This document discusses sensors used in car engines. It provides details on 8 common sensors: 1) intake air temperature sensor, 2) mass air flow sensor, 3) engine speed sensor, 4) manifold absolute pressure sensor, 5) oxygen sensor, 6) spark knock sensor, 7) fuel temperature sensor, and 8) voltage sensor. Each sensor monitors a different parameter, such as air temperature, air flow, engine speed, fuel ratio, and more, and provides information to the engine control unit to optimize engine performance.

1. Name :- shubham puri goswami
Registration no. :- 11802848
Roll no. :- 24
Section :- M1891

2. What is sensor
Sensors are sophisticated device that are frequently used to detects and respond
to electrical or optical signals.
A sensor converts the physical parameters into a signal which can measured
electrically.

4. Sensor used in car engine
 1. intake air temperature sensor
 2. the mass air flow sensor
 3. the engine speed sensor
 4. manifold absolute pressure sensor
 5. oxygen sensor
 6. spark knock sensor
 7. fuel temperature sensor
 8. voltage sensor (etc.)

5. 1. Intake air temperature sensor
The IAT sensor measures the air
temperature flowing into cylinders
through the intake pipes. It is often
integrated with MAF sensor but it can be
externally fitted on intake pipes.
2. Mass air flow sensor
The MAF sensor measures the air flowing into
engine . It does often use a hot wire that gets
cooled down by the air flow, then it converts the
resistance to air flow mass and gives the
information to the engine control unit (ECU)

6. 3. Engine speed sensor
Engine Speed Sensor is attached to the
crankshaft and monitors the spinning
speed of the crankshaft, which controls the
fuel injection and timing of the engine.
4. Manifold absolute pressure sensor
The MAP sensor also measures the air coming into
engine, but in a different way. While the MAF sensor
measures the flow of air, the MAP sensor measures
the density of the air.

7. 5. Oxygen sensor
this determines the ratio of fuel to air in your
engine, which is called the fuel ratio. It’s used
by the engine’s computer to see if fuel is
being metered properly.
6. Spark knock sensor
A spark knock sensor ensures that the fuel is burning smoothly
and not detonating (exploding erratically). Detonation can
cause the head gasket to fail, piston lands to crack and rings
to break, as well as possible rod bearing damage.

8. 7. Fuel temperature sensor
The fuel temperature sensor measures the temperature of fuel.
Depending if the fuel temperature is high or low, it may differ in
how much fuel that is required for optimal combustion. The fuel
temperature sensor sends a signal to the engine control unit to
increase or decrease the amount of required fuel depending on
the temperature.
8. Voltage sensor
This sensor manages the idling speed of the car and
ensures the speed is increased or decreased as
necessary.