that to be
achieved, battery technology first has to approach
an affordable level, and manufacturers also have
to be able to reduce production costs through
increasing their scale of production.
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Electric Vehicles in China – Are They Worth the Hype? Solidiance ... ...
15. When Would Using assumptions for battery
Fuel and
technology as outlined in Appendix A,
we get the following :
Electricity Prices Cost per km, ICE = Cost per km, EV
Make EVs Fuel cost per km = Cost of charging
per km + battery depreciation per km
Cheaper Per y
=
x
+ 0.065
Kilometer?
12.41 5
where x = price of electricity,
To convince consumers to switch to EVs, and y = price of petrol
the cost of driving an EV per kilometer
has to be less than that of a traditional Hence, depending on the respective
ICE. While the price premium of an EV is prices of electricity and petrol in each
substantial, including the price of the battery Chinese province, we will be able to
in the upfront cost of the EV is similar to predict whether it will be cheaper to drive
including the price of tanks of petrol in the a traditional ICE or an EV per km using
cost of a traditional ICE – hence, a better the above model, as well as identify the
comparison of cost would be to look at the relevant price levels at which an EV will
cost of driving each kilometer. be cheaper to drive for 1 km.
Price of Petrol ($ per liter)
y x
= + 0.065
12.41 5
EVs more
affordable
per km
Traditional
ICEs more
0.81 affordable
per km
Price of Electricity ($ per kWh)
Source: Solidiance
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16. When Would Fuel and Electricity Prices
Make EVs Cheaper Per Kilometer?
Using prices in Shanghai as an example, where the cost of: Image: Idea go / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
93 octane petrol = $1.01/liter (6.87 RMB/liter),
and electricity = $0.09/kWh (0.61 RMB/kWh), At existing levels
of technology
We find that the cost per km, ICE <cost per km, EV, which makes it (i.e. cost and range
cheaper for a driver in Shanghai to drive a kilometer in a traditional of batteries), petrol
ICE than an EV.
prices are currently
With electricity prices in China at between $0.07 and $$0.20 per too low to encourage
kWh, petrol prices will have to be greater than the range of $0.99 Chinese drivers to
and $1.36 per liter for EVs to be more affordable than ICEs. switch to EVs.
Price of Petrol
y x
($ per liter)
= + 0.065
12.41 5
1.03
1.01
Traditional
ICEs more
affordable
0.81 per km
0.09 Price of Electricity
($ per kWh)
Source: Solidiance
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17. Where Will the Chinese EV
Industry Be in 2020?
Growth Drivers:
Consumer demand for EVs are highly
dependent on factors which affect the
convenience and affordability of EVs
in relation to traditional ICEs.
Hence, in the future, the successful establishment of Consumer preferences will also influence
a comprehensive, convenient, and flexible network buyers to accept certain levels of price
of charging stations, as well as the availability of premium over ICEs, further encouraging
adequate subsidies, will directly boost demand. demand.
In addition, since convenience and affordability are The extent of growth of the EV industry in
consequences of the level of EV technology, there China in 2020 will therefore depend on the
is a need for competition within the market and development and interaction of the above
constant innovation to encourage the manufacture mentioned factors.
of more efficient and affordable vehicles.
Government
Subsidies
to Increase
Affordability
Convenient, Consumer
Flexible, Preferences for
Charging Environmentally-
Infrastructure friendly
Technology
Competitive
EV EV Constant
Innovation and
Demand
Market R&D
Source: Solidiance
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18. EV Sales:
Based on predictions by industry players and Chinese policymakers,
new vehicle sales will grow at an average rate of 10% in the next
decade, and a total of 38.8 million new vehicles are predicted to
Where Will be sold in China in 2020. Following that, estimated growth will
then slow down to an average of 8% between 2020 and 2030.
the Chinese Optimistic auto companies foresee a 10% penetration rate of EVs
EV Industry among all new vehicles sold in 2020, while other industry players
Be in 2020?
predict a 5% penetration rate as a more realistic possibility.
Predicted EV sales in China are shown in the table to the right.
New Vehicles Sales
Forecast Beyond 2020 an estimate
90
80
70
Total #
60 of vehicles
sold
In Millions
50
# EVs sold
40
(optimistic)
30
# EVs sold
20 (realistic)
10
0
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Source: Solidiance
Predicted EV Sales: Numbers are given in millions
2020 2030
Total vehicle sales (Predicted): 38.8 Total vehicle sales (Predicted): 100.6
Realistic 1.94 (5%) 8.38 (10%)
Optimistic 3.88 (10%) 25.13 (30%)
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19. Where Will
the Chinese
Therefore, we predict EV sales in China to EV Industry
Be in 2020?
be between 1.94 million and 3.88 million in
2020, possibly rising up to between 8.38
million and 25.13 million in 2030.
Predicted # of EVs sold
30
25.13
25
20
in millions
15 Realistic
10 Optimistic
8.38
3.88
5
1.94
0
2020 2030
Source: Solidiance
High targets are possible with
infrastructure at the right places and
with proper support
-Mr. Peter Nimmo, CEO ECOtality Australia
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20. Battery Manufacturers:
Where Will the
Chinese EV
Industry Be in 2020?
As previously mentioned, the industry average in 2010 for the cost
of manufacturing a battery pack is $650/kWh. From developments
in battery technology as well as increases in economies of scale
among battery manufacturers in the coming years, industry players
expect an approximate 5% decrease in cost every year, or a 40%
decrease by 2020.
In other words, battery costs would be approximately $389/kWh in
2020. Assuming an average battery capacity of between 16 kWh
(e.g. SAIC E1, 140 km range) and 60 kWh (e.g. BYD E6, 330 km
range), and using forecast figures for EV sales in 2020,
We predict that the battery
market for pure EVs alone in
China will be worth between
$28.7 billion and $57.4
billion in 20201.
1. Using average battery capacity = 0.5(16+60)=38, lower estimate = 389*38*1.94 million,
higher estimate = 389*38*3.88 million
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21. Could Some Auto
Manufacturers
Be Too Optimistic?
The EV industry could be said to have high Hence, could some auto manufacturers be too
barriers to entry due to the high initial investment optimistic in their views of the Chinese EV market?
capital required. Costs like expenditure for
research and development, and the constant While the Chinese government is making a large
innovation required for the first few years of the effort to speed up the process of research and
industry might convince other auto companies development through research subsidies and
to jump on the bandwagon later to leapfrog grants, it remains that new technology has to be
available technology. While EV technology has discovered and developed before EVs may be
been approaching commercial feasibility, much widely affordable. In addition, the reliability of the
development still has to be made to achieve a network of charging stations has to be established
certain level of convenience and affordability and the concerns of consumers regarding range
with which consumers are comfortable with also addressed, before consumer preferences shift
before EVs may become appealing to the towards EVs – both of which will only occur in the
masses and start to be profitable. long-run.
Electric cars will continue to offer the
end-user less perceived versatility and
convenience when compared
to their liquid-fueled
competition
-Tom De Vleesschauwer,
Global Insight Analyst
Source: Business Week
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22. Could Some Auto
Manufacturers Be Too Optimistic?
Geely’s strategy is to focus
on traditional ICEs, while
developing a diversified
range of new energy vehicles
-An Interview with Mr. Victor Yang,
Case Study: Director of Public Relations
Geely
Holding
Mr. Yang has indicated that in the coming 2
decades, Geely is focused on developing the
technology of ICE vehicles and improving the
Group efficiency of engines through the use of turbo
engines and lightweight car components.
Hence, Geely’s focus remains on ICEs, which
Geely believes will continue to constitute most of
the auto market in China. But the manufacturer
Geely: A Short Introduction
remains interested in getting a head start in the
EV industry, and has released 6 new hybrid and
Geely established its auto pure EV models in the 2010 Beijing Auto Show.
manufacturing business in 1997, and
has grown to become the one of the top For EVs to make up 5% of new vehicle sales
ten largest auto manufacturers in China. in 2020 is, in his opinion, “achievable”, but
Notably, Geely also purchased Volvo in widespread adoption is not highly probable until
early August 2010. issues about the practicality and affordability of
EVs are addressed. In particular, the availability
Geely is looking at breaking into both of excess capacity of Chinese power plants and
domestic and foreign EV markets. land for the construction of large-scale charging
The electric version of its affordable, infrastructure are of concern. As these issues,
compact model, Panda, will be available as well as the mass affordability of EVs are not
in China end 2010, and will also be sold likely to be solved soon, Mr. Yang believes that
in European markets as Nanoq. the growth of the EV market will be limited in
the next decade.
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23. There is an electric In the Interim, Hybrids
vehicle “fever” in are the Bridge between
China… but hybrids
are more workable.
ICEs and EVs
-Mr. Victor Yang,
Director of Public Relations,
Geely Holding Group
Light hybridization
is the answer for
most cars.
-Dr. Karl-Thomas Neumann,
Chief Officer for Electric Traction,
Volkswagen Group
The two current limitations
of EVs, convenience and
affordability, suggest that plug-in
hybrids are a more commercially
feasible approach to EVs.
Auto manufacturers seem also to acknowledge this – most
EV manufacturers currently in the Chinese market are also
releasing new plug-in hybrid models. These plug-in hybrids
are more affordable and come with fuel tank range extenders,
which will allow for flexibility in driving before a comprehensive
network of charging infrastructure is put in place. In addition,
charging plug-in hybrids will be less demanding on power grids
than pure EVs.
Hence, incumbent OEMs may use plug-in hybrids to bridge the
different stages of development in a company’s product line
while remaining innovative and developing EV technology for
the long-run.
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24. Summary
The sustained development of the EV industry in China depends on
the existence of a supportive ecosystem to address growth drivers of
the industry and generate demand for EVs among consumers. That
is, the acceptance of EVs depends on the ability of charging service
providers, OEMs, and the government to provide a convenient,
comprehensive, and flexible charging infrastructure and affordable
EVs to influence consumer preferences.
While there is strong government support to develop the EV industry,
these factors – the existence of a convenient charging infrastructure
and the affordability of EVs – are adoption barriers holding back the
widespread adoption of EVs in the next decade.
For the above mentioned reasons, we predict for the
Chinese EV market a 5% to 10% penetration rate in 2020,
or a demand for between 1.94 million and 3.88 million
EVs, and a battery market worth between $28.7 billion and
$57.4 billion in 2020.
Since we have admitted that these adoption barriers will
only be addressed in the long-run, auto manufacturers
could look at plug-in hybrids in the meantime to bridge the
shift from traditional ICEs to mass adoption of pure EVs in
the Chinese market.
While companies like Renault have jumped onto the EV bandwagon
and are attempting to establish market share through entering the
Chinese EV market early, others like Geely have opted instead to
diversify their range of vehicles, pursuing energy efficiency through
developing not only EVs, but also hybrids (the Geely Stop and Go
system saves fuel at traffic lights and during congestions), as well as
light-weight, efficient traditional engines.
It is too strong an assertion to make that the Chinese EV market,
with a modest 5% penetration rate 2020, is not worth its hype. In
the long-run, once these adoption barriers are better addressed, the
EV industry will grow at a much higher rate. Hence, industry players
should not neglect the development of EVs in the Chinese auto
industry. The sheer size of the Chinese auto market would mean a
potentially large EV market and growth opportunities for firms in every
segment of the EV manufacturing and distribution chain.
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25. y x
= + 0.065
12.41 5
Price of Petrol ($ per liter)
EVs more
affordable
per km
Traditional
ICEs more
0.81 affordable
per km
Appendix A:
Price of Electricity ($ per kWh)
Source: Solidiance
Comparison of Petrol and Electricity Prices
Assume a 60kWh battery, with 2,000 charge cycles,
and 300km range (BYD E6 battery), with $650/kWh production cost.
Assume also that average fuel efficiency of cars in China = 12.41 km/l
Let x = retail price of electricity, and y = retail price of petrol
Assume that we are comparing two otherwise identical vehicles, hence
the difference in depreciation of car and powertrain between the ICE and the EV are negligible.
Cost per km, ICE = Cost per km, EV
Fuel cost per km = Cost of charging per km + battery depreciation per km
y x ⁕ 60 650 ⁕ 60
= +
12.41 300 2000 ⁕ 300
y x
= + 0.065
12.41 5
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26. CHINA
INDIA
INDONESIA
Solidiance is a dedicated Asia B2B SINGAPORE
THAILAND
marketing and growth strategy consulting
firm with offices across the region. Our
company is fast growing and currently has
seven offices in Asia including China, India,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,
and Vietnam. Solidiance’s DNA is to help
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