This paper attempts to evaluate the adoption strategy in the short to medium term to drive demand for the electric vehicle in urban transportation markets in India.
India Electric Two Wheeler Market Size, Share & Forecast | TechSci ResearchTechSci Research
According to www.techsciresearch.com latest report- India Electric Two Wheeler Market By Vehicle Type (Electric Scooter and Electric Motorcycle), By Voltage Capacity (48-59V, 60-72V, 73-96V & Above 96V), By Battery Type, By Motor Placement, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, FY 2026F.
Report URL- https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-electric-two-wheeler-market/1668.html
India Electric Vehicle Market 2018 2025: Report SampleANS MarketPro
India Electric Vehicle Market 2018-2025: Analytics, Value Chain, Strategy, Investment and Competitor Mapping, By Type of EV Technology (BEV, PHEV), By Type of Vehicle (Passenger Cars, Two-Wheelers, Three-Wheelers, Commercial Vehicles), By Charging Infrastructure (Normal Charging and High-Power Charging), By End-user (Individuals, Commercial Enterprises and Government) and Geography
India Electric Two Wheeler Market Size, Share & Forecast | TechSci ResearchTechSci Research
According to www.techsciresearch.com latest report- India Electric Two Wheeler Market By Vehicle Type (Electric Scooter and Electric Motorcycle), By Voltage Capacity (48-59V, 60-72V, 73-96V & Above 96V), By Battery Type, By Motor Placement, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, FY 2026F.
Report URL- https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-electric-two-wheeler-market/1668.html
India Electric Vehicle Market 2018 2025: Report SampleANS MarketPro
India Electric Vehicle Market 2018-2025: Analytics, Value Chain, Strategy, Investment and Competitor Mapping, By Type of EV Technology (BEV, PHEV), By Type of Vehicle (Passenger Cars, Two-Wheelers, Three-Wheelers, Commercial Vehicles), By Charging Infrastructure (Normal Charging and High-Power Charging), By End-user (Individuals, Commercial Enterprises and Government) and Geography
This is my presentation behalf of the research conducted by me on the topic of contemporary challenges and opportunities for electric vehicle market in India during my bachelors of commerce hons in MS university of Baroda
Two-Wheeler Market, Consumer Behaviour And Marketing StrategiesViraj Hegde
Analytical Study Of Two-Wheeler Market, Consumer Behaviour And Marketing Strategies (Sample Space: - Pimpri-Chinchwad) for BBA
- Conduct Field Surveys by selecting a sample size & space of two-wheeler users
- Study primary and secondary data sources to understand consumer psychology
- Detailed Analysis of the data collected
- Examining existing and forecasting future marketing trends that would influence the two-wheeler buyers
Presentation on two wheeler industry with different 4 major players of this industry and analysis of PEST,SWOT & STP about industry and also about 4 players.
The changing dynamics of global automotive sector, India, which is one of the largest markets is on verge of revolution. The dependency of oil and gas import along with environmental issues, have become a challenge and thus shoves think tank to revamp the existing transportation system. The implications of ecofriendly mobility imminences the introduction of electric vehicle (EV) in automobile segment. The project elucidates various global policies that are successful on executing EV and aims to amend the ongoing system in terms of policy and consumer awareness so that introduction & implementation of EV in Indian context becomes smoother.
Electric vehicles in India- scope and challengesAbhishek Kumar
Importance of EVs, Market Scenario and Government of India Initiatives. EVs will play an important role in moving towards the initiation of green energy and changing the economy around the world.
Electric Vehicles in India: Challenges & Opportunities Nitin Sukh
Electric vehicles (EVs) are no longer science fiction. Scientific achievements in this space have led to the mainstreaming of EVs in the United States, Israel and some European countries. India isn’t far behind either with Mahindra-Reva, Hero Electric and other domestic OEMs leading the front. Durable lithium ion batteries, fast charging networks, efficient chassis design and electric drive trains are key links in the EV value chain and extensive technological progress has been made in all these areas. However, for EVs to truly lead GhG reduction in Indian Industry and have a positive impact on the country’s energy security, the integration of smart grids and renewable energy feeds into these grids are a must. In fact, without these two critical components, the introduction of EVs into the current ecosystem would be an ecological burden and lead to greater GhG emissions since energy will be derived from a predominantly coal powered and inefficient energy grid.
Therefore, this study undertaken by YES BANK and TERI-BCSD critically analyses the EV value chain, identifying hidden triple bottom line risks and highlighting innovative clean technologies and business models that mitigate those risks, thereby making the value chain more attractive from lending and investment perspectives. The paper also concludes with a sobering and pragmatic analysis of the current and projected EV scenario in India versus the internal combustion engine.
A comparative study of customer satisfaction towards performance of Hero, Baj...hasnain2
MBA marketing project report on
A comparative study of customer satisfaction towards performance of Hero, Bajaj, Honda and Tvs bikes(A Case of Malegaon City)
Automobile Industry and Auto Components, Automotive Components, Spare Parts, ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Automobile Industry and Auto Components, Automotive Components, Spare Parts, Auto Parts, Car Parts, Replacement Parts, Tractor Parts, Motorcycle Parts, Auto Body Parts, Two Wheeler, Three Wheeler and Four Wheeler Parts, Accessories & Spares Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
The automobile industry is one of the key drivers that boosts the economic growth of the country. The Indian automotive industry includes two-wheeler, trucks, cars, buses, three wheeler and four wheeler which play a crucial role in growth of the Indian economy. The country is expected to top the world in Car volumes with approx. 611 Million vehicles on the nation’s road by 2050. The economy progress of this industry is indicated by the amount of goods and services produced which give the capacity for transportation and boost the sale of vehicles.
See more
https://goo.gl/vOfDZB
https://goo.gl/ckXxLw
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Automobile Industry in India, Automobile Industry, Automobile Components, Automotive Components, Auto Components Industry, Automobile and Auto Components, Automotive Component Business Line, Auto Parts Business Plan, Automobile Parts Business Plan, Spare Parts Manufacturing Business Plan, Automobile Manufacturing Business Plan, Automobile Spare Parts Business Plan in India, Auto Spare Parts Business Plan, Auto Parts Business, Spare Parts Business Ideas, Small Scale Automobile Business Ideas, Auto Spare Parts Business Planning Report, Automotive Spare Parts Business, How to Start Auto Parts Business, How to Start Motorcycle Spare Parts Business, Automobile and Spare Parts Business, Auto Parts Business Startup, How to Start Auto Spare Parts Business, Car Spare Parts Business Plan, Spare Parts Business Plan, Spare Parts Industry, Automotive Spare Parts Business Plan, Highly Profitable Automobile Business Ideas, How to Start Spare Parts Business Plan in India, Motor Spare Parts Business Plan, Automotive Industry in India, How to Start Motorcycle Spare Parts Business, Profitable Automobile Business Ideas in India, Auto Parts Manufacturing Business Plan, Auto Component Industry in India, Motor Vehicle and Parts Manufacturing, Automobile Parts Manufacturing Industry Profile, Business of Manufacturing Car Parts, Auto and Car Parts Production
This is my presentation behalf of the research conducted by me on the topic of contemporary challenges and opportunities for electric vehicle market in India during my bachelors of commerce hons in MS university of Baroda
Two-Wheeler Market, Consumer Behaviour And Marketing StrategiesViraj Hegde
Analytical Study Of Two-Wheeler Market, Consumer Behaviour And Marketing Strategies (Sample Space: - Pimpri-Chinchwad) for BBA
- Conduct Field Surveys by selecting a sample size & space of two-wheeler users
- Study primary and secondary data sources to understand consumer psychology
- Detailed Analysis of the data collected
- Examining existing and forecasting future marketing trends that would influence the two-wheeler buyers
Presentation on two wheeler industry with different 4 major players of this industry and analysis of PEST,SWOT & STP about industry and also about 4 players.
The changing dynamics of global automotive sector, India, which is one of the largest markets is on verge of revolution. The dependency of oil and gas import along with environmental issues, have become a challenge and thus shoves think tank to revamp the existing transportation system. The implications of ecofriendly mobility imminences the introduction of electric vehicle (EV) in automobile segment. The project elucidates various global policies that are successful on executing EV and aims to amend the ongoing system in terms of policy and consumer awareness so that introduction & implementation of EV in Indian context becomes smoother.
Electric vehicles in India- scope and challengesAbhishek Kumar
Importance of EVs, Market Scenario and Government of India Initiatives. EVs will play an important role in moving towards the initiation of green energy and changing the economy around the world.
Electric Vehicles in India: Challenges & Opportunities Nitin Sukh
Electric vehicles (EVs) are no longer science fiction. Scientific achievements in this space have led to the mainstreaming of EVs in the United States, Israel and some European countries. India isn’t far behind either with Mahindra-Reva, Hero Electric and other domestic OEMs leading the front. Durable lithium ion batteries, fast charging networks, efficient chassis design and electric drive trains are key links in the EV value chain and extensive technological progress has been made in all these areas. However, for EVs to truly lead GhG reduction in Indian Industry and have a positive impact on the country’s energy security, the integration of smart grids and renewable energy feeds into these grids are a must. In fact, without these two critical components, the introduction of EVs into the current ecosystem would be an ecological burden and lead to greater GhG emissions since energy will be derived from a predominantly coal powered and inefficient energy grid.
Therefore, this study undertaken by YES BANK and TERI-BCSD critically analyses the EV value chain, identifying hidden triple bottom line risks and highlighting innovative clean technologies and business models that mitigate those risks, thereby making the value chain more attractive from lending and investment perspectives. The paper also concludes with a sobering and pragmatic analysis of the current and projected EV scenario in India versus the internal combustion engine.
A comparative study of customer satisfaction towards performance of Hero, Baj...hasnain2
MBA marketing project report on
A comparative study of customer satisfaction towards performance of Hero, Bajaj, Honda and Tvs bikes(A Case of Malegaon City)
Automobile Industry and Auto Components, Automotive Components, Spare Parts, ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Automobile Industry and Auto Components, Automotive Components, Spare Parts, Auto Parts, Car Parts, Replacement Parts, Tractor Parts, Motorcycle Parts, Auto Body Parts, Two Wheeler, Three Wheeler and Four Wheeler Parts, Accessories & Spares Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
The automobile industry is one of the key drivers that boosts the economic growth of the country. The Indian automotive industry includes two-wheeler, trucks, cars, buses, three wheeler and four wheeler which play a crucial role in growth of the Indian economy. The country is expected to top the world in Car volumes with approx. 611 Million vehicles on the nation’s road by 2050. The economy progress of this industry is indicated by the amount of goods and services produced which give the capacity for transportation and boost the sale of vehicles.
See more
https://goo.gl/vOfDZB
https://goo.gl/ckXxLw
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Automobile Industry in India, Automobile Industry, Automobile Components, Automotive Components, Auto Components Industry, Automobile and Auto Components, Automotive Component Business Line, Auto Parts Business Plan, Automobile Parts Business Plan, Spare Parts Manufacturing Business Plan, Automobile Manufacturing Business Plan, Automobile Spare Parts Business Plan in India, Auto Spare Parts Business Plan, Auto Parts Business, Spare Parts Business Ideas, Small Scale Automobile Business Ideas, Auto Spare Parts Business Planning Report, Automotive Spare Parts Business, How to Start Auto Parts Business, How to Start Motorcycle Spare Parts Business, Automobile and Spare Parts Business, Auto Parts Business Startup, How to Start Auto Spare Parts Business, Car Spare Parts Business Plan, Spare Parts Business Plan, Spare Parts Industry, Automotive Spare Parts Business Plan, Highly Profitable Automobile Business Ideas, How to Start Spare Parts Business Plan in India, Motor Spare Parts Business Plan, Automotive Industry in India, How to Start Motorcycle Spare Parts Business, Profitable Automobile Business Ideas in India, Auto Parts Manufacturing Business Plan, Auto Component Industry in India, Motor Vehicle and Parts Manufacturing, Automobile Parts Manufacturing Industry Profile, Business of Manufacturing Car Parts, Auto and Car Parts Production
Saur Energy talks to Tata Power on 'EV Market in India' Tata Power
Saur Energy talks to Tata Power on 'EV Market in India' by making India EV Ready with energy-efficient charging infrastructure. #EVChargingNetwork #TataPower #TataPowerEVCharging
1Project One Executive SummaryCole Staats.docxrobert345678
1
Project One: Executive Summary
Cole Staats
Southern New Hampshire University
BUS 225: Critical Business Skills for Success
Jennyfer Puentes
November 14, 2022
Project One: Executive SummaryProblem
With the restricted economic activity expected because of the COVID-19 outbreak, and the rise in inflation the revenue for the automobile engine and parts manufacturing industry has been adjusted to decline by 10.9% by the end of 2022 (Pantalon, 2022). Based on the current challenges the automotive industry faces, we must diversify our engine manufacturing and its operations to expand our revenue. In this presentation, I will be using qualitative and quantitative data to explain why I think our company should rapidly explore the ever-evolving and growing popularity of the electric car industry and develop electric motors. I will show the qualitative data which will focus on the industry reports of engine manufacturing inside the automotive industry. The quantitative data that I will provide will estimate the projections for future operations and provide fact-checked historical data on the automotive industry. Automotive Manufacturing Industry
After conducting extensive research into the current automotive industry status, where I focused on the performance and expectations for the industry's future, the 2021 measured revenue of the US car and automobile manufacturing was $75 billion. This is compared to previous years, such as 2020 $69 billion, and in 2019 and 2018 $92 billion (MarketLine 2021). Although we saw a rise from 2020 to 2021 in revenue the automobile manufacturing industry revenue will continue to not keep pace with previous years. As the domestic demand for new vehicles trends higher, three automotive hubs are expected to gain greater traction over the next few years. With that said the US automotive industry is heavily established in the Great Lakes region. This region represents just over 36% of the automobile manufacturers in the US. Some of the most successful automobile making are located here which include the Ford Motor Company, General Motors, and Fiat Chrysler. All these manufacturers are in Michigan which makes up 15% of all automobile manufacturing revenue in the US. With that said there are 2 more regions where automobile manufacturers operate that make up 50% of all us manufacturers' locations. The Regions are the West Region, making up 25.4% of the industry locations, and the Southeast Region, making up 24.6% of the industry locations. After conducting research, the consumer's current mindset is shifting towards a “greener” option for the automobile. This option would have a smaller carbon footprint, providing an increase in producing vehicles that are more environmentally friendly. As a result of this new stance on a “greener” option by the consumer the hybrid and the electric car are gaining popularity and are expected to multiply over the next five years (MarketLine 2018). “In 2025 the North American hybri.
Electric vehicles and electric utilities – a clear opportunity with many shapesCarlo Stella
While several stakeholders are supportive of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, we have looked specifically at electric utilities to understand the opportunities that such a change in the transportation landscape can generate, and define the key questions to be addressed in order to embrace them. We have identified four business models – by no means evolutionary – that can be looked at independently, and eventually combined to fit the company’s strategy and the specific market conditions (e.g., regulation, competition, ecosystem, customer readiness). We strongly believe electric utilities are ideally positioned to leverage the opportunities offered by the adoption of electric vehicles on a mass-market scale, but they need to act fast, as many other players are addressing the same opportunity
I made this assignment for a Strategy Module (University of Westminster) this year and I thought it looked nice. It is important to point out I don't work and have never worked for PWC, it was just a requirement of the assignment to pretend you worked there.
Two-Wheelers Electric vehicles Outlook in India | Report RedSeer
It is unsurprising that the world is slowly but steadily encouraging a green planet amid heightened concern over climate change and pollution. Working along the same lines, governments all over the world are pushing the EV industry through subsidies and regulations. Further, consumers demand low-emission commuting instead of fossil fuel-driven vehicles, which endangers our planet.
India offers the world’s largest untapped EV market, especially in the two-wheeler segment. With several automakers rolling out EV vehicles at a rapid pace, the penetration of these vehicles has increased significantly in the past few years. As per a recent study, electric vehicles (EVs) market is expected to be worth around at least ₹475 billion by 2025. The penetration of electric two-wheelers is projected to reach up to 15% by 2025 from 1% currently.
As business activities gain pace and the Indian economy rebounds its way in 2022, the auto industry is set to enter a new phase of growth, innovation and investment. However, the road to the future of EV is battling various challenges. While the government is aggressively promoting EV adoption in India, the inadequate infrastructure, lack of high performing EVs and high upfront cost is causing a major hindrance for its mass adoption.
Capital cost has always been a major factor in th
Capital cost has always been a major factor in the EV purchase decision, with 63% of consumers believing that an EV is beyond their budget. The lack of adequate charging infrastructure in our country is a huge barrier to increased EV penetration. Compared to traditional petrol stations, charging stations are harder to find, normally limited by investment costs and difficult infrastructure development enabling people to charge where they usually park, at home or at work, which presents its own challenges, such as dealing with multi-tenant buildings, grid-connection management, and charging slot availability. It is anticipated that there will be a shortage of nickel, and scaling up lithium production would be a challenge, leading to supply shortage that may cause manufacturers to use lower-quality mineral inputs, adversely affecting battery performance.
Electric Motors Market segmentation in small DC motors for automotive highest...mayuryeole28
More Information @ http://bit.ly/2zAAufa
Key players in the automobile industry are continuously aiming at increasing the production of these vehicles.
A Study on Customer Perception of Electric Vehicle and Its Impact on Traditio...ijtsrd
India traditionally has been belligerent to any changes. But with the need to curb environmental emissions it has been identified that there is a need to switch from ICE vehicles to Electric Vehicles. This switch is eminent and a necessity in order to fight the climatic and environmental changes which is affecting all living life whether in land, water or air. It is a fact that with substantial shift in the automobile industry towards Electric Vehicles disruption in the automobile supply Chain in imminent. It is true that for those suppliers who are heavily leveraged and unable to adapt it could spell a disastrous financial troubles ahead. This study is an attempt to identify how production and supply of electric vehicles will impact the traditional supply chain in India and suggest ways and methods to incorporate the changes. An attempt has also been made in this study to identify the perception of individuals regarding Electric Vehicle. Because it is the people's choice which will lead to boon or bane for this segment of automobiles. Anuj Vishwamohan Nair "A Study on Customer Perception of Electric Vehicle and Its Impact on Traditional Supply Chain in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47516.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/47516/a-study-on-customer-perception-of-electric-vehicle-and-its-impact-on-traditional-supply-chain-in-india/anuj-vishwamohan-nair
Global Market Insights, Inc., announces a report on EV Charging Infrastructure Market Trends & Forecast - 2025.' The study encompasses an elaborate analysis of the product, application, and regional trends in the industry.According to reliable reports, the global EV charging infrastructure market is expected to surpass $46 billion over 2025.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
Wondering if Your Mercedes EIS is at Fault Here’s How to Tell
Strategy for Adoption of Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles in Urban Markets of India
1. The Red Bricks Summit 2018
Page 1 of 8
Strategy for Adoption of Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicles
in Urban Markets of India
Rajesh Gusain, Vivek Menon, Yash Khanna
PGPX 2018-19, IIM Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015
I. Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are attracting significant attention across the globe as it compliments other
global clean energy initiatives. Indian government is progressively supporting electric mobility
initiatives, the Nation Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) published in 20131 showed the
country’s commitment for sustainable transportation. The purpose of governmental initiatives in
this sector is to act as a catalyst to help the local industry build capability and provide subsidies
to induce demand. However, milestones set by NEMMP are likely to be missed as the
implementation of policy decisions, availability of relevant urban infrastructure and acceptance
of electric transportation have been slower than what was expected. This paper attempts to
evaluate the adoption strategy in the short to medium term to drive demand for the electric
vehicle in urban transportation markets. As the highest Net Present Value of electric mobility
initiatives was in the two-wheeler industry (per NEMMP), this paper will focus its research for
selecting criteria of competitiveness based on two-wheeler market segment. Specific
requirement of infrastructure availability in urban areas, which is a key requisite for the adoption
of this technology in the short to medium term, are also discussed.
Keywords: Electric vehicles, Customer value, EV Infrastructure, Government Policies
II. Indian EV Market and Two-wheeler market
India is the fourth largest carbon emitter and one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the
world, and is also a signatory of the Paris climate treaty2. As part of the treaty, India has
committed to reducing 35% of its 2015 carbon emission levels over 15 years by 2030. Moreover,
the Indian balance of trade is adversely impacted due to fluctuations in the prices of crude. A
drive towards electric vehicles (EVs) will not only help India meet its global commitment but also
achieve the strategic objective of reducing its trade deficit.
The Government had unveiled the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan and planned to
introduce 6-7 million EVs in the country by 2020. This aggressive target has not been met but the
Indian Government remains ambitious and had in 2017 set a target of 100% Electric Vehicle
market by 2030 that was later revised to 30%. While the Indian government's position in global
climate pacts and communication to the industry in the country seems clear, the recent flip-flop
on the national EV policy has deterred international EV players from entering India.
2. The Red Bricks Summit 2018
Page 2 of 8
Not deterred by this seemingly challenging environment, the potential in the Indian market has
driven multiple new players to establish a first-mover advantage in the two-wheeler EV market.
As per the latest CRISIL report3 on two-wheeler industry in India, the sales of two-wheelers across
India has been growing steadily for the past several years and total sales volume was around 20
million in 2017. Growth in scooters in the 2018-19 period in India is estimated to be 6-8% to reach
a total value of close of 7 million vehicles. Increase in fuel prices is expected to raise the cost of
ownership of two-wheelers by 4-6% in FY19. Maintenance and insurance form only 3.5% of the
total cost of ownership of vehicles over their lifespan and hence don’t significantly impact two-
wheeler purchase decisions. New BS VI emission norms will come into force in FY21 and may
impact the growth of two-wheeler industry due to increased costs. These conditions seem
appropriate for growth of two-wheeler EVs in the medium term in the India market. There are
several startups in this segment such as Ather, Artem, Okinawa, Twenty-Two Motors and Tork
Motorcycles who are trying to make inroads in this marketplace. On the other hand, older players
such as YObykes maker Electrotherm, Ampere Vehicles, Avon Cycles and Oreva e-bike maker
Ajanta Group are advancing launches, after keeping them on the backburner because of poor
infrastructure, low acceptance and lack of government support. Even major OEMs like TVS Motor
have gone back to the drawing boards to speed up their hybrid and electric scooter rollouts4.
III. Adoption challenges of two-wheeler EVs
As with the adoption of any new technology, two-wheeler EVs face stiff competition of existing
incumbent players in the Indian two-wheeler market. Lack of familiarity with new products and
yet to be proven technology are some of the traditional hurdles that new firms will face in the
current transitional market. On evaluation of the power and interest of different stakeholders
(Figure 1.) in this EV market, certain key challenges have emerged which are hindering adoption
of two-wheeler EVs in the Indian marketplace.
Figure 1. Stakeholder analysis for the two-wheeler EV manufacturers
3. The Red Bricks Summit 2018
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Customer awareness about EVs needs to increase not only by marketing efforts but also providing
greater value compared to traditional ICE vehicles. It must be recognised that traditional
manufacturers and incumbents have interest in this industry and some have already made
headway in product development. Government policy will play a key role in deciding technical
specifications both for EV technology and charging infrastructure, while investors and
incumbents will play a key role in influencing these decisions. These decisions will have to be
closely followed to ensure sustained business continuity. Lastly with improvement in battery
technology and development of infirm capabilities, it can be anticipated that bargaining power
of suppliers will reduce over the medium to long term horizon.
i. High Acquisition Costs
Battery costs of mass manufactured EVs form more than half of the total vehicle costs which pose
a barrier to entry for consumers to shift to electric two-wheelers. In the long term by 2030, these
costs are anticipated to reduce to about 20% of the total EV cost. Sustained reduction in falling
costs require continuous improvement in battery technology and investment in creating large
manufacturing setups to gain economies of scale5.
ii. Long Charging Time
Another major issue with the EVs is the need for long charging times. A standard two-wheeler EV
requires 3 to 4 hours of charge for the 1-2 kWh battery pack with a single phase 5 Amp charger.
The long charging hours are a clear disadvantage vis a vis ICE vehicle which requires not more
than 10 min of refueling time.
iii. Low Capacity and Limited Driving Range
Two-wheeler EVs are suited for intra-city driving as they have limited driving range. A higher
range two-wheeler leads to increase in EV price gap and can thus be easily substituted by a
traditional ICE. Firms are setting up charging infrastructure to tackle the range limitation and are
exploring faster charging mechanisms for this purpose. However, rate of charging also has
bearing on longevity of battery life and needs to be accounted for when deciding charging
criteria6.
iv. Uncertain Regulatory Environment
EV technology is evolving and its grow is limited by availability of both talent to research new
technologies and raw material. Charging infrastructure availability is limited in cities and first
mover advantage would be helpful in shaping policy. However, this also poses a big risk as policy
decisions will shape charging infrastructure requirements, its technical specifications and
distribution channels. As with all other mass market distribution systems, suppliers have high
bargaining power and a regulated market may well result in oligopolistic market.
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IV. Comparison between existing and upcoming two wheelers
Major established Indian two-wheeler manufacturing companies along with multiple startups are
entering the EV two-wheeler segment. They are also introducing hybrid systems, however, since
hybrid engines do not face same issues as the “pure” electric vehicles, they fall out of the scope
of this paper and haven’t been considered in the comparison.
Company Product name Expected
Launch year
Range Top speed Price
Ather Ather 450 2018 75 km 80 km/h ₹ 1,25,000
Ather 340 2018 60 km 70 km/h ₹ 1,10,000
Twenty-Two
Motors
Flow
(1 battery)
2018 80 km 65 km/h ₹ 60,000
Flow
(2 batteries)
2018 160 km 65km/h ₹ 90,000
Piaggio Vespa Electrica November 2018 100 km N.A. ₹ 90,000
Honda PCX Asian markets 2018
India- TBD
N.A. 96 km/h N.A.
TVS Creon 2019 80 km > 60 km/h ₹ 70,000
Table 1. Current companies and offerings in the two-wheeler EV segment (sample set)
The sample set in above table is representative of the two-wheeler EV segment that comprises
of both established brands and newcomers. Data has been collated on basic criteria to get a sense
of the spread of product offerings available in the market. Customer adoption rates are driven
by multiple such criteria and hence we are focusing on solutions that solve the pressing
challenges mentioned in the above sections.
V. Key business features to drive adoption
The development of the two-wheeler EV market is dependent on the improvement of battery
technology and the associated charging infrastructure. Firms with first mover advantage in this
technology might have significant advantage in deciding technical specifications and influencing
EV policy. However, owing to the nature of the charging industry with standard electricity
distribution channels and upfront capital investment, it is likely that the charging infrastructure
industry will become a natural monopoly and may eventually lead to regulation. Tieing up capital
in charging infrastructure, thus is risky. We suggest following M.A.P.S. strategy (Figure 2) to
explore growth opportunities:
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Figure 2. Proposed M.A.P.S. strategy for two-wheeler EV adoption
i. Modular Battery Pack
Range anxiety is another area of concern for potential customers. A standard two-wheeler EV
requires 3 to 4 hours of charge for their 1-2 kWh battery pack with a single phase 5 Amp charger.
The long charging hours are a clear disadvantage vis a vis ICE vehicle and act as major deterrents
to the adoption of electric vehicles.
Two-wheeler EV firms should tie up with existing refueling stations and offer the facility of battery
swapping. Battery swapping involves replacement of the discharge battery of a vehicle with a
fully charged battery. This would reduce the time spent at a charging station comparable to the
time spent at a refueling pump for an ICE vehicle.
The development of a modular battery is essential for the battery swap strategy. The current EV
manufactures will have to focus on proposed battery swap as a source of competitive advantage
and design EVs that support such a functionality. This may have to be done in partnership with
battery manufacturers, the scope of which can be used widespread – not only in their own
vehicles but also other electric vehicles.
Modular battery business models also open up the possibility of providing battery swapping at
preferred location. This would further strengthen value proposition to customers instill
confidence in providing required mobility when required.
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ii. Alliances
Firms should explore alliance strategies to co-develop EV technology. Innovative designs that
make best use of power to weight ratio to improve vehicle performance will enable the industry
to capture customer interest and imagination. Such alliances should not only be limited to vehicle
design but also battery technology which is an essential product component.
Lack of internal capability and talent is leading most players to partner with suppliers for electric
batteries. Firms can use such ventures to explore backward integration capabilities in the
medium term to develop battery technology which would not only make cheaper but also
efficient batteries with high energy density which are suitable to their own vehicle designs.
Partnering with other two-wheeler EV manufacturers for this backward integration will ensure
steady supply of batteries and will be a mutually beneficial alliance strategy. Partnering EV
manufacturers would not have to make the complete upfront investment in setting up
manufacturing capability thereby lowering the entry barrier to the EV supplier market. It would
of course allow firms who’ve setup early manufacturing capabilities to leverage the economies
of scale to generate sustainable profit. This scenario is akin to big data centres that have been
set up by few players who over time have built global reach.
iii. Product Service System Model
Today’s Two-wheeler vehicles have high acquisition cost. Table 1 indicates the comparison
among different two-wheeler EVs and their prices are at the higher end of scooter segment. As
EV mobility is a new emerging segment, potential customers may not fully realise the perceived
value of an electric vehicle. High acquisition cost may deter the consumer from taking the
purchasing decision.
To address the above-mentioned issues, we suggest the development of modular batteries and
application of Product Service System (PSS) Model - specifically the use-oriented category (Tukker
2004)7 of the PSS model.
Value proposition offered by PSS, part of the overall business model, is the manufacturers intent
to sell integrated products and services as opposed to products alone (Goedkoop et al. 1999)8. In
the proposed model, the customer leases the battery from the EV manufacturer- who retains the
ownership of the asset. Disassociating the battery price from the EV vehicle price would decrease
the upfront price of the product making it lower than or comparable to the purchase price of a
similar two-wheeler ICE Vehicle. The customer would pay a monthly/quarterly leasing fee for
this service.
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iv. Added Services
Most new firms are providing additional diagnostic services along with the standard product
offering. These diagnostic services help in identifying usage patterns, real time monitoring of
component health, thus aid improved maintenance and insurance services which are lower in
cost subject to driving pattern of consumers.
Another area to explore is the accessories market such as smart helmets, which connect with
scooter and provide features that help in navigation through GPS with minimum distraction.
These accessories complement the connected ecosystem and make the customer value
proposition stronger.
VI. Conclusion
The two-wheeler EV market is currently in its nascent stage and is likely to witness high growth
in the medium term. With increasing interest from entrepreneurs, investors and traditional
OEMs, the EV market needs to build competitive advantage to grow rather than depend on the
altruistic clean energy rhetoric. Implementation of some of the suggestions mentioned in this
paper should allow manufacturers to generate consumer interest and gain mileage. Charging
infrastructure creation has intentionally not been recommended as this is one area which has
higher regulatory uncertainty and may provide a low return on investment. Forming alliances
across the spread of stakeholders will be key in gaining access to talent in technology so as to
maintain competitiveness in the market. In the crowded marketplace, firms entering this market
should try to implement strategies that not only give short term first mover advantage but also
ensure sustainability over the medium term considering that this is a capital intensive industry.
We hope that the suggestions given in this paper will enable entrepreneurs and investors to look
at alternative business models to support their endeavour in becoming market leaders in the
two-wheeler EV segment.
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