This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in oral bacteria isolated from Tunisian children. 109 bacterial strains were isolated from dental plaque and caries samples, with Streptococcus mutans being the most common. Resistance to streptomycin was found in 22% of strains. Susceptibility to other antibiotics like kanamycin, gentamicin, and ampicillin was high. The ermB, mefI, tetM, and tetO resistance genes were detected in some strains using PCR. The results demonstrate the need to consider antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria when performing dental procedures.