Search Engine Optimisation
                                                   Zulf Choudhary
                                                       Director
                                                   Supported By




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Content
                     1. What is SEO
                     2. Why Is SEO relevant?
                     3. What is new in SEO
                     4. New thinking
                     5. Key concepts
                     6. Marketing strategy is the key
                     7. What is marketing strategy?
                     8. Terms to know
                     9. What the eye misses
                     10. What computer sees
                     11. Types of marketing
                                        •          Keyword research
                                        •          Content development
                                        •          Link building
                                        •          Paid per clicks
                                        •          Adwords
                                        •          What is best for you

                     7. Warning
                     8. Summary

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
About us

            We create bespoke mobile and web platforms
                  Software outsourcing and social banking for over 10 years

                  Key insight is social engagement and inclusion

                  We are a spin out from The University of Manchester

                  Lots of expertise

                  Staff with varies IT backgrounds from private to public sector

                  Good knowledge base at the Manchester University

                                                   Voted best EU
                                                   IT Project 2007




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
What is Search Engine Optimisation


   • Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of
     improving the volume and quality of traffic to a
     website from search engines using "natural"
     ("organic" or "algorithmic") search results. Getting
     visibility.

   • The objective is to get a good ranking in when
     people search the web for information.
   Why: The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for
   distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.*

   This is how computers read, translate and present data on your screen.

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
                                                                      *http://www.w3.org/Protocols/
Why SEO is relevant?

        Knowledge starts and ends with a search

     • 633 million websites in the world today*

     • 200,000+ increase per month in websites*

     • When people surf the internet, they are looking for specific information.

     • Whatever niche or market you are in there is going to be competition.

     • If your website isn't on page 1, you stand less chance of getting sales?




                                                   *http://techlogon.com/2011/11/15/how-many-websites-are-there-in-the-world/

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
New SEO - Google Panda updates

     A game changer in SEO, stops the old tricks of SEO

     • Google Panda affects the ranking of an entire site or a specific
       section rather than just the individual pages on a site.

     • Google updated Panda and stated that they are deploying an
       "over-optimization penalty," in order to level the playing field.

     • Look at your whole site for relevant content and links.

     • Fair ways for users to view info they want by better algorithms.

                                                   *Google Panda/ Penguin is a change to Google's search results ranking algorithm that was first released in February 2011.




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
New SEO thinking
         Author Rank
         the higher the rank and reputation of the author, the higher are the chances of their
         content ranking well in search engines plus lining to Google+ profile.

         Equivalency Score Algorithm
         Work in the same way as Google Adword‟s Quality The quality score of the keywords is
         then to rank website accordingly. Quality Score is apportioned by Google to keyword
         optimised ads. This is an indicator of the ads‟ value and relevance to searchers. If 2 or
         more searches provide the same results top slot is randomly given.

         Link Disavow Tool
         The Link Disavow Tool was created to collect data on the backlink structure of sites.
         The tool will be used to improve reporting of spam sites and poor quality backlinks.
         Consequently, blog posts and forum posts can no longer be used to create backlinks.

         Social media presence
         Sharing of content on social networks like Facebook, Twitter, StumbleUpon, Pinterest,
         Delicious, LinkedIn, MySpace and Google+ will be of the utmost importance.

         Digital marketing
         Digital marketing will include the entire spectrum of online marketing from market-
         purposed content creation, through pay-per-click strategies, to use of social media.

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Key new elements



                           Searchable              Relevant content people that search for

                                     +


                                Linked             Links means you are trustable.
                                   =




                             Marketing             being part of social media network
                              strategy



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Marketing strategy is the key


  • SEO to maximise chances of a search engine
    giving you a good ranking on a search page.

  • Web marketing- Includes both web advertising
    and web optimization (SEO), efforts to achieve
    high visibility of a web site.

  • SEO is about strategy, not key just key words.

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Strategy- plan to succeed

      • Establish the target market for your site before you begin
        working on the design or content.

      • What is relevant to your customers?

      • Good copywriting, design style and navigation structure.

      • Part of your social media content.

      • Part of your online marketing links.

      • Quality content.

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Types of marketing
     SEO is branch of the marketing strategy or plan, using all your resources
     wisely. This can or may include all or some of the following

                                          •        Search engine optimization
                                          •        Social media marketing
                                          •        Email marketing
                                          •        Referral marketing
                                          •        Content marketing
                                          •        Search engine marketing
                                          •        Pay per click
                                          •        Cost per impression
                                          •        Search analytics
                                          •        Web analytics
                                          •        Display advertising
                                          •        Contextual advertising
                                          •        Behavioural targeting
                                          •        Affiliate marketing Cost per action
                                          •        Revenue sharing
                                          •        Mobile advertising etc

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Terms to know

   Search engines are reliant on meta data or tags to correctly
   classify a web page, so here are some old terms to know. You
   must know about the old stuff as SEO still uses these tools.

   • Met tag- Meta tags are a great way for to provide search engines with
     information about webpage's.

   • A tag is a non-hierarchical term assigned to a piece of information such as
     an Internet bookmark, digital image, or computer file.

   • Keyword-words describe what your page is about to a search engine.

   • Content- the „Stuffing in your website‟-words, images, video audio files etc.


Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
What the eye misses
                                                   http://www.fineanddandie.co.uk/about.htm




                                                                                              As of 2013


Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
What the computer sees - source code




                                                   Key Words
                                                                               Meta Tags




                                                                              Content


                                                    http://www.fineanddandie.co.uk/about.htm



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Where to find the source code




                                                                     In the menu bar
                                                                      using Explorer
                                                                        click „View‟




                                                              In the menu drop
                                                                down list click
                                                                   „Source‟


       You then see what the computer sees: key words, meta tags and content structure.

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
SEO key parts - still relevant




                                                   Is it relevant
                                                   and trustable?




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Key word search


         • Research keyword phrases extensively.

         • The phrases that people are typing in the
           search engines may be different from
           those that you think they are searching for.

         • To find the optimal for, use research tools
           such as Keyword Discovery, Wordtracker,
           Google AdWords, and Yahoo Search
           Marketing data.
                              •
Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Title tags


   • Integrate your keyword phrases into each
     page‟s unique Title tag as every search
     engine gives them a lot of importance.

   • The information you place in this tag is what
     will show up as the clickable link to your site
     on the search engines.



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Meta tags


  • Meta tags provide search engines with
    information about a website. Meta tags are
    added to the head section of your HTML page
    so computers find sites.
  • Not as important as they once were.

  • But still use them.



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Content is king


    • Write good & unique content.

    • If your content is useful & valuable think of sharing
      it with others, just ensure that you get credit for it
      and a link back.

    • Update the content on your site regularly. This will
      encourage more search engine spider activity and
      faster updates of your site.

    • Integrate keywords into each page and don‟t “stuff”.

Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Linking


  • Get relevant and live incoming links from social
    media and directories as soon as possible.

  • You are after relevant links to your audience. If it
    offers no material benefit to your audience, think
    carefully about the value of it on your site.

  • Submit your site to local, regional, national and
    niche directories.

  • User social media pages.
Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Monitoring and controlling

  • Use Google Sitemap and Yahoo Site Explorer to
    monitor your site to see how often the spiders are
    coming to your site, how many pages are indexed,
    and to analyze the links to your site.

  • Knowing how many pages are indexed is another
    important data you can retrieve from Google
    Sitemap and Yahoo Site Explorer.

  • This data indicates how good your site‟s internal
    structure is and whether your site is crawled
    extensively.
Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Site maps



         • Make sure your site has a site map, which
           is linked to from every page on the site.
         • These are liked by search engine robots
           and helps them to find every page with just
           two clicks.




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Being web crawlier-friendly


     • Program your site to be “crawler-friendly.” This is
       important because if search engines cannot
       search your site, read JavaScript links and
       menus, and interpret graphics and Flash, they
       cannot rank you.

     • you need to provide alternate means of navigation
       on your site, such as via HTML links in the main
       navigation on every page which link to the top-
       level pages of your site.


Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Domain names



         • Avoid buying multiple domains for one site.
           Multiple domains do not help you at all.

         • Keep it simple.

         • Longer the name more errors in spelling or
           understanding can happen.


Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Social networks-the key to future SEO



   • Contribute to social networks particular in your
     sector or audience.
   • This will enable promotion of traffic to your
     site.
   • Higher trustable and author ranking




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Paid adverts



      • Pay Per Click – Adwords, Yahoo, Miva etc
      • E-Mail marketing campaigns
      • Banner Advertising




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
PPC - pay per click
                                                   Paid for
                                                   adverts




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
PPC




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
PPC

        •          Key phrase targeted
        •          Pay per click, not per impression
        •          Prominence of ad is based on bidding
        •          Quicker than organic
        •          Click costs can be high – conversion is important
        •          SEO for high volume low intent – PPC for long tail?
        •          Bid to be near the top?
        •          Flexibility
        •          Click fraud



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Google adwords



      • It‟s the market leader
      • Its simple to use
      • Offers tracking facilities




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Warning- do not get kicked out of the web

           • New Google SEO system will panda you if you try to cheat!
           • Don‟t use other people‟s copy to fill your own website. It needs to be unique and
             original to get you to the top!
           • Don‟t hide text on your website. Google could and will eventually remove you from the
             serps (search engine results pages).
           • Don‟t buy 1,000 links and think “that will get me to the top!”. Google likes natural link
             growth and often frowns on mass link buying.
           • Don‟t get every body to link to you using the same “anchor text” or link phrase.
           • Think quality of links….not quantity.
           • Don‟t buy many keyword rich domains, fill them with similar content and link them to
             your site, no matter what your SEO company says. This is lazy SEO and could see
             you ignored or worse, banned from Google.
           • Do not constantly change your site pages names or site navigation. Search Engines
             don‟t like it.
           • Do not build a site with JavaScript navigation that Google, Yahoo and MSN cannot
             crawl to catalogue.
           • Do not link to everybody who asks you for reciprocal links. Only link to quality sites
             you feel can be trusted.
           • Do not submit your website to Google via submission tools. Get a link on a trusted site
             and you will get into Google in a week or less.
           • Do not ignore what your site will look like on mobiles phones.



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Use your head



            • Its simple – know your customers

            • You can do it

            • Have a marketing strategy

            • Stand out from 633 million+ web sites!




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Summary



                           Searchable              Relevant content that people search for

                                     +


                                Linked             Are you are trustable.
                                   =




                             Marketing             Is it part of a social media plan?
                             Strategy



Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Thank you


                          Telephone:               0161 306 5848

                          Email:                   info@spartapay.co.uk

                          Address:                 Spartapay
                                                   University of Manchester
                                                   Arch 29, PO Box 88
                                                   Sackville Street
                                                   Manchester M 13NL
                                                   www.spartapay.co.uk




Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
Sample of Pay for click providers


     •          Google Adwords (http://adwords.google.com)
     •          Yahoo! Search Marketing
                (http://searchmarketing.yahoo.com)
     •          Microsoft adCenter
                (http://adcenter.microsoft.com)
     •          MIVA Pay Per Click, Pay Per Call and Pay Per
                Text (www.miva.com)
     •          SEO http://www.webconfs.com/seo-tutorial/seo-
                and-keywords.php


Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay

Seo 2013 city library v2

  • 1.
    Search Engine Optimisation Zulf Choudhary Director Supported By Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 2.
    Content 1. What is SEO 2. Why Is SEO relevant? 3. What is new in SEO 4. New thinking 5. Key concepts 6. Marketing strategy is the key 7. What is marketing strategy? 8. Terms to know 9. What the eye misses 10. What computer sees 11. Types of marketing • Keyword research • Content development • Link building • Paid per clicks • Adwords • What is best for you 7. Warning 8. Summary Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 3.
    About us We create bespoke mobile and web platforms  Software outsourcing and social banking for over 10 years  Key insight is social engagement and inclusion  We are a spin out from The University of Manchester  Lots of expertise  Staff with varies IT backgrounds from private to public sector  Good knowledge base at the Manchester University Voted best EU IT Project 2007 Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 4.
    What is SearchEngine Optimisation • Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the volume and quality of traffic to a website from search engines using "natural" ("organic" or "algorithmic") search results. Getting visibility. • The objective is to get a good ranking in when people search the web for information. Why: The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.* This is how computers read, translate and present data on your screen. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay *http://www.w3.org/Protocols/
  • 5.
    Why SEO isrelevant? Knowledge starts and ends with a search • 633 million websites in the world today* • 200,000+ increase per month in websites* • When people surf the internet, they are looking for specific information. • Whatever niche or market you are in there is going to be competition. • If your website isn't on page 1, you stand less chance of getting sales? *http://techlogon.com/2011/11/15/how-many-websites-are-there-in-the-world/ Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 6.
    New SEO -Google Panda updates A game changer in SEO, stops the old tricks of SEO • Google Panda affects the ranking of an entire site or a specific section rather than just the individual pages on a site. • Google updated Panda and stated that they are deploying an "over-optimization penalty," in order to level the playing field. • Look at your whole site for relevant content and links. • Fair ways for users to view info they want by better algorithms. *Google Panda/ Penguin is a change to Google's search results ranking algorithm that was first released in February 2011. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 7.
    New SEO thinking Author Rank the higher the rank and reputation of the author, the higher are the chances of their content ranking well in search engines plus lining to Google+ profile. Equivalency Score Algorithm Work in the same way as Google Adword‟s Quality The quality score of the keywords is then to rank website accordingly. Quality Score is apportioned by Google to keyword optimised ads. This is an indicator of the ads‟ value and relevance to searchers. If 2 or more searches provide the same results top slot is randomly given. Link Disavow Tool The Link Disavow Tool was created to collect data on the backlink structure of sites. The tool will be used to improve reporting of spam sites and poor quality backlinks. Consequently, blog posts and forum posts can no longer be used to create backlinks. Social media presence Sharing of content on social networks like Facebook, Twitter, StumbleUpon, Pinterest, Delicious, LinkedIn, MySpace and Google+ will be of the utmost importance. Digital marketing Digital marketing will include the entire spectrum of online marketing from market- purposed content creation, through pay-per-click strategies, to use of social media. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 8.
    Key new elements Searchable Relevant content people that search for + Linked Links means you are trustable. = Marketing being part of social media network strategy Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 9.
    Marketing strategy isthe key • SEO to maximise chances of a search engine giving you a good ranking on a search page. • Web marketing- Includes both web advertising and web optimization (SEO), efforts to achieve high visibility of a web site. • SEO is about strategy, not key just key words. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 10.
    Strategy- plan tosucceed • Establish the target market for your site before you begin working on the design or content. • What is relevant to your customers? • Good copywriting, design style and navigation structure. • Part of your social media content. • Part of your online marketing links. • Quality content. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 11.
    Types of marketing SEO is branch of the marketing strategy or plan, using all your resources wisely. This can or may include all or some of the following • Search engine optimization • Social media marketing • Email marketing • Referral marketing • Content marketing • Search engine marketing • Pay per click • Cost per impression • Search analytics • Web analytics • Display advertising • Contextual advertising • Behavioural targeting • Affiliate marketing Cost per action • Revenue sharing • Mobile advertising etc Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 12.
    Terms to know Search engines are reliant on meta data or tags to correctly classify a web page, so here are some old terms to know. You must know about the old stuff as SEO still uses these tools. • Met tag- Meta tags are a great way for to provide search engines with information about webpage's. • A tag is a non-hierarchical term assigned to a piece of information such as an Internet bookmark, digital image, or computer file. • Keyword-words describe what your page is about to a search engine. • Content- the „Stuffing in your website‟-words, images, video audio files etc. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 13.
    What the eyemisses http://www.fineanddandie.co.uk/about.htm As of 2013 Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 14.
    What the computersees - source code Key Words Meta Tags Content http://www.fineanddandie.co.uk/about.htm Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 15.
    Where to findthe source code In the menu bar using Explorer click „View‟ In the menu drop down list click „Source‟ You then see what the computer sees: key words, meta tags and content structure. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 16.
    SEO key parts- still relevant Is it relevant and trustable? Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 17.
    Key word search • Research keyword phrases extensively. • The phrases that people are typing in the search engines may be different from those that you think they are searching for. • To find the optimal for, use research tools such as Keyword Discovery, Wordtracker, Google AdWords, and Yahoo Search Marketing data. • Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 18.
    Title tags • Integrate your keyword phrases into each page‟s unique Title tag as every search engine gives them a lot of importance. • The information you place in this tag is what will show up as the clickable link to your site on the search engines. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 19.
    Meta tags • Meta tags provide search engines with information about a website. Meta tags are added to the head section of your HTML page so computers find sites. • Not as important as they once were. • But still use them. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 20.
    Content is king • Write good & unique content. • If your content is useful & valuable think of sharing it with others, just ensure that you get credit for it and a link back. • Update the content on your site regularly. This will encourage more search engine spider activity and faster updates of your site. • Integrate keywords into each page and don‟t “stuff”. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 21.
    Linking •Get relevant and live incoming links from social media and directories as soon as possible. • You are after relevant links to your audience. If it offers no material benefit to your audience, think carefully about the value of it on your site. • Submit your site to local, regional, national and niche directories. • User social media pages. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 22.
    Monitoring and controlling • Use Google Sitemap and Yahoo Site Explorer to monitor your site to see how often the spiders are coming to your site, how many pages are indexed, and to analyze the links to your site. • Knowing how many pages are indexed is another important data you can retrieve from Google Sitemap and Yahoo Site Explorer. • This data indicates how good your site‟s internal structure is and whether your site is crawled extensively. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 23.
    Site maps • Make sure your site has a site map, which is linked to from every page on the site. • These are liked by search engine robots and helps them to find every page with just two clicks. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 24.
    Being web crawlier-friendly • Program your site to be “crawler-friendly.” This is important because if search engines cannot search your site, read JavaScript links and menus, and interpret graphics and Flash, they cannot rank you. • you need to provide alternate means of navigation on your site, such as via HTML links in the main navigation on every page which link to the top- level pages of your site. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 25.
    Domain names • Avoid buying multiple domains for one site. Multiple domains do not help you at all. • Keep it simple. • Longer the name more errors in spelling or understanding can happen. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 26.
    Social networks-the keyto future SEO • Contribute to social networks particular in your sector or audience. • This will enable promotion of traffic to your site. • Higher trustable and author ranking Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 27.
    Paid adverts • Pay Per Click – Adwords, Yahoo, Miva etc • E-Mail marketing campaigns • Banner Advertising Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 28.
    PPC - payper click Paid for adverts Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 29.
  • 30.
    PPC • Key phrase targeted • Pay per click, not per impression • Prominence of ad is based on bidding • Quicker than organic • Click costs can be high – conversion is important • SEO for high volume low intent – PPC for long tail? • Bid to be near the top? • Flexibility • Click fraud Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 31.
    Google adwords • It‟s the market leader • Its simple to use • Offers tracking facilities Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 32.
    Warning- do notget kicked out of the web • New Google SEO system will panda you if you try to cheat! • Don‟t use other people‟s copy to fill your own website. It needs to be unique and original to get you to the top! • Don‟t hide text on your website. Google could and will eventually remove you from the serps (search engine results pages). • Don‟t buy 1,000 links and think “that will get me to the top!”. Google likes natural link growth and often frowns on mass link buying. • Don‟t get every body to link to you using the same “anchor text” or link phrase. • Think quality of links….not quantity. • Don‟t buy many keyword rich domains, fill them with similar content and link them to your site, no matter what your SEO company says. This is lazy SEO and could see you ignored or worse, banned from Google. • Do not constantly change your site pages names or site navigation. Search Engines don‟t like it. • Do not build a site with JavaScript navigation that Google, Yahoo and MSN cannot crawl to catalogue. • Do not link to everybody who asks you for reciprocal links. Only link to quality sites you feel can be trusted. • Do not submit your website to Google via submission tools. Get a link on a trusted site and you will get into Google in a week or less. • Do not ignore what your site will look like on mobiles phones. Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 33.
    Use your head • Its simple – know your customers • You can do it • Have a marketing strategy • Stand out from 633 million+ web sites! Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 34.
    Summary Searchable Relevant content that people search for + Linked Are you are trustable. = Marketing Is it part of a social media plan? Strategy Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 35.
    Thank you Telephone: 0161 306 5848 Email: info@spartapay.co.uk Address: Spartapay University of Manchester Arch 29, PO Box 88 Sackville Street Manchester M 13NL www.spartapay.co.uk Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay
  • 36.
    Sample of Payfor click providers • Google Adwords (http://adwords.google.com) • Yahoo! Search Marketing (http://searchmarketing.yahoo.com) • Microsoft adCenter (http://adcenter.microsoft.com) • MIVA Pay Per Click, Pay Per Call and Pay Per Text (www.miva.com) • SEO http://www.webconfs.com/seo-tutorial/seo- and-keywords.php Copyright Sparta Technologies 2013 t/a SpartaPay