This document outlines 5 skills for identifying subjects and verbs in sentences with one clause: 1. Ensure the sentence has at least one subject and one verb. 2. Be careful of objects of prepositions, which are not subjects. 3. Be careful of appositives, which can come before or after the subject. 4. Present participles can be verbs when accompanied by a form of "to be" or adjectives otherwise. 5. Past participles appear with "have" or "be" and can be verbs or adjectives, and their form is sometimes the same as the simple past tense.

1. Sentences with one clause
Skill 1 - 5

2. Skill 1: Be sure the sentence has a subject
and a verb
 A sentences in English must have at least one SUBJECT
and one VERB.
The boy will be going to the movies with a friend
Engineers are needed for work on the new space program.
Traffic was backed up for miles on the freeway

3. Skill 2: Be careful of objects of prepositions
 An OBJECT of a PREPOSITION is a noun, pronoun,
gerund or noun clause that comes after a preposition,
such as in, at, of, to, by, behind, on and so on, to form a
prepositional phrase.
After his exams Tom will take a trip by boat.
If a word is an object of a preposition, it is NOT the subject.

4. Skill 3: Be careful of appositives
 An APPOSITIVES is a noun that comes before or after
another noun and has the same meaning.
Sally, the best student in then class, got an A on the exam.
The best student in the class, Sally got an A on the exam.

5.  The following appositive structures are both possible in
English:
S, APP, V
Tom, a really good mechanic, is fixing the car.
APP, S V
A really good mechanic, Tom is fixing the car.

6. Skill 4: Be careful of present participles
 A PRESENT PARTICIPLE is the –ing form of the verb. It
can be a part of the verb or an adjective.
The man is talking to his friend.
Verb
The mas talking to his friend has a beard.
Adjective

7.  When it is accompanied by some form of the verb be, is a
verb.
The boy is standing in the corner.
 And when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb
be is an adjective.
The boy standing in the corner was naughty.

8. Skill 5: Be careful of past participles
 The PAST PARTICIPLE is the form of the verb that
appears with have or be. Its often ends in –ed, but there
are also many irregular past participles in English.
The family has purchased a television.
Verb
The television purchased yesterday was expensive.
Adjective

9.  For many verbs, including –ed verbs, the simple past an
the past participle are the same and can be easily
confused.
 The -ed form of the verb cab be the simple past, the
past participle of the verb, or an adjective.
1. She painted this picture.
2. She has painted this picture.
3. The picture painted by Karen is now in a museum.