3. Robot…?
A re-programmable, multifunctional,
automatic machine designed to replace
human in hazardous work. It can be used
as :-
•An automatic machine sweeper
•An automatic car for a child to play with
•A machine removing mines in a war field
•In space
•In military , and many more..
4. Robotics is science of designing an application of robots.
Robotics may be defines as “The Study of Robots”.
Robotics is needed because:-
• Speed
• Can work in hazardous/dangerous temperature
• Can do repetitive tasks
• Can do work with accuracy
6. The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer
Karel Capek(1890-1938) in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's
Universal Robots), published in 1920. The play begins in a
factory that makes artificial people called robots .
The word "robotics", used to describe this field of
study, was coined accidentally by the Russian –born ,
American scientist and science fiction writer, Isaac
Asimov(1920-1992) in 1940s.
7. 1. Robot: The type of robot that will be used in the a partictuar
situation needs to be addresed before any tasks can be completed
2. Ranking:The actions that a robot will need to complete
have to be ranked to help the robot determine what it will
do first or next
3. Relevance: If a task is given to the robot, it needs to determine if
that task meets the requirements of the tasks that it has been
programed to complete
4. Results: Looking at outcomes of the tasks completed
to make sure that the robot is as effective as it can be
13. Mobile robots are of two types….
Rolling robots have wheels to move around.
They can quickly and easily search.
However they are only useful in flat areas.
Robots on legs are usually brought in when
the terrain is rocky. Most robots have at least
4 legs; usually they have 6 or more.
14. TONOMOUS
Robots are not only used to explore areas or
imitate a human being. Most robots perform
repeating tasks without ever moving an inch.
Most robots are ‘working’ in industry settings
and are stationary .
Autonomous robots are self supporting
or in other words self contained. In a way
they rely on their own ‘brains’.
15. A person can guide a robot by remote control.
A person can perform difficult and usually
dangerous tasks without being at the spot
where the tasks are performed.
Virtual robots don’t exits In real life. Virtual
robots are just programs, building blocks of
software inside a computer.
16. Going to far away planets.
Giving us information that humans can't get
Working at places 24/7
They can perform tasks faster than humans
and much more consistently and accurately
Most of them are automatic so they can go
around by themselves without any human
interference.
17. Designing of Robot
Assembling
Programming
Assembling parts
1. Sensors
2. Motors
3. Microcontroller
18. Sensors
A sensor is a device that changes a
physical parameter to an electrical
output.
Connected to input port of the
system
Output is Electrical signal
19. Actuator
*An actuator is a component of a machine
that is responsible for moving and controlling
a mechanism or system, for example by
opening a valve. In simple terms, it is a
"mover“
*Connected to out port of the system
*Output is movement
20.
21. Electronic sensors
Temperature Sensor
IR Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor
Touch Sensor
Proximity Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Gyro Sensor
Smoke and Gas Sensor
22. Working of Sensor
Sensor: Electronic devices that measure any physical
quantities (Temperature, Light, Pressure etc.)
On sensing physical quantity it produces voltage or
current signal
This electrical signal is used to determine the values for
appropriate physical quantity.
23. Types of Sensors
Two types sensors
1. Active 2. Passive
Active sensor requires a source of power in
order to operate
Ex: LM 35, Ultra Sonic & IR sensor
Passive sensor does not require external
source of power
Ex: LDR Light Dependent Resistor
24. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
Light sensors are resistors that change
resistance when the intensity of the (visible)
light changes
More light intensity lesser
will be resistance
26. PIR Sensor
Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor)
It measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in
its field of view.
They are most often used in motion detectors
Objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit
heat radiation in the form IR. (Used to detect human
body)
