India offers the world’s largest untapped EV market, especially in the two-wheeler segment. With several automakers rolling out EV vehicles at a rapid pace, the penetration of these vehicles has increased significantly in the past few years. As per a recent study, electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to be worth around at least ₹475 billion by 2025. The penetration of electric two-wheelers is projected to reach up to 15% by 2025 from 1% currently. As business activities gain pace and the Indian economy rebounds its way in 2022, the auto industry is set to enter a new phase of growth, innovation and investment. However, the road to the future of EV is battling various challenges. While the government is aggressively promoting EV adoption in India, the inadequate infrastructure, lack of high performing EVs and high upfront cost is causing a major hindrance for its mass adoption. Capital cost has always been a major factor in th Capital cost has always been a major factor in the EV purchase decision, with 63% of consumers believing that an EV is beyond their budget. The lack of adequate charging infrastructure in our country is a huge barrier to increased EV penetration. Compared to traditional petrol stations, charging stations are harder to find, normally limited by investment costs and difficult infrastructure development enabling people to charge where they usually park, at home or at work, which presents its own challenges, such as dealing with multi-tenant buildings, grid-connection management, and charging slot availability. It is anticipated that there will be a shortage of nickel, and scaling up lithium production would be a challenge, leading to supply shortage that may cause manufacturers to use lower-quality mineral inputs, adversely affecting battery performance.

1. DEPARTMENT OF CERAMIC ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ROURKELA
Presented by
Abhishek Kumar
Roll no. 519CR1003
Seminar and Technical Writing (Autumn 2021)
Course Instructor: Prof. Debasish Sarkar
Electric vehicles in India- scope and challenges

2. 1. Introduction
2. Why the need ?
3. Market Scenario
4. Challenges
5. Government Initiatives
6. Measures to boost the industry
7. EV Startup HubsAround the Globe
8. Startups in India
9. Future prospective
Contents
2

3. 3
Introduction
An electric vehicle (EV), having one or more electric
motors or sometimes traction motors for propulsion as an
alternative to the traditional fossil fuel.
In early 1830s, the first electric carriage was built and
later on, the first electric automobile was manufactured
in 1891 in the United States.
EVs will play an important role in moving towards the
initiation of green energy and changing the economy
around the world.
Types of electric Vehicle:
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

4. 4
Why we need EVs?
Image Source: DataAnalysis Labs
 Fast reduction of fossil fuels.
 Purpose of EVs has a significant reduction in air
pollution (CO2 emission) and reduction of crude
oil usage.
 With changing livelihood around the world,
electric vehicle is the need for upcoming
generation.
 Facilitate employment growth employment
growth and economy of country.
 Climate Risk Index 2020 published by German
watch; India’s rank has degraded in world’s
vulnerability ladder from 14th in 2017 to 5th in
2018. So, this is the main reason for India to
build electric vehicles to fight against the reliance
on fossil fuels.

5. 5
Why we need EVs? (Cont.)

6. Electric Bike Petrol Bike
Power: 2 to 4 units of electricity (15 Rs) Fuel: 1 Ltr Petrol (100 Rs approx.)
Range: 100 Km approx. Range: 50 Km/Ltr approx.
Cost: 1 Km = 10-15paise
50,000 Km = 5000Rs
Cost: 1 Km = 2 Rs
50000 Km = 1 Lakh Rs
6
Why we need EVs? (Cont.)

7. 7
14
Out of the 15 most
polluted cities of the
world are in India
36%
Of NOx emissions
in Delhi were due
to vehicles in 2016
Of PM2.5
25% emissions in Delhi
were due to
vehicles in 2016
Why we need EVs? (Cont.)

8. 8
Drivers behind electrification trend
Co2 reduction Potential
Image Source: The Boston Consulting Group

9. 9
Market Scenario : EVs outside India
World investment in EVs increased up to 28% in 2020 year on year to USD
139 billion. BNEF EV outlook claims that the manufacturers have lined up
about 500 EVs to be rolled out by 2022.
In Norway, having highest sales registered as plug-in electric in 2020.
Automobile industry of China is rapidly adopting EVs and having
target to build around 5 lakh public charging stations by 2022.
UK and France are aiming for 100% electric cars by 2040.

10. 10
Market Scenario :
EVs outside India (Cont.)
Image Source: Statista

11. 11
Market Scenario : EVs in India
World’s alarming for rising pollution and the extinct of fossil fuels, India
has delayed to start replacing their alternate way of mobility.
 Presently in India, the EV market shares is about 1% of total vehicle sales in which
95% of shares in electric two-wheelers vehicle sales.
 Govt. of India offered 1100 Cr to TATA Motors Ltd for manufacturing around
10,000 electric cars to inhibit the pollution problems in the cities.
 Govt. of India started FAME II (Faster Adoption and Manufacture of Electric
Vehicles) and also National Electric Mobility Mission policies for increasing the
sales and production of EVs in India.
 Government has also a target to turning all 3-wheelers vehicles to run on batteries by
2023, and similarly, 2-wheelers are aimed at by 2025. .

12. 12
Market Scenario : EVs in India (Cont.)
Image Source: Vahan Dashboard, JMK Research
Regional Registered EV sales from Jan-Dec

13. 13
Challenges in Indian EV Industry
1. Initial cost
2. Limited of choice of EVs
3. Unawareness
4. Rural electricity distribution problem
5. Charging time
6. Limited of EV charging station
7. Customer support and services
8. Anxiety in consumers
9. Limited lithium reserves for battery
production
10.Cost of battery
Although the government push toward electric vehicles and the enthusiasm of the public,
the electric vehicle sector encounters some major problems in the Indian market.
Most common mentioned problems to purchase EVs
in India
Purchase Price
Driving Range
Charging Capability
Charging Infrastructure
Availability
Image Source:ANS MarketProAnalystic

14. 14
Government Initiatives
TUG OFW
AR
The government is in a hurry to set up stiff EV deadlines. Motown India wants a calibrated
approach.Arecent meeting on EVs between NITI Aayog and industry turned frosty
Govt’s push
Worried about pollution and environment
problems created by fossil fuels
Rising oil import bill poses economic and
strategic challenges
There are concerns India might miss the
global EV bus if rules are delayed.
Worried that India Inc may, if left to itself,
move too slow.
Believe Make in India bet needs a concerted
push to catalyze local manufacturing
Industry’s angst
Auto industry is staring at one of the worst
sales slowdowns in its history
Leapfrogging to BS-VI norms already poses
challenges, including Rs 70.000-cr investment
FAME2 just set out an EV road map so a stiff
deadline for EV 2-&-3-wheeler is uncalled
Poor EV ecosystem policy worry capex-
heavy sector that employs millions
Industry prefers tech-agnostic norms;
consider 100% switchover to any technology

15. 15
What India needs to focus on to boost EV Industry ?
Startups will play an important role in developing the electric mobility
sector all over the world.
 Govt. of India should focus on developing R&D facilities for EV ecosystems to
achieve the ‘Make in India’goal.
 Rolling out relaxation to the consumers for buying EVs as well as to the
industries in terms of taxation.
 Charging ecosystem should be quickly developed. So that, the installation of
chargers in parking areas, street areas, and any public space also helps in
promoting EVs.
 Government and industries should have to use aids and promotions to boost the
sales of EVs.

16. 16
India needs to focus on to boost EV Industry (Cont.)
4 key areas where the Government should focus on to accelerate
EV adaption in India
Building Infra-
structure
for charging
Capital
Access
for small
businesses and
startups
Policy
Changes
for permit & land
allotment to set up
EV
Promoting
Mobility
as a Service like
incentives

17. 17
EV Startup Hubs Around the Globe

18. 18
Major Startups in India
Company Brief Profile Major Funding
Ather
Energy
Based in Bengaluru & founded by Tarun Mehta
and Swapnil Jainin 2013 with focus in Electric
Scooter.
Hero Moto corp. and Mr. Sachin Bansal
invested $51-million in May 2019.
Yulu Based in Bengaluru & founded byAmit Gupta
in 2017 with focus in Electric Scooter.
BajajAuto invested $8-million in Nov2019.
Ola Electric
Mobility
Based in Bengaluru & co-founded by Ankit
Jainin 2017 with focus in e-rickshaws, autos
and cars.
Soft Bank Corp, the Arun Sarin family,
Ratan Tata and Matrix invested $306-million
in two tranches-$56million in February 2019
and $250 million in July 2019.

19. 19
Major Startups in India (Cont.)
Company Brief Profile Major Funding
BattRE Based in Jaipur & founded by Nishchal
Chaudhary in 2017 with focus in Electric
Scooter.
Former Tata Motors 'President Gajendra
Chandel invested an undisclosed amount
and the company plans to raise Rs.7 crore
by the year ending 2020.
E-Trio Based in Hyderabad & founded by
Satyapoorna ChanderYalamanchili in 2017
with focus in Electric Cars.
Around Rs. 10 crore through various
investors.
SmartE Based in Delhi & co-founded by Goldie
Srivastava in 2014 with focus in e-rickshaw.
Japanese conglomerate Mitsui &
Coinvested $15-million in July 2019.

20. 20
Pillars of Electric Mobility Ecosystem
4 Pillars
RE-ENERGISING
SYSTEMS
Charging and swapping
infrastructure
OTHER FACTORS
Manufacturing capacity,
research and development,
power grid
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
All-electric, plug-in hybrid,
hybrid
BATTERIES
Lithium Ion batteries –
NMC, LTO, LFP
Battery Management System

21. 21
Future perspective
With decreasing the price of batteries by nearly 70% since 2012, electric vehicles
are probably to be as low-priced as fuel-power-driven vehicles within a year.
 Capitalization of the rising players like Ola and Uber, as well as food delivery
companies, is also likely to help in the development of two-and four-wheeled EVs.
 If the government’s 2030 goals are achieved, then India could save Rs.10 lakh crore
expenditure on gasoline and crude oil imports. Nowadays, the development of charging
stations for e-mobility is the only main challenge.
 Delhi recently developed charging stations space for e-rickshaws.

22. 22
Future perspective (Cont.)
 More initiative like NTPC has already developed its first indoor space charging
station in Vishakhapatnam having facilities to charge more than two electric
vehicles at the same time.
 Recently, the lead-acid batteries problem was solved by using carbon additives
which shows the enhanced electrochemical performance of the batteries helps in
increasing the sales and production of personal and commercial electric vehicles
too.
 Lithium-ion batteries are featured for fast charging and high electrochemical
performance and having high demand in the latest electric vehicles. More
developments in cathode materials, such as increasing nickel content, can
improve their performance, safety, and capacity retention.

23. 23
References
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h1/1748428/
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4. https://www.cars24.com/blog/delhi-ev-policy-subsidy-for-electric-cars-upto-1-5-lakhs-and-more-benefits/
5. https://ecogears.in/top-10-challenges-for-electric-vehicles-in-india/
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capital-of-indiacm/70921525
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24. Thankyou…