Showcase local resources or organizations that can provide help. Slide 12: Advocacy and Social Responsibility Encourage the audience to take an active role in advocating for change. Highlight the importance of social responsibility in addressing these issues. Slide 13: Conclusion Summarize key takeaways from the presentation. Reiterate the importance of sensitizing and handling social issues for health and family development. Slide 14: Questions and Discussion Open the floor for questions and engage the audience in a discussion. Slide 15: Additional Resources Provide a list of recommended readings, websites, and support organizations for further information. Slide 16: Thank You Thank the audience for their attention and participation. Share contact information for follow-up inquiries. Slide 17: References Cite sources and references used in the presentation. Slide 18: Contact Information Display your contact information and encourage the audience to reach out for more information or assistance. Slide 19: Q&A Session

1. Presented By-
Ramandeep Kaur
Neetu Kamboj
Amarjeet Singh
Poonam Kamboj
Simran Kaur
Dhanveer Prakash
Co-ordinator -
Respected Vijay sir
(Nursing Tutor)

2. SENITIZE AND HANDLE SOCIAL
ISSUES AFFECTING HEALTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF AND
FAMILY
SEMINAR
ON

3. INTRODUCTION
 Social issues/social evils in Indian
society have become a serious concern
in the present day world .It is gradually
affecting the roots of our culture and is
blocking its rapid growth on the global
chart .
 Unemployment , illiteracy ,corruption,
urbanization , gender discrimination,
domestic violence, poverty, population,
explosion and lust for money are all
social evils prevailing in the country.

4. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

5. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Women empowerment is very essential for the
development of society.
According to United National Development Fund for
women ,the term women empowerment means ;
1. Acquiring knowledge and understanding of gender
relations and the ways in which these relations
may be changed.
2. Developing a sense self- worth, a belief in one’s
ability to secure desired changes and the right to
control one’s life.
3. Gaining the ability to generate choice exercise
bargaining power.
4. Developing the ability to organize and influence
the direction to social change ,to creat more
social and economic order, national and
internationally.

6. DEFINITIONS
 "Women's empowerment can be
conceptualized as increasing women's
self-esteem, abilities to create rational
decisions, and right to effect
revolutionary change for themselves
and others.“
Women empowerment is empowering
the women take their own to take
decisions for their personal developm-
ent as well as social development.

7. GOVERMENT ENACTMENTS
1) The hindu widow re-marriage act of
1856
2) Tthe child marriage restraintact of 1929
3) The hindu marriage act of 1955
4) The Hindu women rights to property act
of 1937
5) The dowry prohibition act 1961

8. GOALS AND OBJECTIVESINCLUDE
•1. Creating an environment through positive economic and social
policies for full development of women to enable them to realize their full
potential.
• 2. All human rights and fundamental freedom by women on equal basis
with men in all spheres political, economic, social, cultural and civil.
3. Equal access to participation and decision making of women in social,
political and economic life of the nation.
• 4. Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all levels,
career and vocational guddance, employment, equal remuneration,
occupational health and safety, social securitypublic office, etc
•5. Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of
discrimination women.against.

9. WOMEN ABUSE

10.  Women abuse is defined as any act of gender based
voilence that results in or is likely to result in
physical,sexual or psychological harm or suffering to a
women, whether occuring in public or private life.
 Violence against women refers to, any act of gender based
violence that results in or likely to result – in physical,
sexual, mental harm or suffering to women including
threats of such acts, coercion or deprivation of liberty,
whether occurring in public or private place.

11. TYPES OF WOMEN ABUSE
 Physical Voilence
 Sexual voilence
 Emotional voilence
 Psychological Voilence
 Spritiual Voilence
 Cultural Voilence
 Verbal Abuse
 Fianancial Abuse
 Neglact

12. LAWS RELATING TO VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN
 Laws relating to VAW can be broadly classified at
Etegies1.
 : Crimes under IPC :Rape, Hidropping and dection
dont dephysically, molestation est harassment
 Gender Specific Lawns:.
a) Pre-conception and prenatal diagnostic face,
b) b. Medical termination of pregnaneys, 1971
c) c. Dowry prohibition act, 1961,
d) d. Protection of women from domestic viodes,

13. MEASURES TO PREVENT WOMEN ABUSE
 . Change in the thinking of the egelety about the of
women
 Women awareness must be there the set.
 Increase self confidence and strength of women
against exploitation.
 There should be provision for women protection
and inity.
 Provision of economic safety for the women

14. FEMALE FETICIDE

15. Definition of female feticide: -
“It is defined as aborting a female fetus
after sex determination test”.
Definition of Sex Selection: -
“Sex selection is any act of identifying
the sex of the fetus and elimination of
the fetus if it is of the unwanted sex."

16. CAUSES OF FEMALE FETICIDE
•Girls are considered as financial obligation by many
parents.
•Fear of dowry by many families.
•Advancement in technology, nowadays parent determines
the sex of a child before birth.
•Some of the doctors do this heinous act to fulfill their
money desire
• obsession for son.
•poor class

17. Facts about Girl Child
 According to the latest census 2011, the
overall sex ratio in India is 914 females per 1000
males.
 A deficit of 60 females per 1000 males,
translates into a deficit of about 37 million (3.7
crore) females in India

18. COMMERCIAL SEX-WORKERS

19. COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS
Definitions
"A person past puberty who receives money or goods in exchange for
sexual services and consciously defines those activities as income
generating. The definition of the gender of the people involved and
whether or not they do this on a full, part time or occasional basis".
"Sex workers are adults who receive money or goods in exchange for
sexual services, either regularly or occasion-ally. A sex worker can be
male, female or transgender. In most countries, sex work and activities
associated within are criminal acts".
"Prostitution is defined as an act of engaging in sexual activity in
exchange for money or goods."

20. CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION
1. Poverty
2. Broken homes
3. Mental illness4
4. Uneducated women
5. Widows and divorcees
6. Prestigious life
7. Over sexual desires
8. Indebtedness
9. False hope of marriage
10. Influence of peer group

21. TYPES OF PROSTITUTION
1. Street prostitution
2. Escort or out-call prostitution
3. Sex tourism
4. Ritualized prostitution

22. PERSPECTIVES ON SEX WORKER
Perspectives on sex worker's rights generally fall into two categories:
Traditionally feminist perspective: - The first perspective is the
traditionally feminist perspective assumes that all people involved in sex
work have been coerced, bribed, blackmailed or forced into the trade.
Legitimate business perspective: - The second perspective is that sex
work is legitimate business. No one can deny that sex work often
involves poor health, financial exploitation and physical and sexual
abuse.

23. COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS
Aspects of Commercial Sex
Law
The main law dealing with people in sex work is the Immoral Trafficking
(Prevention) Act (ITPA) of 1986, which seeks to prevent trafficking of persons in
India It, also allows for eviction of sex workers from their residences in the name
of "public interest". The prohibition against "public solicitation" is particularly
ambiguous.
Rescue and Restore
One strategy that has been used by international anti-trafficking groups and Indian
law enforcement officials have been "rescue and restore" missions. The ITPA has
offences like detaining a person "with or without his consent" in premises where
prostitution is carried on or taking a person, "with or without his consent" for the
purpose of prostitution.
Stigma and Marginalization
Stigmatization is experienced as the major factor that prevents women in sex work
from accessing their rights. Due to this discrimination, women in sex work have
been denied safety, proper healthcare, education and most importantly.

24. HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS has served to further stigmatize sex workers by labeling them as
"vectors" and "carriers" of the disease. Disregarding the complex web of
political, economic and social factors affecting heterosexual transmission of
the virus, public health officials have singled out women in prostitution as core
transmitters. It is little recognized that sex workers can be powerful actors in
preventing the spread of HIV.
Education
Lack of education is a major inhibitor among both sex workers and their
children. Studies have shown that women in sex work have considerably lower
levels of education than surrounding populations.
Prevention and Control of Prostitution
1. Sex education
2. Change of rigid social customs
3. Job opportunities
4. Social education and propaganda
5. Adequate legislation
6. Rehabilitation

26. Definition: -
• According to WHO, "Child abuse or
maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical
and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse,
neglect or negligent treatment or commercial
or other exploitation, resulting in actual or
potential harm to the child's health, survival,
development or dignity in the context of a
relationship of responsibility, trust or power'

27.  Physical Abuse: Physical abuse is the inflicting of physical injury upon a child.
This may include burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating or
otherwise harming a child.
 Sexual Abuse: Sexual abuse is inappropriate sexual behavior with a child. It
includes fondling a child's genitals, making the child fondle the adult's genitals,
intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism and sexual exploitation.
 Emotional Abuse: Emotional abuse is also known as verbal abuse . It includes
acts or the failures to act by parents or caretakers that have caused or could cause,
serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental trauma.
 Neglect: It is the failure to provide for the child's basic needs. Neglect can be
physical, educa- tional or emotional.

28. CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM
SOCIETY
FAMILY
CHILD
STATE
SCHOOL / INSTITUTE

29. Preventing child maltreatment requires a multispectral
approach.
These include:
1. Visits by nurses to parents and children in their homes to provide
support, education and in-formation.
2. Parent education, usually delivered in groups, to improve child-
rearing skills, increase knowl-edge of child development and
encourage positive child management strategies.
3. Multi-component interventions, which typically include support
and education of parents, pre-school education and child care.
4. The education to children..
5. Psychiatric help to the abuser.
6. Reporting of child sexual abuse.
7. Parental education.
PREVENTION

30. NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS ADDRESSING
CHILD RIGHTS
National Policies
The major policies and legislations formulated in the country
to ensure child rights and improve-ment in their status include:
1. National policy for children, 1974.
2. National policy on education, 1986.
3. National policy on child labour, 1987
4. National nutrition policy, 1993.
5. Trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of women
and children, 19986. National health policy, 2002
6. National charter for children, 2004.
7. National plan of action for children.

31. National Legislation
 National legislations for protection of child rights in the
country are:
1. Guardian and wards act, 1890.
2. Factories act, 1954.
3. Hindu adoption and maintenance act, 1956.
4. Probation of offenders act, 1958
5. Bombay prevention of begging act, 1959
6. Orphanages and other charitable homes (supervision
and control) act, 1960.
7. Prevention of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances act, 1987
8. Pre-natal diagnostic techniques (regulation and
prevention of misuse) act, 1994

33. ABUSE OF ELDERS
 According to WHO, 2002 abuse of elders refers to, "A
single or repeated act or lack of appropriate action
occurring within any relationship where there is an
expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to
an older person".
 A non-accidental act or omission, which undermines
the life, the physical and psychological integrity of an
older person or harms the development of his/her
personality or damage his/her financial security".

34. CAUSES
OF
ELDER
ABUSE
Dependent
for
basic Needs
Withdrawal
depression or
helplessness
Negative
attitude
And
Dehumanizing
stereotype
Emotionally
weak
Physical or
Mental
imapirment
Fear
Voilence
Financially
weak

35. TYPE OF ELDER ABUSE
Physical
abuse
Sexual
abuse
Neglact
Financial/
marital
abuse
Psychological
/emotional
abuse

36. 1. Physical Abuse: Includes behavior toward an elderly person which results in
bodily harm injury, unnecessary pain, unreasonable confinement, punishment,
coercion or mental distress Examples of physical abuse include the infliction
of injury, such as dislocation or bone fracture.
2. Psychological/Emotional Abuse: This form of abuse includes threats or
actions directed at an elderly person in an effort to provoke the fear of
violence or isolation and which may result in mental anguish, anxiety or
depression.
3. Financial/Material Abuse: Included in this form of abuse is any behavior by a
relative or caregiver, without the knowledge and consent of the older person,
that results in financial exploitation.
4. Neglect: Neglect include a breach of duty or carelessness that results in injury
or violation of the older persons rights, deliberate abandonment, denial of
food, medication or health related services.
TYPES OF ELDER ABUSE

37. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ELDER ABUSE
1. Changes in personality or behavior in the elder.
2. Fear, anxiety, depression or passiveness in
relation to a family member, friend or care
provider.
3. Unexplained physical injuries, such as bruises,
sprains or broken bones.
4. Behavior that mimics dementia, such as
rocking, sucking or mumbling to oneself.

38. STEPS TOWARD PREVENTION OF ELDER ABUSE
1. The prevention of elder abuse is dependent on numerous
factors.
2. Develop a greater awareness among the public about the nature
and scope of elder abuse.
3. Development of programmes to help families who wish to care
for elderly members at home.
4. Development of more resources to provide meals, day care,
transportation, counseling and help with daily tasks.
5. Watch for warning signs that might indicate elder abuse. If you
suspect abuse, report it.

39. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR HEALTH CARE OF THE ELDERLY: - In
the programme, it is envisaged providing promotional, preventive, curative and
rehabilitative services in an integrated manner for the elderly in various
Government health facilities.
PACKAGES OF SERVICES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
NATIONAL LEVEL
Regional geriatric centre
DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Daily geriatric clinic (10 beds)
CHC/PHC
Geriatric clinic on fixed days.
SUB CENTRE
Home based care

40. FOOD ADULTERATION

41. FOOD ADULTERATION
"Food adulteration is the process of addition of an impure, cheap or unnecessary
ingredient to cheat with, cheapen or falsify a preparation.
“Act of intentionally debasing the quality of food offered for sale either by the add
mixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable
ingredient". "An adulterate is to make impure by addition which thus leads to
adulteration".
1. Mixing any non edible or any other substance.
2. Exchanging the main principal item in the food article.
3. Removing something from the original food article.
4. Misbranding or cheating by fraud or similar name.
5. Mislabeling.
6. Adding rotten things.
7. Adding toxic things.
8. Excessive use of food additives.

42. HEALTH HAZARDS OF ADULTERATION
1. Breaking of teeth and adverse effect on the lining of the digestive tract.
2. Cause gastrointestinal disturbances like diarrhea, infections.
3. Stomach or intestinal cancer.
4. Toxicity due to toxic sweeteners, additives, colors, etc.
5. Lathyrism due to consumption of Kesari dal.
6. Epidemic dropsy due to consumption of argemone oil mixed mustard
oil.
7. Various abnormalities of bone, eyes, skin and lungs.
8. Anemia

43. SIMPLE SCREENING TEST FOR DETECTING ADULTERATION IN COMMON FOOD
Food Article Adulterant Simple Method
Milk Water Put a drop of milk on polished vertical surface. The drop of pure milk either stops
or flows slowly leaving a white trail behind it. Whereas milk adulterated with
water will flow immediately without leaving a blue mark.
Mustard seeds Argemone seeds Argemone seeds have rough surface and mustard seeds is yellow inside while
argemone seed is white.
Ice cream Washing powder Put some lemon juice, bubbles are observed on the presence of washing powder

44. PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION ACT 1954
prevention of food adulteration programme, a legislation called
"Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954" was enacted. And the
act has been amended thrice in 1964, 1976 and in 1986.
The subject of the prevention of food adulteration is in the
concurrent list of the constitution. In general, the enforcement of
the Act is done by the State/UT Governments. The central
Government primarily plays an advisory role in its implementation
In India, a three-tier system is in vogue for ensuring food quality
and food safety. They are:
Local Bodies
State/UT Government
Government of India

45. OBJECTIVES
1. To protect the public from poisonous and harmful
foods.
2 . To prevent the sale of substandard foods.
3. To ensure pure and wholesome food to the consumer.
4. To prevent fraud or deception.
5. To plug the loopholes and making the punishments
more stringent:
6. To empower consumers and voluntary organizations to
play a more effective role in its implementation.

46. SUBSTANCE ABUSE

47. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Definitions According to WHO, "Substance abuse can be defined as using a
drug in a way that it is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite
negative consequences".
Drug: "A drug is defined as a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, care,
treatment and prevention of disease". Drug abuse: "Drug abuse is simply excessive
use of a drug or use of a drug for disease for which is it was not medically
intended".
Drug addiction: "A companion to continue taking a drug during after periodic
or continued administration of the substances"..
Withdrawal Symptoms: "Withdrawal symptoms are the negative physiological
and psycho-logical symptoms that occur when the drug is reduced or no longer
taken"..

48. Criteria for Substances Dependence
 A long desire or sense of compulsion to take the substance.
 Difficulties in controlling substance.
 A physiological withdrawal state when substance use has ceased
or been reduced.
 Evidence of tolerance such that increased doses of the psycho
active substance are required in order to achieve effects originally
produced by the withdraw doses.
 Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests because
of psycho active, increased amount of time necessary to obtain
or take the substance of to recover from its effects.
 Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of overtly
harmful consequences, such as harm to the liver, depressive
mood states or impairment of cognitive functioning.

49. CAUSES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 1. Biological factors: Genetic venerability (family history),
personality disorder, medical disorder, continuation of
drug use , withdrawal effects and craving.
 2. Psychological factor: Social non-conformity, poor
impulse control, sensation seeking, low self- esteem, poor
stress management, childhood trauma, relief from
fatigue, escape from reality, lack of interest, psychological
distress.
 Social factor: Easily availability of alcohol and drugs,
interfamilial conflicts, religious reason, poor social
support/familial support, rapid urbanization.
 Youth culture: Adolescents try to follow the peer group.
They also try to be a part of the group.

50. COMMONLY USED SUBSTANCES
 Narcotics : opium,morphine,heroine
 Sedatives/depressants: ethylealchohal; whiskey
sedative; penobarbital, phenobarbital.
hypnotics; doridone.
 Stimulants: cocaine, amophetamine
 Hallucination: cannabis, ganja, poppy plant,
charas
 Minor tranquilizer: lithium ,diazepine

51. Assessment and Diagnosis in
Substance Abuse
Assessment
A proper assessment is necessary for treatment. It is
also helpful in numerous other ways includ- Ing
screening, establishing a diagnosis, planning
treatment and referral to a specialist for further
treatment.

52. Stages Of Assessment
STAGES Of
Assessment
•Pre-invention
•Intervention
•Post intervention
Level Of
Assessment
•Brief screening
•Basic
assessment
•Specilized
Assessment
Broad
focus/inexpensive
Narrow Focus/Costly
Specific Cost

53. Screening
Some frequently used instruments are: .
 CAGE: 4 questions used to assess those with
alcohol problem (cut down drinking, annoyed by
criticizing your drinking,guilty about your
drinking and eye opener to get rid of a hangover):.
 MAST: Michigan Alcohol Screening Test.
 DAST: Drug Abuse Screening Test.
 AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test.

54. Diagnosis
 Before looking into features that make a diagnosis
of substance used disorder (SUD), it would be ben-
eficial to see what constitutes a disease. A cluster
of signs and symptoms occurring more than due to
chance factor.
Signs and symptoms Syndrome Disease

55. Control OF Substance Abuse
Primary Prevention
 Provision of happy and healthy family life.
 Establishment of healthy parent-child relationship.
 Provision of love and care to the children.
 Show interest towards the child's activities.
 Offer counselling to the teen-agers.
 Reduce the availability of drugs.
 Legislation.

56. Secondary Prevention
 Closely monitor the changes in the behavior
of an individual.
 Early detection and treatment of addicts.
 Establishment of de-addiction centres, after
care centres and day care centres.
 Proper treatment and specific therapies should
be given to prevent complication of disease.

57. Tertiary Prevention
 Provision of treatment in the state of severe
dependence.
 Provision of rehabilitation measures for the drug
addicts.
 Involvement of family in the restorative and
rehabilitative activities.
 Involvement of social agencies for the
rehabilitation.

58. Role of Community Health Nurse
 To help the client to cope up with
withdrawal symptoms
 To help the client to avoid taking drugs
again.
 Develop trusting relationship.
 To help the client to be accepted by others.
 To help the client to change his habits stop
stealing reduces aggressiveness

59. Drug De-addiction Programmes in India
 Drug De-addiction Programmes in IndiaThe Drug De-
addiction Programme of the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare was started in 1987-88, which was modified in 1992-
93 as a scheme under central sector assistance to states.
 At present 122 such centres have been established across the
country including centres in central government hospitals
and institutions.
 The six drug-addiction centres established in Central Gov-
ernment hospitals and institutions are at All India Institute
of Medical Sciences New Delhi,
 A national nodal centre has been established under the All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. This
is located in Ghaziabad and has been designated as
"National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre".