This presentation talks about the molecular basis of Quorum sensing in the virulence of bacterial pathogens and the potential of quorum sensing to serve as drug target.
the immune response against acinetobacter baumanniimicrobiologiist
Acinetobacter baumannii is the etiologic agent of a wide range of nosocomial infections,including pneumonia, bacteremia, and skin infections. Over the last 45 years, an alarming increase in the antibiotic resistance of this opportunistic microorganism has been reported, a situation that hinders effective treatments. In order to develop effective therapies against A. baumannii it is crucial to understand the basis of host–bacterium interactions, especially those concerning the immune response of the host.
This study was designed to investigate the infection rate of nosocomial Acinetobacter spp. in Khalifa hospital, Ajman. A retrospective study was carried out from 2005 to 2008. Bacteriological cultures were used to isolate the organisms by the DADE BEHRING Microscan® to identify the organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity.
This presentation talks about the molecular basis of Quorum sensing in the virulence of bacterial pathogens and the potential of quorum sensing to serve as drug target.
the immune response against acinetobacter baumanniimicrobiologiist
Acinetobacter baumannii is the etiologic agent of a wide range of nosocomial infections,including pneumonia, bacteremia, and skin infections. Over the last 45 years, an alarming increase in the antibiotic resistance of this opportunistic microorganism has been reported, a situation that hinders effective treatments. In order to develop effective therapies against A. baumannii it is crucial to understand the basis of host–bacterium interactions, especially those concerning the immune response of the host.
This study was designed to investigate the infection rate of nosocomial Acinetobacter spp. in Khalifa hospital, Ajman. A retrospective study was carried out from 2005 to 2008. Bacteriological cultures were used to isolate the organisms by the DADE BEHRING Microscan® to identify the organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity.
Bacteriophages & Its classification, cycles, therapy, and applicationsZoqiaTariq
These slides are covering multiple aspects of Bacteriophages including History
Classification
Replication
Plaque Assay
Transduction
Phage Therapy and pahge types.
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals. Eradication of P. aeruginosa has become increasingly difficult due to its remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Seminario biologia molecular syd
1. GENOTYPING OF ESBL
PRODUCING UROPATHOGENIC
Escherichia coli
IN WEST OF IRAN
SUSANA LÓPEZ PINEDA
DANIELA GALLÓN ESTRADA
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LINA MARTINEZ
III SEMESTER
PONTIFICIA BOLIVARIANA UNIVERSITY
2. INTRODUCTION
Escherichia
Escherichia is a genus of gram-negative,
non-spore
forming, facultative
anaerobic, rod-shaped
bacteria from the
family Enterobacteriaceae. In
those species which are
inhabitants of the gastrointestinal
tracts of warm-blooded
animals, Escherichia
provides a portion of the
production of vitamin K to its host.
3. INTRODUCTION
A number of the species
of Escherichia
are uropathogenic. The
genus is named
after Theodor Escherich
who
discovered Escherichia
coli.
4. INTRODUCTION
Although most species are harmless commensal
Escherichia some strains are human pathogens.
Some cause urinary tract infections and
gastrointestinal disease ranging from simple diarrhea
to dysentery. It is also responsible for a wide range of
disease states.
5. INTRODUCTION
Is a member of the
normal commensal
bowel flora of
humans and
colonization takes
place soon after
birth
E. coli
6. INTRODUCTION
Although Escherichia coli is
responsible for the majority
of disease in humans, other
members of the genus have
also been implicated in
human infections.
7. INTRODUCTION
It could have
pathogenic effects to
humans, because it can
live at intestines.
Although it is a normal
intestinal flora bacteria,
sometimes specific
strains have harmful
effects.
The diseases that result
from infection with E.coli
may be classified into two
groups:
Specific: Sign and
symptoms are related to
the site of colonization.
Non-specific: Signs and
symptoms are non related
to a site of mucosal
colonization.
8. INTRODUCTION
ESBL
B-LACTAMASES
Extended-Spectrum Beta-
Lactamases (ESBLs) are
enzymes that can be produced by
bacteria making them resistant to
cephalosporins e.g. cefuroxime,
cefotaxime and ceftazidime -
which are the most widely used
antibiotics in many hospitals
9. INTRODUCTION
ESBL infections
often affect the
urinary tract and
intestine, and
sometimes the
wounds and blood
are also infected
11. INTRODUCTION
Antibiotic Resistance
Bacterial resistance is a
growing phenomenon
characterized by a partial
or total refractoriness of
microorganisms to the
antibiotic effect mainly due
to the indiscriminate and
irrational use of these.
12. INTRODUCTION
Bacterial antibiotic resistance
is acquired at times by
mutation of a gene that
modifies the structure of the
cell target.
Resistance may also be
acquired as a result of
bacterial cell infection by a
plasmid.
13. OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study
was to determine
genotyping of ESBL
producing UPECs
14. MATERIALES Y METODOS
Aislamientos
Personas con infección del tracto urogenital no
hospitalizadas
Oeste de Irán
Entre febrero de 2012 y febrero de
2013
Síntomas del tracto urinario inferior: Disuria, fiebre, frecuencia,
urgencia, y el crecimiento> 10 a la 5 colonias
Bioquímica y API20E
15. MATERIALES Y METODOS
API
Sistema de identificación multiprueba
Identificación rápida para bacterias de la
familia Enterobacteriaceae y otras bacterias Gram
21 Test bioquímicos estandarizados y miniaturizados, y una
base de datos.
Rápido, eficaz y permite realizar numerosas
pruebas a la vez.
20 Microtubos o pocillos con distintos sustratos
deshidratados.
16. MATERIALES Y METODOS
Susceptibilida
d
La meta principal del estudio de susceptibilidad es
proveer al clínico algunas recomendaciones sobre
la terapia que puede ser más apropiada en
pacientes con una infección específica.
Cefoperazona, ceftriaxona, cefuroxima, ciprofloxacina ,
piperacilina, gentamicina, amikacina , imipenem,
ampicilina, aztreonam, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazo,
carbenicilina , nitrofurantoína, y la ofloxacina.
17. MATERIALES Y METODOS
PCR
Amplificación enzimática de secuencias especificas
de ADN.
Polimeras
a
Síntesis Reparación Extiende o acorta ADN
18. MATERIALES Y METODOS
PFGE
Pulsed-Field Gel
Electrophoresis.
Electroforesis en gel de
campo pulsado.
Permite separar piezas
mucho más grandes de ADN
que la electroforesis en gel
de agarosa convencional.
PFGE se basa en la variable
de la migración de los
fragmentos de ADN grandes
en un campo eléctrico de
20. Figura 2
CHEF profiles of
UPEC strains
isolated. Lateral
lanes contain
Lambda Ladder
PFG Marker. Size
range: 48.5 kb to
679 kb (14
fragments).
21. Author Comment Yes or No
A.Davoodabadi,
A. Farahani, M.
Ranjbaran.(22)
UTIs are regarded as a health problem
around deferent
regions of the world. These isolates
are risk for public health such as in
both inpatient and outpatient specially
in some regions of Iran.
Yes
K. J. Sambrook,
D. W. Russel
(23)
PFGE analysis has been used in
epidemiological and molecular studies
of numerous bacterial and is gold
standard for molecular epidemiologic
in many bacteria such as E. coli
isolates.
This technique is better to identify the
source of infection and spread.
Yes
DISCUSSION
22. M. Anvarinejad,
Farshad Sh, R.
Ranjbar, G. M.
Giammanco,
A. Alborzi, A.
Japoni (24)
In study of Anvarinejad et al., the
lowest similarity was observed and
failed to find an association
between spread and colonization of
UTI isolates.
Yes
23. CONCLUSIONS
In this bacterial antibiotics
resistance era physicians
should know that now that is
not enough to know what is the
bacteria that is causing my
patient’s infection, we have to
deeper and use the different
tools that there are to figure
out what are the DNA
characteristics of this bacteria
and what could be the best
treatment for my patient.
24. Electrophoresis is a tool that
help us to know some DNA’s
bacterial characteristics and that
is a way figurate out why some
microorganisms are more
resistant than other ones.
Knowing about the virulence
factors of bacteria allow us to
fine other alternative
treatment’s sites and It could
impact in treatment of a
patient with and infection by a
resistance bacteria.
Urinary track infection is one of
the most common infections
around the world producing in
90% by E.coli bacteria.
25.
26.
27. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
• Sussman Max. Escherichia coli:
mechanisms of virulence. New York
• Electroforesis de proteínas y ácidos
nucleicos [sede web] Disponible en:
http://biomodel.uah.es/tecnicas/elfo/inicio.
htm