India traditionally has been belligerent to any changes. But with the need to curb environmental emissions it has been identified that there is a need to switch from ICE vehicles to Electric Vehicles. This switch is eminent and a necessity in order to fight the climatic and environmental changes which is affecting all living life whether in land, water or air. It is a fact that with substantial shift in the automobile industry towards Electric Vehicles disruption in the automobile supply Chain in imminent. It is true that for those suppliers who are heavily leveraged and unable to adapt it could spell a disastrous financial troubles ahead. This study is an attempt to identify how production and supply of electric vehicles will impact the traditional supply chain in India and suggest ways and methods to incorporate the changes. An attempt has also been made in this study to identify the perception of individuals regarding Electric Vehicle. Because it is the people's choice which will lead to boon or bane for this segment of automobiles. Anuj Vishwamohan Nair "A Study on Customer Perception of Electric Vehicle and Its Impact on Traditional Supply Chain in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47516.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/47516/a-study-on-customer-perception-of-electric-vehicle-and-its-impact-on-traditional-supply-chain-in-india/anuj-vishwamohan-nair
The document summarizes a research project report on the future of electric vehicles submitted for a bachelor's degree. It includes an acknowledgement section thanking those who supported the project. The objectives section outlines the goals of studying consumer perceptions and expectations of electric vehicles. An executive summary provides an overview of the automotive industry in India and electric vehicle market.
Future-of-Electric-Vehicles in future generationFeelthebeats3
1) The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the future of electric vehicles. It discusses the history and development of EVs, key factors driving their adoption, policies supporting EVs in India, major players in the Indian EV market, and future projections for EV sales and infrastructure growth.
2) Key topics covered include carbon emission reductions from EVs, India's EV policy roadmap and state-level policies, the growing EV components industry, challenges around electricity demand and grid capacity for widespread EV adoption.
3) In conclusion, the presenter believes government support through policy reforms and incentives can help boost the EV market, though challenges around vehicle range and pricing remain barriers that need to be addressed for mass adoption.
India offers the world’s largest untapped EV market, especially in the two-wheeler segment. With several automakers rolling out EV vehicles at a rapid pace, the penetration of these vehicles has increased significantly in the past few years. As per a recent study, electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to be worth around at least ₹475 billion by 2025. The penetration of electric two-wheelers is projected to reach up to 15% by 2025 from 1% currently.
As business activities gain pace and the Indian economy rebounds its way in 2022, the auto industry is set to enter a new phase of growth, innovation and investment. However, the road to the future of EV is battling various challenges. While the government is aggressively promoting EV adoption in India, the inadequate infrastructure, lack of high performing EVs and high upfront cost is causing a major hindrance for its mass adoption.
Capital cost has always been a major factor in th
Capital cost has always been a major factor in the EV purchase decision, with 63% of consumers believing that an EV is beyond their budget. The lack of adequate charging infrastructure in our country is a huge barrier to increased EV penetration. Compared to traditional petrol stations, charging stations are harder to find, normally limited by investment costs and difficult infrastructure development enabling people to charge where they usually park, at home or at work, which presents its own challenges, such as dealing with multi-tenant buildings, grid-connection management, and charging slot availability. It is anticipated that there will be a shortage of nickel, and scaling up lithium production would be a challenge, leading to supply shortage that may cause manufacturers to use lower-quality mineral inputs, adversely affecting battery performance.
The document outlines India's vision to transition to 100% electric vehicles by 2047, the 100th anniversary of India's independence. It discusses the current low penetration of electric vehicles in India and the need for strong policy support to accelerate adoption. The auto industry commits to supporting the government's goal of increasing electric vehicle usage, with targets of 100% electric public transport by 2030, 40% of private vehicles being electric by 2030, and fully electric new vehicle sales by 2047. The document calls for collaboration between industry, government, and other stakeholders to realize this vision through policy interventions, investments, and developing electric vehicle manufacturing capabilities in India.
Electric vehicles in India- scope and challengesAbhishek Kumar
Importance of EVs, Market Scenario and Government of India Initiatives. EVs will play an important role in moving towards the initiation of green energy and changing the economy around the world.
India has launched initiatives like the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 to promote electric vehicles (EVs) and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The government aims to have only EVs on the road by 2030. EVs include all-electric vehicles that run only on batteries as well as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that have both electric and combustion engines. Challenges include developing charging infrastructure and managing the grid integration of EVs, establishing domestic battery manufacturing facilities, and clarifying regulations. Companies are working to set up charging stations while the government is procuring EVs for its fleet. EVs are expected to become more affordable and adoption to increase with supportive policies.
Two-Wheelers Electric vehicles Outlook in India | Report RedSeer
The document discusses the history and growth of electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) in India. It begins with the global origins of electric vehicles in the late 18th/early 19th century. It then covers the key milestones in India, including the first EVs introduced in 1996, government initiatives like FAME I and II starting in 2015, and the recent rapid growth since 2017. The adoption of E2Ws is seen as pivotal to reducing emissions and fuel imports in India given its large two-wheeler market size. The total EV penetration in India reached around 3.2% in 2022, with E2Ws representing around 4% of that figure.
The document is a management research report on the Indian electric vehicle industry. It provides an overview of the industry, including key statistics and the major players in India. It discusses the types of electric vehicles and charging levels. The global and Indian electric vehicle markets are analyzed and projected to grow significantly due to government subsidies and initiatives to promote electric vehicles. Challenges to electric vehicle adoption in India include lack of charging infrastructure and the need for technological advancements.
The document summarizes a research project report on the future of electric vehicles submitted for a bachelor's degree. It includes an acknowledgement section thanking those who supported the project. The objectives section outlines the goals of studying consumer perceptions and expectations of electric vehicles. An executive summary provides an overview of the automotive industry in India and electric vehicle market.
Future-of-Electric-Vehicles in future generationFeelthebeats3
1) The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the future of electric vehicles. It discusses the history and development of EVs, key factors driving their adoption, policies supporting EVs in India, major players in the Indian EV market, and future projections for EV sales and infrastructure growth.
2) Key topics covered include carbon emission reductions from EVs, India's EV policy roadmap and state-level policies, the growing EV components industry, challenges around electricity demand and grid capacity for widespread EV adoption.
3) In conclusion, the presenter believes government support through policy reforms and incentives can help boost the EV market, though challenges around vehicle range and pricing remain barriers that need to be addressed for mass adoption.
India offers the world’s largest untapped EV market, especially in the two-wheeler segment. With several automakers rolling out EV vehicles at a rapid pace, the penetration of these vehicles has increased significantly in the past few years. As per a recent study, electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to be worth around at least ₹475 billion by 2025. The penetration of electric two-wheelers is projected to reach up to 15% by 2025 from 1% currently.
As business activities gain pace and the Indian economy rebounds its way in 2022, the auto industry is set to enter a new phase of growth, innovation and investment. However, the road to the future of EV is battling various challenges. While the government is aggressively promoting EV adoption in India, the inadequate infrastructure, lack of high performing EVs and high upfront cost is causing a major hindrance for its mass adoption.
Capital cost has always been a major factor in th
Capital cost has always been a major factor in the EV purchase decision, with 63% of consumers believing that an EV is beyond their budget. The lack of adequate charging infrastructure in our country is a huge barrier to increased EV penetration. Compared to traditional petrol stations, charging stations are harder to find, normally limited by investment costs and difficult infrastructure development enabling people to charge where they usually park, at home or at work, which presents its own challenges, such as dealing with multi-tenant buildings, grid-connection management, and charging slot availability. It is anticipated that there will be a shortage of nickel, and scaling up lithium production would be a challenge, leading to supply shortage that may cause manufacturers to use lower-quality mineral inputs, adversely affecting battery performance.
The document outlines India's vision to transition to 100% electric vehicles by 2047, the 100th anniversary of India's independence. It discusses the current low penetration of electric vehicles in India and the need for strong policy support to accelerate adoption. The auto industry commits to supporting the government's goal of increasing electric vehicle usage, with targets of 100% electric public transport by 2030, 40% of private vehicles being electric by 2030, and fully electric new vehicle sales by 2047. The document calls for collaboration between industry, government, and other stakeholders to realize this vision through policy interventions, investments, and developing electric vehicle manufacturing capabilities in India.
Electric vehicles in India- scope and challengesAbhishek Kumar
Importance of EVs, Market Scenario and Government of India Initiatives. EVs will play an important role in moving towards the initiation of green energy and changing the economy around the world.
India has launched initiatives like the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 to promote electric vehicles (EVs) and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The government aims to have only EVs on the road by 2030. EVs include all-electric vehicles that run only on batteries as well as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that have both electric and combustion engines. Challenges include developing charging infrastructure and managing the grid integration of EVs, establishing domestic battery manufacturing facilities, and clarifying regulations. Companies are working to set up charging stations while the government is procuring EVs for its fleet. EVs are expected to become more affordable and adoption to increase with supportive policies.
Two-Wheelers Electric vehicles Outlook in India | Report RedSeer
The document discusses the history and growth of electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) in India. It begins with the global origins of electric vehicles in the late 18th/early 19th century. It then covers the key milestones in India, including the first EVs introduced in 1996, government initiatives like FAME I and II starting in 2015, and the recent rapid growth since 2017. The adoption of E2Ws is seen as pivotal to reducing emissions and fuel imports in India given its large two-wheeler market size. The total EV penetration in India reached around 3.2% in 2022, with E2Ws representing around 4% of that figure.
The document is a management research report on the Indian electric vehicle industry. It provides an overview of the industry, including key statistics and the major players in India. It discusses the types of electric vehicles and charging levels. The global and Indian electric vehicle markets are analyzed and projected to grow significantly due to government subsidies and initiatives to promote electric vehicles. Challenges to electric vehicle adoption in India include lack of charging infrastructure and the need for technological advancements.
Strategy for Adoption of Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles in Urban Markets of IndiaRajesh Gusain
This paper attempts to evaluate the adoption strategy in the short to medium term to drive demand for the electric vehicle in urban transportation markets in India.
Thanks to the overwhelming response to our first report, we have had to quickly bring out an update. Have tried to incorporate all your suggestions and comments on the first report and it has allowed us to refresh some other data too.
Future Advancements of Electric Vehicles in India: A Technological ReviewIRJTAE
Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining significant traction globally as a sustainable alternative to traditional internal
combustion engine vehicles. In the context of India, the adoption of EVs is seen as crucial for reducing air
pollution, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, and achieving long-term sustainability goals. This review paper
explores the current state of electric vehicles in India, analyzes the challenges hindering their widespread
adoption, and discusses potential future advancements that could propel the EV industry forward in the country.
By examining technological innovations, policy initiatives, infrastructure development, and market trends, this
paper provides insights into the promising future of electric mobility in India
1) Electric 3-wheelers are expected to become more common in India, growing the electric rickshaw market to $1.85 billion by 2026.
2) Government policies in India focus on subsidizing electric public vehicles like buses and 3-wheelers rather than personal electric cars.
3) Electrification of transportation will help India save billions spent on importing oil and meet its goal of net zero emissions by 2070.
This document summarizes a research paper on the adoption of electric vehicles in India. It finds that while the Indian government aims to promote electric vehicles, adoption rates remain low at 1% in 2020. Through a literature review and survey questions, it identifies several key barriers to electric vehicle adoption in India, including high initial costs, battery life and charging time, lack of charging infrastructure, unclear government policies, and lack of consumer awareness and knowledge about electric vehicles. The research aims to help automobile manufacturers and policymakers better understand consumer perceptions and address barriers to increasing electric vehicle adoption in India.
Reality and Future of Electrical Vehicles in India: Review ArticleIRJET Journal
Electric vehicles are still in their infancy stage in India due to a lack of domestic lithium production and high battery costs. Most electricity in India is currently produced from coal, which has environmental impacts. While electric vehicles have benefits like lower emissions and fuel costs, India faces challenges in expanding electric vehicle adoption like inadequate charging infrastructure, uncertainty around technology developments, and ensuring sufficient power generation from renewable sources to support electric transportation. Proper planning of renewable energy and electric vehicle development is needed to balance environmental and economic factors.
India is emerging as a strong market for electric vehicles due to business opportunities in the automotive sector. The Indian government has initiatives like FAME and NEMMP to promote EVs and aims for 30% adoption by 2030. Major players in EVs include Mahindra Electric and Tata Motors. Challenges include developing policies and infrastructure like charging stations, as the Indian EV market is still immature compared to countries like Norway.
This report provides you an insight about India’s position in world market and its capacity to sustain in the future. India serves a huge potential for EV sector to grow provided its consumption of lithium batteries. India also serves as a huge market for other companies to invest in India’s EV sector and merchandise its products, due to lacking of prudent reforms for EV sector and charging infrastructure in India. This report also provides the number of vehicles registered in each EV segment and which segment has potential to grow more and which state has more potential for EV sector and current data of well off state in EV sector. EV charging infrastructure and batteries market shows that India is a potential consumer of lithium ion batteries, imported from China. Government has introduced some policies and finance assistance to the automobile producers to produce EVs and allocating separate budget for EV production. Mahindra Electronics and Tata Motors has initiated their operations in EV sector and planning to increases their capacity in various other big cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Karnataka etc. Mahindra has its maximum installed capacity at Bangalore city, which provides a sustainable environment to conduct EV business. Mahindra and Tata both Indian multinational companies are at the frontline of EV business in India.
The document discusses the growing global electric vehicle market and infrastructure needs. Some key points:
- Electric vehicle sales doubled in 2021 to over 6.6 million units sold globally, with nearly 10% of car sales being electric.
- Major public spending on EV subsidies nearly doubled to $30 billion in 2021.
- However, EV adoption is still low in emerging markets where models are unaffordable for most. Less than 0.5% of sales are electric in countries like India, Brazil, and Indonesia.
- Expanding charging infrastructure and promoting adoption in developing countries are seen as important to further accelerate the EV transition globally.
The document provides an overview of the electric vehicle industry in India. It discusses the growth of EV sales in recent years, key players, opportunities and challenges. The government has introduced various incentives like subsidies under FAME schemes to boost adoption. However, challenges remain around supply chain issues, lack of charging infrastructure and skilled workforce. The outlook is positive as battery prices decline and more policies are expected to further promote EVs in India.
The document discusses electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. It provides details on the types of electric vehicles, their components like electric motors and batteries. It explains the benefits of electric vehicles like higher energy efficiency, regenerative braking, and quiet operation. However, it also mentions challenges like limited driving range due to low battery energy density and long charging times. The document discusses different types of batteries used in electric vehicles and their characteristics. It provides a comparison of the energy efficiency and emissions of electric vehicles versus gasoline vehicles.
The document discusses electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. It provides details on the types of electric vehicles, their components like electric motors and batteries. It explains the benefits of electric vehicles like higher energy efficiency, regenerative braking, and quiet operation. However, it also mentions challenges like limited driving range due to low battery energy density and long charging times. The document provides a comprehensive overview of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.
The document discusses the opportunities and growth of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. It notes that EVs have significant potential as fossil fuels are limited, and EVs can be generated through various means with less global warming. The Indian government is prioritizing the shift to EVs to meet carbon reduction targets. In the 2019 budget, Rs. 10,000 crore was allocated to the FAME II scheme to accelerate EV adoption. Major automakers are introducing new EV models for the Indian market in response to government support and changing consumer preferences. However, challenges remain around developing charging infrastructure nationwide and lowering battery costs to boost widespread EV adoption in India.
Current status of electric vehicle in Indian market, this presentation contains all about electric vehicle charging technologies, range, batteries, key players, government policies and incentives
The document discusses the history and future of electric vehicles. It provides background on the types of electric vehicles and summarizes key policies to promote electric vehicle adoption in India. Some of the major points include:
- Electric vehicles were first developed in the 1830s but gained more widespread use starting in the late 19th century. Modern lithium-ion batteries enabled a resurgence in electric vehicles in the 1990s.
- The Indian government has implemented various policies like FAME I and II to incentivize electric vehicle purchases and set adoption targets. Several state governments have also introduced EV policies and incentives.
- Electric vehicle sales in India have increased in recent years but still make up a small fraction of the overall
The overall share of EVs in India's auto sales has risen sharply to 6.38% in 2023 from 1.75% in 2021, reflecting a growing consumer preference for electric vehicles over a two-year period. According to category-wise data, two-wheelers (2W) and three-wheelers (3W) experienced growth of 37% and 66%.
The electric vehicles market in India is currently small but expected to grow substantially over the next decade. Current market share is less than 0.1% but demand is estimated to increase 50 times by 2020 to 5 million units according to industry studies. The market is dominated by electric two-wheelers and led by Mahindra Reva in passenger electric cars. Growth will depend on continued government support through incentives coupled with advances in battery technology and industry investments. However, high prices, lack of charging infrastructure, and customer acceptance remain key challenges.
This document provides an overview of the automotive industry in India and discusses electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. It notes that India has one of the largest automotive markets in the world. It then discusses the major automotive manufacturing clusters in India and lists some of the major electric vehicle manufacturers. Finally, it provides a list of passenger vehicle, two-wheeler, and commercial vehicle manufacturing facilities in India.
This document is a mini project report submitted by Ashish Mishra for their Masters in Business Administration program. The report explores innovation in electric vehicles across India. It includes an introduction, 10 chapters on various aspects of electric vehicle innovation and development, and conclusions. It was conducted under the supervision of Mr. Prakash Kundnani and acknowledges the contributions of others involved in the project.
Electric vehicles are becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. The Indian government has implemented several policies and initiatives to promote electric vehicle adoption, including the FAME program and state-level EV policies. However, electric vehicles still only account for a small fraction of the automotive market in India. Continued government support through subsidies and incentives along with advances in battery technology that lower costs will be needed to accelerate electric vehicle adoption in India.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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This paper attempts to evaluate the adoption strategy in the short to medium term to drive demand for the electric vehicle in urban transportation markets in India.
Thanks to the overwhelming response to our first report, we have had to quickly bring out an update. Have tried to incorporate all your suggestions and comments on the first report and it has allowed us to refresh some other data too.
Future Advancements of Electric Vehicles in India: A Technological ReviewIRJTAE
Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining significant traction globally as a sustainable alternative to traditional internal
combustion engine vehicles. In the context of India, the adoption of EVs is seen as crucial for reducing air
pollution, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, and achieving long-term sustainability goals. This review paper
explores the current state of electric vehicles in India, analyzes the challenges hindering their widespread
adoption, and discusses potential future advancements that could propel the EV industry forward in the country.
By examining technological innovations, policy initiatives, infrastructure development, and market trends, this
paper provides insights into the promising future of electric mobility in India
1) Electric 3-wheelers are expected to become more common in India, growing the electric rickshaw market to $1.85 billion by 2026.
2) Government policies in India focus on subsidizing electric public vehicles like buses and 3-wheelers rather than personal electric cars.
3) Electrification of transportation will help India save billions spent on importing oil and meet its goal of net zero emissions by 2070.
This document summarizes a research paper on the adoption of electric vehicles in India. It finds that while the Indian government aims to promote electric vehicles, adoption rates remain low at 1% in 2020. Through a literature review and survey questions, it identifies several key barriers to electric vehicle adoption in India, including high initial costs, battery life and charging time, lack of charging infrastructure, unclear government policies, and lack of consumer awareness and knowledge about electric vehicles. The research aims to help automobile manufacturers and policymakers better understand consumer perceptions and address barriers to increasing electric vehicle adoption in India.
Reality and Future of Electrical Vehicles in India: Review ArticleIRJET Journal
Electric vehicles are still in their infancy stage in India due to a lack of domestic lithium production and high battery costs. Most electricity in India is currently produced from coal, which has environmental impacts. While electric vehicles have benefits like lower emissions and fuel costs, India faces challenges in expanding electric vehicle adoption like inadequate charging infrastructure, uncertainty around technology developments, and ensuring sufficient power generation from renewable sources to support electric transportation. Proper planning of renewable energy and electric vehicle development is needed to balance environmental and economic factors.
India is emerging as a strong market for electric vehicles due to business opportunities in the automotive sector. The Indian government has initiatives like FAME and NEMMP to promote EVs and aims for 30% adoption by 2030. Major players in EVs include Mahindra Electric and Tata Motors. Challenges include developing policies and infrastructure like charging stations, as the Indian EV market is still immature compared to countries like Norway.
This report provides you an insight about India’s position in world market and its capacity to sustain in the future. India serves a huge potential for EV sector to grow provided its consumption of lithium batteries. India also serves as a huge market for other companies to invest in India’s EV sector and merchandise its products, due to lacking of prudent reforms for EV sector and charging infrastructure in India. This report also provides the number of vehicles registered in each EV segment and which segment has potential to grow more and which state has more potential for EV sector and current data of well off state in EV sector. EV charging infrastructure and batteries market shows that India is a potential consumer of lithium ion batteries, imported from China. Government has introduced some policies and finance assistance to the automobile producers to produce EVs and allocating separate budget for EV production. Mahindra Electronics and Tata Motors has initiated their operations in EV sector and planning to increases their capacity in various other big cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Karnataka etc. Mahindra has its maximum installed capacity at Bangalore city, which provides a sustainable environment to conduct EV business. Mahindra and Tata both Indian multinational companies are at the frontline of EV business in India.
The document discusses the growing global electric vehicle market and infrastructure needs. Some key points:
- Electric vehicle sales doubled in 2021 to over 6.6 million units sold globally, with nearly 10% of car sales being electric.
- Major public spending on EV subsidies nearly doubled to $30 billion in 2021.
- However, EV adoption is still low in emerging markets where models are unaffordable for most. Less than 0.5% of sales are electric in countries like India, Brazil, and Indonesia.
- Expanding charging infrastructure and promoting adoption in developing countries are seen as important to further accelerate the EV transition globally.
The document provides an overview of the electric vehicle industry in India. It discusses the growth of EV sales in recent years, key players, opportunities and challenges. The government has introduced various incentives like subsidies under FAME schemes to boost adoption. However, challenges remain around supply chain issues, lack of charging infrastructure and skilled workforce. The outlook is positive as battery prices decline and more policies are expected to further promote EVs in India.
The document discusses electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. It provides details on the types of electric vehicles, their components like electric motors and batteries. It explains the benefits of electric vehicles like higher energy efficiency, regenerative braking, and quiet operation. However, it also mentions challenges like limited driving range due to low battery energy density and long charging times. The document discusses different types of batteries used in electric vehicles and their characteristics. It provides a comparison of the energy efficiency and emissions of electric vehicles versus gasoline vehicles.
The document discusses electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. It provides details on the types of electric vehicles, their components like electric motors and batteries. It explains the benefits of electric vehicles like higher energy efficiency, regenerative braking, and quiet operation. However, it also mentions challenges like limited driving range due to low battery energy density and long charging times. The document provides a comprehensive overview of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.
The document discusses the opportunities and growth of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. It notes that EVs have significant potential as fossil fuels are limited, and EVs can be generated through various means with less global warming. The Indian government is prioritizing the shift to EVs to meet carbon reduction targets. In the 2019 budget, Rs. 10,000 crore was allocated to the FAME II scheme to accelerate EV adoption. Major automakers are introducing new EV models for the Indian market in response to government support and changing consumer preferences. However, challenges remain around developing charging infrastructure nationwide and lowering battery costs to boost widespread EV adoption in India.
Current status of electric vehicle in Indian market, this presentation contains all about electric vehicle charging technologies, range, batteries, key players, government policies and incentives
The document discusses the history and future of electric vehicles. It provides background on the types of electric vehicles and summarizes key policies to promote electric vehicle adoption in India. Some of the major points include:
- Electric vehicles were first developed in the 1830s but gained more widespread use starting in the late 19th century. Modern lithium-ion batteries enabled a resurgence in electric vehicles in the 1990s.
- The Indian government has implemented various policies like FAME I and II to incentivize electric vehicle purchases and set adoption targets. Several state governments have also introduced EV policies and incentives.
- Electric vehicle sales in India have increased in recent years but still make up a small fraction of the overall
The overall share of EVs in India's auto sales has risen sharply to 6.38% in 2023 from 1.75% in 2021, reflecting a growing consumer preference for electric vehicles over a two-year period. According to category-wise data, two-wheelers (2W) and three-wheelers (3W) experienced growth of 37% and 66%.
The electric vehicles market in India is currently small but expected to grow substantially over the next decade. Current market share is less than 0.1% but demand is estimated to increase 50 times by 2020 to 5 million units according to industry studies. The market is dominated by electric two-wheelers and led by Mahindra Reva in passenger electric cars. Growth will depend on continued government support through incentives coupled with advances in battery technology and industry investments. However, high prices, lack of charging infrastructure, and customer acceptance remain key challenges.
This document provides an overview of the automotive industry in India and discusses electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. It notes that India has one of the largest automotive markets in the world. It then discusses the major automotive manufacturing clusters in India and lists some of the major electric vehicle manufacturers. Finally, it provides a list of passenger vehicle, two-wheeler, and commercial vehicle manufacturing facilities in India.
This document is a mini project report submitted by Ashish Mishra for their Masters in Business Administration program. The report explores innovation in electric vehicles across India. It includes an introduction, 10 chapters on various aspects of electric vehicle innovation and development, and conclusions. It was conducted under the supervision of Mr. Prakash Kundnani and acknowledges the contributions of others involved in the project.
Electric vehicles are becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. The Indian government has implemented several policies and initiatives to promote electric vehicle adoption, including the FAME program and state-level EV policies. However, electric vehicles still only account for a small fraction of the automotive market in India. Continued government support through subsidies and incentives along with advances in battery technology that lower costs will be needed to accelerate electric vehicle adoption in India.
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‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
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Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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exporter the growth expectations of automobile
industry in India is showing a strong expectation in
the future. There have be numerous initiatives by the
Government of India and also the Automobile major
payers in making India a leader in two-wheeler an
four-wheeler market in near future. In the years
between 2020 nearly 26.36 million vehicles have
been manufactured in India which is showing a
exponential growth of 2.36%CAGR between 2016-
2020. In passenger car sales small and mid size cars
have dominated the market. Two wheelers and
passenger cars cumulatively have a sale of over 20.1
million in 2020, with passenger vehicle sale showing
a 14.91% increase over last year. Automobile export
have registered 4.77 million vehicles in 2020 with
highest export of 73.9% in two wheelers followed by
passenger vehicle 14.2%, three wheelers10.5% and
commercial vehicles 1.3%.
1.1.3. Growth in Electric Vehicle Segment in
India
Electric Vehicles in two wheeler segment in India had
a growth of 20% reaching to 1.56 units in the year
2020. It is estimated that the electric vehicle segment
in the automobile industry will reach Rs. 3.7 lakh
crores by the year 2030 i.e. in the next ten years.
This can be estimated due to the increase in FDI in
the automobile industry and especially in electric
vehicle and electric vehicle component industry. In
Feb. 2021 Delhi Government has started process to
set up 100 vehicle battery charging points across
Delhi and surrounding regions in order to push
acceptance of electric vehicles among consumers.
Also in Jan 2021 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
announced investment of US$250 million to expand
its product line-up in India to included Electric
Vehicles. It is estimated that a cumulative investment
of Rs.12.5 trillion will be needed in changing vehicle
production and infrastructure required until 2030 to
meet the challenging Electric Vehicle target in India.
Electric Automotive leader Tesla has announced the
setting up of R&D facilities in Benguluru in Jan 2021
which has been registered under Tesla India Motors
and Energy Private Ltd. Kinetic Green and electric
vehicles manufacturer has announced the setting up
of a manufacturing facility for electric golf carts and a
battery swapping unit in Andhra Pradesh.
Indian Companies such as Ultraviolette Automotive
have also raised substantial investment for
manufacturer of electric motorcycle. Toyota Kirloskar
Motors, Mahindra and Mahindra, Lithium Urban
Technologies, Tata Autocomp Systems have all
collaborated with major global players towards
electric vehicles, electric components technology and
infrastructure.
1.1.4. Government Initiatives in Electric Vehicle
Segment
Since the year 2008 various initiatives have been
introduced by Government of India to promote
demand of Electric Vehicles. In the year 2008-09 the
Central Government of Indian announced a subsidy
of $80 for those who purchased electric vehicle but
this failed to gain momentum as it was very poorly
funded and this was shoveled in 2012. Then in the
year 2015 GOI launched FAME India Initiative under
NEMMP(National Electric Mobility Mission) to
provide subsidy to manufacturers and buyers of
electric and hybrid vehicles.
1.2. Supply Chain Model
1.2.1. Traditional Supply Chain Model in
automobile segment
A traditional supply chain includes the supplier who
supplies raw materials or semi finished goods to
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers). These
raw materials or semi finished goods are then
manufactured or assembled into final products by the
manufacturers and sent to wholesaler or trader who
forwards the same to a dealer or retailer and finally
the product or good is delivered to customer. In
automotive Industry the traditional supply chain
model can be bifurcated into 4 tiers. The first Tier
consists of pre-assembled modules, Second tier
consists of sub-assemblies, third tier consist of
components and parts and fourth tier consists of raw
material and single parts. The whole system is
arranged in a pyramid with the OEM on the tip of
pyramid followed in downward direction by 1st
, 2nd,
3rd and 4th
Tier respectively. The main focus of this
system is to focus on processes that are needed to
maintain supply to customer’s demands, allows
maximum usage of inventory held and minimize any
wastage or delay. Each member of the automotive
supply chain model is connected to other parts of the
supply chain by flow of materials, orders, money and
information. Thus flexibility and dexterity is
considered important in this supply chain.
1.2.2. Electric vehicle and supply chain model
Electric Vehicle poses significant challenge to auto
suppliers. Adaptability and flexibility will be needed
in order to cater to the demand of supplying of parts
of an electric vehicle. Auto suppliers of vehicles
exhaust systems; fuel systems and transmissions face
considerable challenge. Technical knowhow and
digitalization will be required by the auto suppliers all
tiers. Moreover automotive supply chain has a global
nature and has great impact in changing internal
combustion engine (ICE) of an automobile into
electric engine. Auto companies and its ancillaries
will have to invest heavily in technologies related to
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electric systems and Research and Development will
take a major chunk of all resources. Right from
sourcing decisions to production tremendous changes
has to be incorporated. Key differences between the
maker of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion
engine Vehicles will identify the suppliers who will
be at the most risk. The radical difference between the
two engines with the Electric vehicles being rather
simpler than the traditions ICE engines wherein
Electric Vehicle engines require far fewer
components that the traditional ICE. Electric Vehicle
Engines have single-speed transmission and there is
no need for turbo or superchargers and EVs don’t
require exhaust systems to remove waste gases. In
addition as compared to traditional ICE engines EVs
have only three moving pars as compared to the
traditional cylinder internal-combustion engine in
ICE. But alternatively requirements in chassis, body,
interior components, litium-ion battery packs will
increase with EV vehicles. Suppliers and makers of
battery packs have been outside the auto supplier line
but with EVs they will have to be included thus
creating new challenges. It is a fact that with
substantial shift in the automobile industry towards
Electric Vehicles disruption in the automobile supply
Chain in imminent . It is true that for those suppliers
who are heavily leveraged and unable to adapt it
could spell a disastrous financial troubles ahead.
1.3. Research Problem
India traditionally has been belligerent to any
changes. But with the need to curb environmental
emissions it has been identified that there is a need to
switch from ICE vehicles to Electric Vehicles. This
switch is eminent and a necessity in order to fight the
climatic and environmental changes which is
affecting all living life whether in land, water or air.
But how the traditional auto supply chain model will
be affected and what are the ways in which the auto
suppliers can overcome this obstacle keeping in toe
with the changes. It is also identified that electric
vehicle will be successful only if and when it meets
the perception of its customers and in order to
develop the market a smooth flow in supply chain as
well as flow of knowledge is required.
1.4. Objectives of Study
The objectives of this study
To study the impact of electric Vehicles on the
traditional auto supply chain model in India.
To understand customer’s perception with respect
to Electric Vehicles
1.5. Hypothesis
H1: Electric Vehicle will have positive impact on
traditional auto supply chain model
H0: Electric Vehicle will have negative impact on
traditional auto supply chain model.
H2: Customers have a positive perception toward
Electric Vehicle
H0: Customers have a negative perception towards
Electric Vehicle
1.6. Limitations of Study
This study is based on primary data collected through
circulation of questionnaire via google form and
secondary data which is collected through various
newspaper articles, research papers, government
publications, government bodies, automobile industry
publication.
The primary data was obtained to understand the
people’s perception on electric vehicle majority of the
findings is based on secondary database.
1.7. Flow of the paper
This study starts with introducing the concept of
Electric Vehicle and Supply Chain in the automobile
industry. Further it elaborates how the electric vehicle
will impact the traditional supply chain of auto
suppliers. Objective of the study is formed and
Research problem is identified. Hypothesis is formed
to substantiate the study. Limitations are identified
and put forth.
After introduction a brief literature review is done on
any past or existing study/research conducted in this
area. Literature review is followed by research
methodology wherein the method of research for this
study has been explained in detailed. After research
methodology data is analyzed and interpretation is
derived on the basis of various analyses, findings on
the basis of data interpretation are put forth in the
paper. On the findings conclusions are drawn and
suitable observations are made.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. According to the findings of NITI AYOG and
Rocky Mountain Institutes on ‘Valuing society First :
An assessment of the potential for Feebate policy in
India’a carefully designed feebate market based
policy which combines rebates to reward energy
efficient or environmentally friendly investments or
practices is necessary in order to promote clean
mobility and prosperous economy via electric
vehicles. India’s growing automotive sector is
conducive to support this initiative. The major step in
this area will be to promote technical design,
development and research. Setting up a highly
professional body in order to develop this initiative is
highly conducive.
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2.2. In the research paper ‘Sustainable supply chain
management in automotive Industry: a process
oriented review’ by S. Maryam Masoumi,
NimaKazemi and SalwaHanim Abdul-Rashid in
MDPI, 19TH
July 2019, it has been identified that
feebate policy involving rebates and rewards to
companies adopting market-based environmentally
friendly investments and practices should be adopted
whereas simultaneously adopting stricter practices
and penalizing inefficient and environmentally
harmful ones will promote environment conscious
and sustainable organizations.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study was conducted first by identifying the
issues related to challenges faced by traditional
supply chain for automobile industryin India with the
advent of Electric Vehicle. It was identified that in
spite of the fact that government has started the
initiative of introducing Electric Vehicle the adoption
of requisite technology by auto and auto ancillary
industries required lot of efforts therebyimpacting the
traditional supply chain.
3.1. Type of research conducted for this study
Descriptive research was conducted as this research is
based on previously published research and reports
and it analyses the changes occurring due to change
in time period and macro factors effecting the
automobile industries.
3.2. Research methodologies utilized
For this study the researcher has adopted both
primary and secondary data and analyzed the
information of the data to arrive at conclusion.
Secondary database acquired through online and
offline sources, newspaper articles, research paper,
statistics of Government and Private bodies was
sourced and studied for identifying the changing
patterns. Primary data base was collected through
structured questionnaire to identify customer
perception with regards to electric Vehicle since
automobile industry is completely customer oriented
any impact on customer’s perception changes the
demand thereby the supply.
For collection of primary data, non-probability
sampling technique was utilized wherein judgmental
sampling method was used to collect data.
3.3. Analysis method
Analysis of data was done by using simple statistical
tools. Data is represented in graphical as well as
tabular form. Interpretation of data was arrived using
various statistical tools. Findings of the study is based
on the interpretation
4. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1. Traditional Indian Auto-Parts Industry and
Supply Chain System.
The traditional Indian Automotive ancillary industry
is renowned worldwide for quality and productivity
and is a significant contributor in the global
automotive supply chain. It supplies high value and
critical components globally. the rapid growth I
domestic automotive market has also supplemented to
the growth for auto components industry in India.
India is acknowledged globally as small car
manufacturing hub and auto component suppliers.
With the support of government which has allowed
100% foreign equity investment the auto component
industries is expected to grow steadily and strongly.
The traditional auto ancillary components consist of
Engine Parts which includes pistons and piston rings,
engine valves, full injection systems, carburetors,
cooling systems, power train components and other
parts. Transmission and steering including gears,
wheels, steering systems, axels and clutches.
Suspension and braking parts brake and brake
assemblies, brake lining, shock absorbers, leaf
springs. Equipment and headlights, halogen bulbs,
wiper motors, dashboard instruments and other panel
instruments. Electrical parts including starter parts,
spark plugs, electric ignition systems, flywheel
magnetos, Other components which consists of sheet
metal parts, body chassis, fan belts, pressure die
casting, hydraulic pneumatic instruments etc.
Traditionally the India auto-component industry
consists of approx. 6400 large and small companies.
The large companies contribute to 66% of total auto-
component production with main focus on high
valued precision engineering products. Engine parts,
transmission and steering parts together account for
50% of the production. At the helm of the supply
chain are the Original Equipment Manufacturers.
Supplying parts to the OMEs are the Original
Equipment Supplier under Tier 1. Supporting the
OES tier 1 (sub –assemblies) are the Generic
manufacturers. The OEMs supplyvehicle and vehicle
parts to dealers. These dealers consist of OEMs
franchise dealers and multi brand dealers. The OEMs
also supply to independent parts dealers this leads to
better after sales service coverage. Simultaneously the
OES tier 1 as well as Generic manufacturers also
supply parts to OEMs franchise dealers and multi
brand dealers. The Independent parts dealers also
supply to multi-brand dealers and also directly to
small garages and other small players.
.
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4.2. Customer Perception of Electric Vehicles.
A survey was conducted via questionnaire in order to
access customer’s perception regarding electric
vehicles. On the basis of data collected from 50
individuals who owned electric vehicles either two
wheeler or four wheelers the following findings were
inferred
4.2.1. Perception with respect to Main Benefit
/Advantage of electric vehicle
100% of the respondents agreed that that main benefit
/advantage of electric vehicle was that they were
environment friendly due to their zero emissions
characteristics. However, 70% of the respondents
considered Electric vehicles were much quieter than
other vehicles and the cost to charge an electric
vehicle is much less than the fuel costs for a petrol or
diesel vehicle.
4.2.2. Major Disadvantage of electric vehicles
90% of the respondents agreed that the major
disadvantages of electric vehicles are that they were
more expensive than gas/fuel powered automobile,
electric cars have a shorter range than gas-powered
cars, recharging the battery takes time, it can
sometimes be difficult to find a charging station and
that there aren't as many model options.
*10% of the respondents did not respond to this
question.
4.2.3. Desirable Characteristics and traits in
electric vehicles
100% of the respondents agreed that the most
preferred characteristics in electric vehicles include
better aesthetics, driving performance, lower
maintenance and servicing costs, easy recharging and
more accessible charging stations. 80% of the
respondents also supported environmental benefits
and safeguarding features in the vehicles, 40% of the
respondents also supported that the electric vehicles
should have a good second hand pricing which will
also be an added feature and boost purchase of
electric vehicles.
5. CONCLUSION
Electric Vehicles has brought about a challenge for
auto-component industry. Electric Vehicle have
increased demand for new parts and components thus
increasing challenges and risk for auto-component
suppliers and manufacturers. Shortage of critical
components have also been reported in the industry.
Digitization and electrification of automobiles have
considerably changed the supply chain and
manufacturing systems in the automobile industry.
Modern electric vehicles have seen a demand for
semiconductors, microchips, sensors, batteries, and
numerous other electronic components that provide
technological advantages. There is also requirement
of thousands of tiny digital parts which form part of
Electric Vehicle.
Supply of batteries one of the major component of
electric Vehicle will require more stringent standards
in order to reach the global standards.
Another requirement will be demand for Electric
Vehicle charging infrastructure which will lead to a
rise in a parallel supply chain for the components
required to fulfil this demand.
It is expected that in the coming years the automobile
industry will be entering into the phase of electric
vehicles. Huge investments will be required to update
technological development in this area .Traditional
automobile and auto parts manufactures of the
various Tiers of supply will have to take drastic
decision regarding investment and R&D. With the
scope of demand for electric vehicle increasing the
traditional auto makers will have to explore new
areas. There will be a need to discard the existing
technologies and adopted new technologies and
operational parameters. Auto and auto-parts dealers
and suppliers will also be simultaneously affected.
They will have to face challenge of supplying and
selling both electric and traditional vehicles and its
parts. Auto service will have to be revamped as
electric vehicle will require more skilled workforce
and technicians. Moreover electric vehicle have lower
maintenance cost as compared to traditional It is also
expected that the margins and future revenue
generated by electric vehicles will be lower than the
traditional vehicles since the production cost of
electric vehicle is higher than the traditional vehicles.
disruptor-automotive-ecosystem.pdf
Bibliography and References:
[1] Brandt, J. R., Taninecz, G. : Turning Toward
Success for Automotive Suppliers. Microsoft
Corporation. 2008. [online] Retrived from:
http://manufacturingbenchmarks.com/mpigroup
/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/AutomotiveSuppli
ers_WP_US. pdf
[2] Ericsson, R. et al. : From Build-to-Order to
Customise-to-Order. Advancing the
Automotive Industry by Collaboration and
Modularity. Published by the Consortium of the
AC/DC Project. 2010. ISBN 978-91-633-6973-
5. [online] Retrived from:
http://www.iao.fraunhofer.de/images/download
bereich/300/advancing-the-automotiveindustry-
by-collaboration-and-modularity.pdf
[3] Infosys;’ Electric Vehicle-Disruptor of the
automotive Ecosystem’, View-Point 2018
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[4] Times of India: Electric Vehicles Are
Disrupting Automotive Supply Chains
Corporate Social Responsibility, News March
12, 2021
[5] Times of India: Electric Vehicle History &
Current Status : India, May 18, 2017
[6] Tumar D. (2019) ‘Indian auto component
industry need not fear EVs, say Industry
leaders’ The Hindu September 09, 2019, 17:40
IS
[7] Wagner. I.; ’Battery electric vehicle use
worldwide -2012-2019’, Source:
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dwide-number-of-hybrid-and-electric-vehicles-
since-2009/