Pigeon peas and the local economy of Babati, Tanzania – the impact of mobile ...FAO
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Per Hillbur (Malmö University) describing the role of pigeon pease in the local economy of Babati, Tanzania. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
The document discusses agricultural input policies in the Philippines across different time periods. It describes how fertilizer and seed policies evolved from heavy subsidies and price controls during the Green Revolution era to market liberalization and reduced subsidies today. It analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of major agricultural programs and how current policies aim to promote private sector participation and food security through trade openness and low import tariffs.
The Philippine Department of Agriculture and its Cassava Industry RoadmapCIAT
The Philippine Department of Agriculture outlined its cassava industry roadmap for 2015-2022 which aims to increase cassava production and utilization in the country. Key points of the roadmap include setting annual cassava production targets to increase yields and areas harvested. It also analyzes the cost competitiveness of Philippine cassava for both export and import substitution, finding domestic production to be competitive. The roadmap is meant to guide the development of the cassava industry in the Philippines over the next 7 years.
This document summarizes the role of seeds in transforming agriculture in the Philippines, with a focus on rice. It outlines the Philippine seed system and related laws/regulations. It describes the evolution of rice varieties released and trends in adoption of modern varieties. Key issues are identified such as insufficient seed availability, adoption challenges, and cost/price issues. Recommendations include improving production/distribution systems, continuing research, increasing farmer education, and reviewing seed pricing policies.
Market structure, conduct and performance of gari processing industry in sout...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the gari processing industry in Southwestern Nigeria using a Structure-Conduct-Performance framework. It finds that the average gari marketer earns a gross margin of N4,812.05 per week, indicating profitability. A Gini coefficient of 0.4256 shows a high level of concentration in the gari market. The study examines the socioeconomic characteristics, profitability, and market structure/conduct of gari processors in the region.
11.market structure, conduct and performance of gari processing industry in s...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the gari processing industry in Southwestern Nigeria using a Structure-Conduct-Performance framework. It finds that the average gari marketer earns a gross margin of N4,812.05 per week, indicating profitability. A Gini coefficient of 0.4256 shows a high level of concentration in the gari market. Most gari marketers are women between 30-50 years old with primary education. The study aims to provide insights into the industry's market structure and performance to help policymakers.
Potential and Challenges in Fruit Production in AfghanistanKhalil Fitrat Nawab
Afghanistan has potential for fruit production due to its diverse climate and status as a center of genetic diversity. However, fruit production faces many challenges, including traditional agricultural practices, low soil fertility, lack of irrigation, and low yields. The top fruits produced are grapes, almonds, apricots, apples, and pomegranates. To overcome challenges and harness potential, strategies like improved varieties, proper orchard establishment, irrigation, and capacity building are needed. Case studies on pomegranate and almonds show they are promising exports, but also face issues like biotic and abiotic stresses. Overall, with development of infrastructure, technologies, and processing, fruit production could provide better livelihoods.
Opportunities in agribusiness presentationJamiu Akangbe
The agricultural sector accounts for 40% of Nigeria's GDP but Nigeria's global share of crop exports has drastically reduced, making it a net importer of $4.2 billion worth of agricultural produce annually. The document outlines opportunities in Nigeria's agriculture value chain from input supply to production, post-harvest services, trading, and processing in cash crops, food crops, poultry, aquaculture, and livestock.
Pigeon peas and the local economy of Babati, Tanzania – the impact of mobile ...FAO
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Per Hillbur (Malmö University) describing the role of pigeon pease in the local economy of Babati, Tanzania. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
The document discusses agricultural input policies in the Philippines across different time periods. It describes how fertilizer and seed policies evolved from heavy subsidies and price controls during the Green Revolution era to market liberalization and reduced subsidies today. It analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of major agricultural programs and how current policies aim to promote private sector participation and food security through trade openness and low import tariffs.
The Philippine Department of Agriculture and its Cassava Industry RoadmapCIAT
The Philippine Department of Agriculture outlined its cassava industry roadmap for 2015-2022 which aims to increase cassava production and utilization in the country. Key points of the roadmap include setting annual cassava production targets to increase yields and areas harvested. It also analyzes the cost competitiveness of Philippine cassava for both export and import substitution, finding domestic production to be competitive. The roadmap is meant to guide the development of the cassava industry in the Philippines over the next 7 years.
This document summarizes the role of seeds in transforming agriculture in the Philippines, with a focus on rice. It outlines the Philippine seed system and related laws/regulations. It describes the evolution of rice varieties released and trends in adoption of modern varieties. Key issues are identified such as insufficient seed availability, adoption challenges, and cost/price issues. Recommendations include improving production/distribution systems, continuing research, increasing farmer education, and reviewing seed pricing policies.
Market structure, conduct and performance of gari processing industry in sout...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the gari processing industry in Southwestern Nigeria using a Structure-Conduct-Performance framework. It finds that the average gari marketer earns a gross margin of N4,812.05 per week, indicating profitability. A Gini coefficient of 0.4256 shows a high level of concentration in the gari market. The study examines the socioeconomic characteristics, profitability, and market structure/conduct of gari processors in the region.
11.market structure, conduct and performance of gari processing industry in s...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the gari processing industry in Southwestern Nigeria using a Structure-Conduct-Performance framework. It finds that the average gari marketer earns a gross margin of N4,812.05 per week, indicating profitability. A Gini coefficient of 0.4256 shows a high level of concentration in the gari market. Most gari marketers are women between 30-50 years old with primary education. The study aims to provide insights into the industry's market structure and performance to help policymakers.
Potential and Challenges in Fruit Production in AfghanistanKhalil Fitrat Nawab
Afghanistan has potential for fruit production due to its diverse climate and status as a center of genetic diversity. However, fruit production faces many challenges, including traditional agricultural practices, low soil fertility, lack of irrigation, and low yields. The top fruits produced are grapes, almonds, apricots, apples, and pomegranates. To overcome challenges and harness potential, strategies like improved varieties, proper orchard establishment, irrigation, and capacity building are needed. Case studies on pomegranate and almonds show they are promising exports, but also face issues like biotic and abiotic stresses. Overall, with development of infrastructure, technologies, and processing, fruit production could provide better livelihoods.
Opportunities in agribusiness presentationJamiu Akangbe
The agricultural sector accounts for 40% of Nigeria's GDP but Nigeria's global share of crop exports has drastically reduced, making it a net importer of $4.2 billion worth of agricultural produce annually. The document outlines opportunities in Nigeria's agriculture value chain from input supply to production, post-harvest services, trading, and processing in cash crops, food crops, poultry, aquaculture, and livestock.
This report discusses the need to double global agricultural output by 2050 to meet demand for food, feed, fiber and fuel. It examines trends in total factor productivity by country income and introduces the GAP Index to measure agricultural productivity. The report also analyzes investment needs in Africa, rising demand in India, and Latin America's role as a global breadbasket, concluding with policy priorities for sustainable food and agriculture systems.
Agriculture is an essential sector in Nigeria, providing 80% of the country's food and cash crops. Small-scale farmers cultivate about 33% of Nigeria's land. In 2011, former President Goodluck Jonathan initiated an Agricultural Transformation Agenda to modernize the industry through fiscal policies like duty exemptions on agricultural machinery, incentives for local raw materials, and constitutional protections for investments. Farm machinery has revolutionized Nigerian agriculture through improved technology and implements. Major crops include cocoa, palm kernel, ginger, sesame seeds, garlic, shrimp, cashew, and yam tubers.
CHAÎNE DE VALEUR, STRATÉGIES D'ADAPTATION, AGRICULTURE DURABLE ET SYSTÈME ALI...Mouhamadou NDIMBLANE
Cette présentation fait la description de la chaine de valeur riz au Sénégal et donne un aperçu général sur les contraintes majeures auxquelles les ménages agricoles font face, les pertes de productions liées au changement climatique, les stratégies d'adaptation et fini par une proposition pour une agriculture durable.
Auteur: Mouhamadou Lamine NDIMBLANE,
Email: ndimblane.consulting@gmail.com
Social and economic potential of agricultural biotechnologies for crop divers...ExternalEvents
This document summarizes research on the underutilized crop bambara groundnut. It discusses (1) developing a diverse germplasm collection and generating mapping populations, (2) analyzing the genetic diversity and mapping traits like photoperiod sensitivity, and (3) developing new varieties and food products to increase production and commercialization of the crop. The goal is to harness the crop's drought tolerance and nutrition to improve food security and replace feed imports in Southeast Asia. The research employs a food systems approach across genetic resources, crop improvement, product development, and knowledge sharing.
FAO’s Regional Rice Initiative: Landscape Management for Sustainable Intensi...FAO
The document discusses FAO's Regional Rice Initiative which aims to promote sustainable intensification of rice production in Asia through landscape management. It notes the challenges of decreasing land and labor for rice farming. The initiative supports rice farmers through capacity building programs to adopt practices like alternate wetting and drying, integrated pest management, and introducing additional crops and animals to increase productivity and incomes while using resources efficiently. Evaluation of farmer field school programs in the Philippines found that the sustainable practices increased rice yields by 10% and farm incomes by 15% while reducing production costs by 15%. The initiative contributes to FAO's goal of making agriculture more productive and sustainable.
Brian Clancey from STATPUB.com shares Global Pulses Import - Export data in this insightful presentation. Pulses production, demand, trends in import-export and future outlook as presented at India Pulses & Grains Associaiton's 'Global Pulses Conclave 2012.
Only 1.4% of GCC GDP comes from agriculture despite 1.8% of land being used for farming. Water scarcity is a major issue and will worsen over time. The GCC imports over 80% of its food and spends billions on infrastructure to secure supply. Going forward, GCC countries are increasing domestic production of protein and improving the entire agricultural value chain from production to processing through larger commercial farms, logistics infrastructure like railroads, and new technologies.
Importance of maize
Constraints to maize production
Basic requirements for maize production
Agronomic management practices
Harvest and post-harvest management
Global agricultural output will need to double by 2050 to meet demand for food, feed, fiber and fuel according to the Global Agricultural Productivity Report. The report examines total factor productivity and introduces the GAP Index to measure agricultural productivity. It also outlines policy priorities for sustainable food and agriculture systems to achieve the needed increases in output.
Presented at 2016 International Conference on Pulses for Health Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in Dry Lands.
The Conference is from April 18-20, 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco, and being organized by ICARDA, INRA (Morocco) and IFAD in partnership with FAO, OCP Foundation and CRP Grain Legumes.
Sorghum is the third most important cereal crop worldwide in terms of production and area, after rice and wheat. It is grown extensively in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia where it serves as a major food source. In India, sorghum production has declined from 18 million hectares in the 1960s to 5.65 million hectares currently, however total production has remained steady due to yield increases. Jammu and Kashmir produces sorghum on a very small scale, primarily for local cattle feed, with production never exceeding 1000 hectares except in 2004-05 and 2005-06 when it reached 5980 and 1420 hectares respectively.
1) Pulses production in India has seen four distinct phases from pre-green revolution to the current post-trade spike period. Government schemes have aimed to boost production but India remains a major importer.
2) Chickpea and pigeonpea are the major pulses crops in India. Analysis found high yield instability and gaps between actual and potential yields for both crops.
3) Determinants of area allocation found pulses compete with cereals and irrigation negatively impacts pulses area. Regional specialization and geographical continuity in production were also observed.
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
Indian agriculture faces significant challenges to meet the growing food demand of its rising population. By 2050, India's population is projected to rise to 1.7 billion people, requiring food grain production to increase by 5.5 million tonnes annually. However, agricultural land and resources are under pressure. Only 46% of India's total land area is currently cultivated, and much of that land faces constraints like degradation, erosion, and water scarcity. To address these challenges, integrated solutions are needed to produce more food using fewer resources. Syngenta works with farmers in India to develop such solutions through projects like GroMore rice and MaxWheat. These projects provide simple agronomic protocols to help farmers increase yields by up to 30
Agri-inteligence weekly (Issue 9) explains the dynamics of the commodity markets for the period (14th may - 18th may 2018). It provides in depth analysis of the prices and their outlook.
Seventh bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III...Tropical Legumes III
This bulletin focusses on the progress made under objective four: enhancing common bean productivity and production in focus geographies of sub-Saharan Africa, during year one of
phase III implementation.
Overview of Tropical Legumes Projects (TL I, TL II & TL III) - the Chickpea S...Tropical Legumes III
The projects helped increase chickpea production and productivity in Ethiopia in three key ways:
1) It contributed to the development and release of 7 new chickpea varieties that were higher yielding and more resistant to diseases and drought.
2) Over 100 improved breeding lines were introduced each year and evaluated, with farmers participating in selecting new preferred varieties.
3) Farmer seed producer associations were established and trained to address seed shortages, increasing certified seed production from under 700 tons to over 3000 tons over the course of the projects.
This document contains a message for a broker that would be displayed within their syndication dashboard. The message relates to brokerage activities and insights available through their dashboard. Further details are not provided in the short document sample.
The document provides instructions for setting up a client portal for prospects. It explains that a client portal allows prospects to view and manage listings in their cart, add comments, and manage listings themselves through saving and rejecting. It then provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a client portal for a new or existing prospect, including saving search results to a prospect cart, inviting the prospect to access the portal, and viewing the portal. It notes that the portal allows two-way communication through comments between the agent and prospect.
This report discusses the need to double global agricultural output by 2050 to meet demand for food, feed, fiber and fuel. It examines trends in total factor productivity by country income and introduces the GAP Index to measure agricultural productivity. The report also analyzes investment needs in Africa, rising demand in India, and Latin America's role as a global breadbasket, concluding with policy priorities for sustainable food and agriculture systems.
Agriculture is an essential sector in Nigeria, providing 80% of the country's food and cash crops. Small-scale farmers cultivate about 33% of Nigeria's land. In 2011, former President Goodluck Jonathan initiated an Agricultural Transformation Agenda to modernize the industry through fiscal policies like duty exemptions on agricultural machinery, incentives for local raw materials, and constitutional protections for investments. Farm machinery has revolutionized Nigerian agriculture through improved technology and implements. Major crops include cocoa, palm kernel, ginger, sesame seeds, garlic, shrimp, cashew, and yam tubers.
CHAÎNE DE VALEUR, STRATÉGIES D'ADAPTATION, AGRICULTURE DURABLE ET SYSTÈME ALI...Mouhamadou NDIMBLANE
Cette présentation fait la description de la chaine de valeur riz au Sénégal et donne un aperçu général sur les contraintes majeures auxquelles les ménages agricoles font face, les pertes de productions liées au changement climatique, les stratégies d'adaptation et fini par une proposition pour une agriculture durable.
Auteur: Mouhamadou Lamine NDIMBLANE,
Email: ndimblane.consulting@gmail.com
Social and economic potential of agricultural biotechnologies for crop divers...ExternalEvents
This document summarizes research on the underutilized crop bambara groundnut. It discusses (1) developing a diverse germplasm collection and generating mapping populations, (2) analyzing the genetic diversity and mapping traits like photoperiod sensitivity, and (3) developing new varieties and food products to increase production and commercialization of the crop. The goal is to harness the crop's drought tolerance and nutrition to improve food security and replace feed imports in Southeast Asia. The research employs a food systems approach across genetic resources, crop improvement, product development, and knowledge sharing.
FAO’s Regional Rice Initiative: Landscape Management for Sustainable Intensi...FAO
The document discusses FAO's Regional Rice Initiative which aims to promote sustainable intensification of rice production in Asia through landscape management. It notes the challenges of decreasing land and labor for rice farming. The initiative supports rice farmers through capacity building programs to adopt practices like alternate wetting and drying, integrated pest management, and introducing additional crops and animals to increase productivity and incomes while using resources efficiently. Evaluation of farmer field school programs in the Philippines found that the sustainable practices increased rice yields by 10% and farm incomes by 15% while reducing production costs by 15%. The initiative contributes to FAO's goal of making agriculture more productive and sustainable.
Brian Clancey from STATPUB.com shares Global Pulses Import - Export data in this insightful presentation. Pulses production, demand, trends in import-export and future outlook as presented at India Pulses & Grains Associaiton's 'Global Pulses Conclave 2012.
Only 1.4% of GCC GDP comes from agriculture despite 1.8% of land being used for farming. Water scarcity is a major issue and will worsen over time. The GCC imports over 80% of its food and spends billions on infrastructure to secure supply. Going forward, GCC countries are increasing domestic production of protein and improving the entire agricultural value chain from production to processing through larger commercial farms, logistics infrastructure like railroads, and new technologies.
Importance of maize
Constraints to maize production
Basic requirements for maize production
Agronomic management practices
Harvest and post-harvest management
Global agricultural output will need to double by 2050 to meet demand for food, feed, fiber and fuel according to the Global Agricultural Productivity Report. The report examines total factor productivity and introduces the GAP Index to measure agricultural productivity. It also outlines policy priorities for sustainable food and agriculture systems to achieve the needed increases in output.
Presented at 2016 International Conference on Pulses for Health Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in Dry Lands.
The Conference is from April 18-20, 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco, and being organized by ICARDA, INRA (Morocco) and IFAD in partnership with FAO, OCP Foundation and CRP Grain Legumes.
Sorghum is the third most important cereal crop worldwide in terms of production and area, after rice and wheat. It is grown extensively in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia where it serves as a major food source. In India, sorghum production has declined from 18 million hectares in the 1960s to 5.65 million hectares currently, however total production has remained steady due to yield increases. Jammu and Kashmir produces sorghum on a very small scale, primarily for local cattle feed, with production never exceeding 1000 hectares except in 2004-05 and 2005-06 when it reached 5980 and 1420 hectares respectively.
1) Pulses production in India has seen four distinct phases from pre-green revolution to the current post-trade spike period. Government schemes have aimed to boost production but India remains a major importer.
2) Chickpea and pigeonpea are the major pulses crops in India. Analysis found high yield instability and gaps between actual and potential yields for both crops.
3) Determinants of area allocation found pulses compete with cereals and irrigation negatively impacts pulses area. Regional specialization and geographical continuity in production were also observed.
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
Indian agriculture faces significant challenges to meet the growing food demand of its rising population. By 2050, India's population is projected to rise to 1.7 billion people, requiring food grain production to increase by 5.5 million tonnes annually. However, agricultural land and resources are under pressure. Only 46% of India's total land area is currently cultivated, and much of that land faces constraints like degradation, erosion, and water scarcity. To address these challenges, integrated solutions are needed to produce more food using fewer resources. Syngenta works with farmers in India to develop such solutions through projects like GroMore rice and MaxWheat. These projects provide simple agronomic protocols to help farmers increase yields by up to 30
Agri-inteligence weekly (Issue 9) explains the dynamics of the commodity markets for the period (14th may - 18th may 2018). It provides in depth analysis of the prices and their outlook.
Seventh bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III...Tropical Legumes III
This bulletin focusses on the progress made under objective four: enhancing common bean productivity and production in focus geographies of sub-Saharan Africa, during year one of
phase III implementation.
Overview of Tropical Legumes Projects (TL I, TL II & TL III) - the Chickpea S...Tropical Legumes III
The projects helped increase chickpea production and productivity in Ethiopia in three key ways:
1) It contributed to the development and release of 7 new chickpea varieties that were higher yielding and more resistant to diseases and drought.
2) Over 100 improved breeding lines were introduced each year and evaluated, with farmers participating in selecting new preferred varieties.
3) Farmer seed producer associations were established and trained to address seed shortages, increasing certified seed production from under 700 tons to over 3000 tons over the course of the projects.
This document contains a message for a broker that would be displayed within their syndication dashboard. The message relates to brokerage activities and insights available through their dashboard. Further details are not provided in the short document sample.
The document provides instructions for setting up a client portal for prospects. It explains that a client portal allows prospects to view and manage listings in their cart, add comments, and manage listings themselves through saving and rejecting. It then provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a client portal for a new or existing prospect, including saving search results to a prospect cart, inviting the prospect to access the portal, and viewing the portal. It notes that the portal allows two-way communication through comments between the agent and prospect.
Tracking intraregional trade in food staples in the COMESA region presents challenges due to discrepancies between countries' trade reports and lack of data on informal border trade. While initiatives exist to increase trade, continuous monitoring is still needed. ReSAKSS is developing annual trade indicators using formal trade mirror data and all available informal trade sources. Between 2008-2010, intra-COMESA trade in staples grew as harvests improved but declines in 2009 were seen when weather worsened. Data gaps and constraints like poor infrastructure and policies still hamper complete tracking of trade progress.
"Public Sector Budget Allocation to Agriculture and Effeciency of Resource Use: A Review of Status, Trends and Implications." presentation by Babatunde Omilola at the CAADP Donors and Partners Meeting, Sept. 6, 2009.
The document discusses key findings from the Global Nutrition Report. It highlights that:
1) Malnutrition creates challenges for both individuals and societies. 2) Africa is off track to meet global nutrition targets but there is hope if countries make stronger commitments. 3) Nutrition is central to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The document calls for countries and organizations to make specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound commitments to address malnutrition in all its forms. It suggests three actions readers can take to support better nutrition globally.
ReSAKSS-AfricaLead Workshop on Strengthening Capacity for Strategic Agricultural Policy and Investment Planning and Implementation in Africa
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, June 25th‐ 26th 2012
PLANNING(WHAT,TO WHO,WHY,WHERE,WHEN) and developing powerpoint presentation,Features of Powerpoint that scientists can use to enhance their presentations
Adebowale Akande
POLICY SEMINAR
Food System Transformations: National Actions in a Globalized World
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) and IFPRI
NOV 14, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EST
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...Francois Stepman
WEBINAR: How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19
10 June 2020. How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on food and nutrition security across the African continent.
Presentation 1: Professor Eric Yirenkyi Danquah, Director, West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI) Ghana - How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on food and nutrition security across the African continent: Insights & perspectives from Western Africa
An overview of the status of genetically modified organisms in Africa today. Agricultural biotechnology as an approach to solving numerous challenges of biotic and abiotic stressors.
The document summarizes a meeting to design a baseline survey for Nigeria's Zero Hunger initiative. It discusses the SDG goals around ending hunger and malnutrition. Nine subcommittees will be formed to focus on key issues. A draft baseline survey design was presented, including collecting household and secondary data across four states. Core development indicators were proposed to measure progress across themes like income, health, nutrition, agriculture and ICT access. Participants will discuss the survey and household questionnaire. The meeting aims to establish a common understanding of the baseline process and finalize plans and indicators for conducting the survey.
Zambia is proposing a financing framework to mobilize domestic resources for climate resilient programs that support vulnerable communities. The framework involves establishing a National Catalytic Fund to unlock private sector financing for essential oils and biofuels value chain programs. These programs are expected to economically empower rural communities through job creation, alleviate poverty, and promote conservation. The financing strategy utilizes a risk mitigating approach and pools various funding sources into a liquid fund to leverage domestic financial resources and support agricultural value chain projects.
By 2050, nearly 10 billion people will live on the planet. Can we produce enough food sustainably? The synthesis report of the World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future shows that it is possible – but there is no silver bullet. This report offers a five-course menu of solutions to ensure we can feed everyone without increasing emissions, fueling deforestation or exacerbating poverty. Learn more at http://www.wri.org/sustfoodfuture
Presentation during IITA R4D week 2015 (23 - 27 Nov. 2015). By: F. Baijukya, P. Ebanyat, S. Adjei-Nsiah, E. Sangodele, E.
Wolde-meskel T. Ampadu-Boakye, F. Kanampiu, E. Baars,
B. Vanlauwe.
This document summarizes a study that examined the viability of shea butter extraction as a livelihood for women in Nigeria, using Kwara State as a case study. 120 women involved in shea butter processing were surveyed. Results found that most were married, engaged in shea butter extraction as a major or minor occupation, and were members of local cooperatives. Cost and returns analysis showed average gross revenue was N776.58 per kg of processed shea nuts, with total costs of N521.50 and net income of N255.08. Constraints included inadequate capital, poor packaging/markets, low domestic consumption, insufficient water supply, and high equipment maintenance costs. The study recommends better market access, provision of financial
Sweetpotato silage making for pig feed in ugandaILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione for the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas Annual Meeting, Entebbe, Uganda, 29 September-3 October 2014
The document discusses the importance of rice production in Ethiopia, current trends, and challenges. It notes that rice production has increased significantly but imports have increased even more, decreasing self-sufficiency. While demand is growing, productivity remains low compared to imports. Key challenges include low yields, lack of processing technologies, inadequate market development and human resources. Strengthening research and development partnerships is seen as critical to transforming Ethiopia's rice sector and reducing its reliance on imports to meet demand.
Increased investments in agricultural R&D could have significant benefits according to a global model. Doubling investments in agricultural R&D by national programs and CGIAR by 2020 was modeled. This led to higher crop yields, lower food prices, increased production, food consumption and improvements in food security indicators by 2030 compared to the baseline. The number of malnourished children and population at risk of hunger declined by around 25% globally due to increased agricultural R&D investments.
This document summarizes research using a crop simulation model to assess the performance of early maturing maize varieties in Nigeria. Key points:
- Maize production in Nigeria has increased due to expansion of cultivated land, but yields remain low at around 2 tons/hectare.
- A crop simulation model was calibrated and validated using data from on-station and on-farm trials of 5 maize varieties.
- The model was used to simulate yields under different scenarios of variety, planting date, and fertilizer rates to identify opportunities to close yield gaps and assist extension workers. Maps and graphs showed varieties' potential yields were much higher than current on-farm yields.
- The research aims to develop
National rice development strategy of ghanaFatimata Kone
This document presents Ghana's National Rice Development Strategy (NRDS) from 2008 to 2018. It aims to double rice production in Ghana to address food security and import reliance. Currently, Ghana's rice production only meets 24% of domestic demand but consumption is rising. The strategy was developed by national experts based on constraints like inadequate land, seeds, fertilizer, and machinery. It proposes increasing production in rain-fed upland, lowland and irrigated areas. If implemented successfully, the strategy could increase per capita rice consumption to 63kg by 2018 and reduce the country's reliance on rice imports.
IITA aims to raise over 11 million Africans out of poverty and redirect 7.5 million hectares of degraded land to sustainable use through its research. It focuses on impact at the farm level, quality research, innovative partnerships, and effective organization. IITA operates regional hubs in West, Central, East and Southern Africa and has projects in over 15 countries, addressing issues like aflatoxins, plant health, natural resource management, and crop diversification through integrated research platforms and collaborative partnerships with organizations like USAID, AGRA, and ASARECA. The presentation outlines IITA's strategies and initiatives to better achieve its vision of success in Africa.
IITA aims to raise over 11 million Africans out of poverty and redirect 7.5 million hectares of degraded land to sustainable use through its research. It operates regional hubs in West, Central, East and Southern Africa, conducting research projects on topics like natural resource management, biotechnology, and social sciences. The organization seeks to refine its strategic direction and focus on areas of comparative advantage like impact at the farm level, research quality, partnerships, and internal organization. It also plans special initiatives in areas like genomics, climate change and plant health, soil research, and youth agribusiness. IITA's goal is to increase its annual income to $200 million by 2020.
Forage Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Players 2024-32IMARC Group
The global forage market size reached US$ 90.0 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 131.0 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/forage-market
Sweetpotato silage making for pig feed in Uganda: A proposed business caseRTBENDURE
Over the last three decades, pig populations and pork consumption have increased significantly in Uganda, providing income for rural and peri-urban households. However, pig productivity is low due to inadequate and seasonal feed availability. Sweetpotato vines and peels are commonly used but underutilized feeds. This document proposes a business case for sweetpotato silage making and marketing to address seasonal feed shortages. A multi-level business model is proposed to strengthen links between pig farmers, sweetpotato traders, and markets to increase access to materials for silage making. The business aims to build capacity for entrepreneurship and effective operations through training, mentoring and pilot programs. Research questions focus on integrating sweetpotato and pig enterprises through feasible,
Over the last three decades, pig populations and pork consumption have increased significantly in Uganda, providing income for rural and peri-urban households. However, pig productivity is low due to inadequate and seasonal feed availability. Sweetpotato residues are commonly used but availability is limited to certain seasons. Farmers resort to lower quality alternative feeds or destock herds during feed shortages. Sweetpotato silage making is proposed as a feed conservation strategy to mitigate shortages. A business case study examines a multi-level model for organized sweetpotato value chains, conservation through silage making, and marketing of silage specifically for pig feeds. The model aims to strengthen linkages between pig farmers and sweetpotato traders while building capacity for entrepreneur
This document presents a framework for measuring country-level resilience that integrates micro-level household resilience indicators and macro-level health system capacity indicators. A Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis is used to measure household resilience, while a new Health Systems Capacity Index measures basic health infrastructure. Countries are clustered based on these two metrics. Empirical analysis shows health systems capacity is significantly associated with food insecurity and resilience outcomes. The framework allows for a comprehensive approach to contextualizing food security policies in light of health shocks like COVID-19.
This document tracks key indicators and implementation processes for the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). It summarizes that over 40 countries have drafted Malabo-compliant agriculture investment plans and over 50 participated in the recent biennial review process. It also analyzes trends for several indicators, finding that government agriculture expenditure declined from 2.5% to 2.1% of spending between 2014-2019/2020, though agriculture growth was positive in 2020 at 2.4%. Undernourishment and poverty levels had been decreasing but are projected to have risen sharply in 2020 due to COVID-19 impacts, reversing prior progress toward CAADP goals. Increased investments are urgently needed to boost resilience and productivity.
The document provides an agenda and recap of the first day of the 2021 ReSAKSS Conference. The conference objectives are to discuss the 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) and examine issues related to food systems, vulnerability, resilience, and progress implementing the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). Day 1 included opening remarks, keynote presentations on the ATOR and COVID-19 impacts, and panel discussions on related topics. Day 2 will feature presentations and discussions on country responses to COVID-19, social protection, and measurement issues discussed in the ATOR. The full ATOR and conference presentations will be made available online.
This document discusses measuring progress toward goals in the Malabo Declaration in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It proposes a health systems sensitive resilience index to supplement existing indicators. The approach develops a resilience capacities index considering health systems capacity and economic/country factors. Results show regional differences and rank country resilience. Incorporating this index with an existing Malabo indicator shifts some country rankings. The author concludes replicating high-resilience models and early identification of vulnerable countries could help direct resources to avert crises.
A presentation by Dr. Benjamin Davis, Director, Inclusive Rural Transformation and Gender Equality Division, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global trade and commodity markets, negatively impacting food systems in Africa. Using simulation models, the document analyzes the effects of changes in international prices and trade volumes of primary commodities exported by 23 African countries. It finds that food processing and services were most vulnerable. Countries with diversified exports were less impacted. It recommends diversifying export baskets and adopting digital technologies to strengthen food systems against external shocks.
A presentation by Dr. John Ulimwengu, ReSAKSS Africawide Coordinator, Senior Research Fellow, Africa Region, International
Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
#2021ReSAKSS - Plenary Session I – presentation by Dr. Eliane Ubalijoro, Executive Director, Sustainability in The Digital Age, Global Hub Director, Canada, Future
Earth, and Co-editor of the 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR)
African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
This document provides an overview of the programs and activities of AKADEMIYA2063, an organization that uses data and analytics for evidence-based policy planning and implementation in Africa. It describes AKADEMIYA2063's continental and subnational tracking platforms that facilitate review and benchmarking of countries' progress. It also outlines their capacities for data analysis, strategic growth analysis, investment prioritization, vulnerability assessments, and policy innovation platforms. Major publications produced include the Malabo Montpellier Panel reports, the Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor, and the official CAADP trends and outlook report.
This document summarizes the impact of COVID-19 on staple food prices in Southern Africa, with a focus on maize markets in Malawi. Government restrictions to curb the pandemic disrupted markets and trade. In Malawi, maize prices in both urban and rural areas declined significantly compared to predictions as demand fell and supply rose due to recent harvests. Border restrictions impacted cross-border trade more than domestic markets. Future responses should minimize disruptions to local and cross-border trade to reduce negative effects on producers, businesses, and food access.
This document summarizes a machine learning framework for forecasting food crop production in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Remotely sensed data from satellites, including measurements of vegetation health, land surface temperature, and rainfall, were used to train neural networks. The models generated forecasts of maize production for 2020 in Malawi, identifying areas likely to see declines compared to 2017. Maps showed expected temperature increases and rainfall declines across the country. The conclusions call for building resilient food systems and increased data/analytics capacity to support policy responses to food crises.
The document discusses the effects of COVID-19 on agriculture in Malawi. It presents findings from research on the impacts of market disruptions and restrictions on maize prices in surplus and deficit areas of Malawi. Spatial analysis identified districts highly vulnerable to food insecurity impacts from COVID-19 due to factors like population density, disease burdens, and limited health infrastructure. Remote sensing data and machine learning techniques were used to analyze potential disruptions to food production systems and predict declines in 2020 maize production in some areas of Malawi compared to 2017 levels. Global trade disruptions and lower international prices for commodities exported from Malawi were found to cause slight reductions in GDP growth and increases in overall and urban poverty.
This document analyzes community vulnerability to COVID-19 in Malawi using spatial data. It finds the Southern Region and several districts within have the highest overall vulnerability due to factors like high stunting rates, low food expenditures, and poor access to healthcare. Urban areas like cities face high vulnerability from population density. Food price changes in 2020 decreased demand for key micronutrients in both rural and urban households, with a larger impact on rural areas, potentially exacerbating existing micronutrient deficiencies. The analysis identifies priority areas for crisis prevention and mitigation based on chronic vulnerability.
More from African Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) (20)
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
35. www.iita.org
CONCLUSIONS
• CALORIE REQUIREMENTS MET IN AVERAGE IN BURKINA
FASO, COTE D’IVOIRE AND SENEGAL; AND NOT IN NIGER
AND TOGO
• DIET CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION OF
CARBOHYDRATES AND UNDERCONSUMPTION OF FAT
AND PROTEIN
• SHARE OF FOOD EXPENDITURE IN TOTAL EXPENDITURE
VERY HIGH, RANGING FROM 39% TO 60 %
• INCREASE IN CONSUMPTION OF IMPORTED
COMMODITIES (RICE AND WHEAT) AT THE EXPENSE OF
LOCAL FOOD
• WITH RESPECT TO ANIMAL PRODUCTS: INCREASE OF
FISH IMPORTS AT EXPENSE OF LOCAL MEAT
36. www.iita.org
CONCLUSIONS
• URBAIZATION SEEMS TO BE THE MAIN DRIVER OF THE
OVERALL TRENDS IN FOOD DEMAND, IN PARTICULAR
FOR RICE AND WHEAT
• DECREASE IN CONSUMPTION OF LOCAL FOOD CAN BE
ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE POORS WHILE INCREASE IN
RICE AND IMPORTED PRODUCTS TO THE RICHER
QUINTILES
• PROJECTED IMPORT NEEDS FOR WHEAT (100% OF
DEMAND); RICE AND FISH (50% OF DEMAND); CASSAVA
(15% OF DEMAND); YAM (10% OF DEMAND)
• PROJECTED EXPORT POTENTIAL FOR MAIZE,
MILLET/SORGHUM AND PLANTAIN
Sources : « Etude sur la consommation alimentaire en Afrique de l ’ Ouest. » A joint work ReSAKSS-WA/Michigan State University that analyzed national databases of consumption surveys in 7 West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo), involving national teams. The overall objective of the study was to evaluate changes that occurred in the food consumption patterns of rural and urban populace of the sub-region over the past 25 years. « Dynamique de la consommation alimentaire en Afrique de l ’ Ouest » – Report prepared by Maurice Taondyandé and Mbaye Yade (ReSAKSS-WA) as part of the broader study by AfDB, FAO and ECOWAS on “ Agricultural Growth in West Africa: Market Factors and Policy ” . It built on the previous study and has been expanded to include Ghana and put more emphasis on (i) the analysis of incomes to track the development of the middle class; (ii) in-depth analysis of the nature of demanded products (raw versus processed) and (iii) examining the determinants of food demand in view of long term consumption forecast.
In absence of surveys on revenues, total expenditure is used as proxy for income. Though expenditures surveys occurred in different periods, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal can be seen as the countries with higher per capita income.
Increasing incomes in Burkina Faso and Ghana and, in a lesser extent in Senegal. Decreasing incomes in Côte d’Ivoire and Mali. Negative trends in Côte d’Ivoire are due a decade of political unrest. But in Mali, the negative trends may be explained by methodological inconsistencies of the survey: the second survey may have considered less products and therefore underestimated total expenditures.
Urban income is at least 60 % above rural income (Ghana in the 1990s). Highest inequality was observed in Burkina in the 1990s where urban income is 190 % above rural income. Inequalities decreased sharply in Burkina, fairly in Côte d’Ivoire and in a lesser extent in Senegal; whereas they increased in Ghana and considerably in Mali. This considerable inequality increase in Mali, combined with the decreasing per capita income suggest an increase of poverty incidence
Average calorie intake meets requirements in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal whereas they don’ t in Niger and Togo. This means that consumption is more likely to increase in these 2 countries in case of revenue increase.
Diet poorly diversified: cereals contribute to up to 60% in Sahelian countries and in coastal countries, cereals and roots and tubers account for more than 60%. => Carbohydrates main calorie suppliers. Implications for increasing income is that consumption of other food products like oils, fruits and vegetables and animal products is likely to increase
It is expected that the share is higher the lower the country mean income is. This seems to be the case expect for Mali where it is suspected that the list of food products covered by the survey in 2006 was not comprehensive so that some food products are considered as non food products; therefore the food expenditures may be underestimated and the non food products overestimated, which means that the calculated share is underestimated. The share is very high for Niger, Burkina Faso, and Togo, over 50%. It is even high for Côte d’Ivoire who has the lowest share (38.6%).
As expected, the share decreases with increasing incomes. For Burkina Faso, it increases with increasing incomes between Q1 and Q3 before declining. In Senegal, the share is nearly constant for the 4 first quintiles.
As seen in the diet composition, cereals and roots and tubers expenditures represent 40 to 55% of total expenditures. Except for Burkina Faso, animal products/fish and fruits/vegetables make respectively 22 to 29 % and 10 to 15% of total expenditures except for Burkina Faso.
Rice budget shares at national level grew between the 2 surveys in all countries except in Senegal. In the last surveys, the share is above 15% in Mali, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal and around 12% in Burkina Faso and Ghana. The share is higher in urban areas but not for Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal, who have already high rice consumption levels in urban areas. In Senegal, the share has declined in urban areas.
The share at national level is around 4% for Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Ghana, extremely low in Senegal, less than 1% and 12% in Ghana. Shares are higher for rural areas in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal and Ghana in the last survey; whereas they are higher in urban areas in Burkina Faso. The share in urban areas has considerably increased in this country in the last survey at the expense of millet/sorghum as we can see later.
The shares of millet/sorghum expenditures in total food expenditures have declined to 27% in Burkina Faso, 18 % in Mali and less than 5% in Senegal. In urban areas, they are less than 10% in Burkina Faso and Mali. In Burkina Faso, millet/sorghum represent still more than 35% of total food expenditures in rural areas.
The potential of wheat production in the Region is weak compared to other crops. In Burkina Faso, Mali and Ghana, the share of wheat and wheat products expenditures in total food expenditures does not exceed 5% at national level though it has expanded in the last surveys in particular in Mali and to a lesser extent in Ghana. In Senegal, the share was 9.3% in the last survey in 2002. The share is in general higher in urban areas but in Senegal, it declined in urban areas while it increased from 4.1 to 7.1% in rural areas. The share in rural areas in Senegal is even higher than the share in urban areas in the other countries.
The share of roots and tubers expenditures in total food expenditures has declined in recent periods to 16.8% and 15% respectively in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. The share is higher in rural areas in Côte d’Ivoire whereas it is higher in urban areas in Ghana, the latter may be due to the processing facilities of roots and tubers in Ghana. The share is also declining except for urban areas in Côte d’Ivoire; this may be explained with the political crisis in Côte d’Ivoire and the negative revenue trends.
The share of fruits and vegetables expenditures in total food expenditures at national level is higher for Côte d’Ivoire (15%) and Ghana and Senegal (both around 13%). It is 10% and 6% respectively in Mali and Burkina Faso. It has increased sharply in Côte d’Ivoire fairly in Ghana and to a lesser extent in Senegal. It has declined in Mali and stagnated in Burkina Faso. It is in general higher for urban areas except for Ghana.
The share of animal products and fish expenditures in total expenditures is highest for Ghana in the latter period (29.2%) followed by Senegal (25.8%), Côte d’Ivoire (22.6%) and Mali (22.2%). It is lowest in Burkina Faso (10%). The share is higher for urban areas except for Ghana. It is increasing in Côte d’Ivoire and Mali in both areas and in urban areas in Ghana and Senegal whereas it is decreasing in Burkina Faso in both areas and in rural areas in Ghana and in Senegal.
The per capita rice consumption is highest in Senegal (72), Mali (62), Côte d’Ivoire (65) and Benin (53). But in Benin, this may due to the reexportation of imported rice to Nigeria, overestimating the rice consumption. Rice consumption is lower in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger and Togo, less than 25kg/capita and year. The trend of rice consumption is upward with a steady increase in Mali from 29 kg in the early 1990s to 62 kg in the late 2000s. One can also see a sharp increase in Benin from 20 in the early 2000s to 53 kg in the late 2000s but again driven by huge reexportations to Nigeria.
The dependency ratio, which is defined as the ratio of imports to consumption, is very high in particular for Benin, Niger and Senegal. For Niger, it is less problematic since the consumption is low and import quantity and bill are low compared to Senegal. The ratio over 1005 in Benin emphasizes the reexports to Nigeria. Mali has the lowest ratio around 20%, which means that around 80% of rice consumption in Mali is covered by national production. Actually this does not take into account that Mali exports part of its national production in the Region. It is noteworthy that since the rising food prices crises in 2007, the ratio has declined in major importing countries like Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire. Conversely, it has increased in Benin due to the reexportation strategy in this country.
Millet/sorghum are the basis of diet in Sahelian countries, in particular in Niger and Burkina Faso above 150 kg/capita and year. Per capita consumption is still increasing in Niger whereas it has been slightly declining or stagnating in Burkina Faso and Mali. It has been steadily declining in Senegal and is now below rice per capita consumption. This is mainly due to declining per capita millet/sorghum availability and comparative advantages for rice in term of ease to prepare and better import facilities.
Wheat and wheat product per capita consumption is particularly high in Senegal (32kg in 2008-2010) and on an upward trend. Per capita consumption in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana are above 15kg though it has sharply declined in Ghana after the food crisis in 2007. In other countries, it rarely exceeds 10%.
Between the 2 surveys, in changes expenditures in food products can be seen as the results of the relative changes in the expenditures and the level of expenditure in the base period.
The annual average growth of per capita expenditure of rice was higher in urban areas in Burkina Faso Ghana and Mali, and in rural areas in Senegal and in Côte d’Ivoire in a lesser extent. For maize it was higher in rural areas except in Burkina Faso. For roots and tubers, it was higher in rural areas in Ghana and in urban areas in Côte d’Ivoire.
The annual average growth of per capita expenditure of millet/sorghum was higher in rural areas whereas for wheat it was higher in urban areas. Given the urbanization, it is expected that rice and wheat expenditures continue to grow proportionally more than the total food expenditures
Uncertainty experienced recently in world food markets with high food prices and unavailability of stocks recommend to forecast future food demands and analyze at which extent additional demand can be met by regional production. The estimation model used follows the ratio semi-log inverse function (RSLI) applied by King and Byerlee (1978) in Sierra Leone. This model estimates the relationship between household expenditure on a set of commodities and household income, controlling household size. Marginal Budget Shares (MBS) are calculated from coefficients obtained from the regression.
The total marginal budget share of food demand gives the additional food demand as a result of increase in income. For example, with an increase of USD 100 in average income, the food demand will increase in a range from 22 USD in urban Mali to 66 USD in rural Niger. Total marginal budget share of food demand is expected to be higher the lower the average per capita income. Therefore figures for Mali (with lower per capita income than Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal) seem to be underestimated due probably to incomplete consideration of food products in the survey.
Marginal budget shares (MBS) of a food product give the extent to which demand of the product increases when average income increases by 100 units. Rice shows the highest MBS, followed by wheat and maize. These are tradable products for which domestic production competes with imports from markets. Non tradable food products show high MBS in Niger and in a lesser extent in Mali (millet/sorghum) and in Ghana (Cassava and Yam).
MBS are also the highest in rural areas except for Niger, Burkina Faso and for a lesser extent Mali, where millet/sorghum consumption is expected to grow significantly with increasing incomes. The same is expected for Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Togo concerning yam and cassava.
Meat MBS are higher than those of fish and dairy products except for Ghana and Togo where MBS of fish are highest. MBS for meat are higher in Senegal and Mali (over 20%), followed by Niger, Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire. Dairy products MBS are above 5% in Mali and Senegal. Senegal depends heavily on imports for the coverage of dairy products consumption.
In rural areas, MBS for animal products reach 15% only in Ghana for fish and meat in Senegal. MBS for meat is more than 5% in all countries and Fish MBS are above 5% in 3 other countries. MBS for dairy products are respectively 6 and 4 in Mali and Senegal.
The cumulated rice consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 55.4 Mt with 13.7 for Côte d’Ivoire, 13.7 for Mali 9.7 for Senegal and 8.8 for Ghana. The cumulated wheat consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 18.9 Mt with 5.2 for Ghana, 5.1 for Senegal and 4.2 for Côte d’Ivoire. The cumulated maize consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 43.5 Mt with 15.9 for Ghana, 8.1 for Mali, 7.9 for Burkina Faso and 5.4 for Côte d’Ivoire and Togo. Projections do not include Senegal. The cumulated millet/sorghum consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 95.6 Mt with 40.4 for Niger, 25.3 for Burkina Faso and 20.7 for Mali. Projections do not include Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.
Projections for yam and cassava include Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Togo. For Plantain: Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire and for fish: Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. The cumulated cassava consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 210.7 Mt with 176.3 for Ghana, 24.6 for Côte d’Ivoire and 9.9 for Togo. The cumulated yam consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 157 Mt with 92 for Ghana, 57 for Côte d’Ivoire and 8.1 for Togo. The cumulated fish consumption between 2010 and 2020 is estimated at 11.9 Mt with 3.9 for Senegal, 3.4 for Ghana and 2.8 for Côte d’Ivoire.
The figures for rice and wheat include Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo; for maize: Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Togo; for fish: Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, and Togo; for millet/sorghum: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo; for yam and cassava: Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo; for plantain: Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Cumulated imports needs between 2010 and 2020 are estimated for the selected countries as follows: rice: 26 Mt (47% of consumption); wheat: 19 Mt (100% of consumption); cassava: 32 Mt (15% of consumption); Yam: 16 Mt (10% of consumption); fish: 6.1 MT (51% of consumption). Cumulated export potentials of 8 Mt, 16Mt and 9 Mt are calculated respectively for Maize, millet/sorghum and plantain.
Source: Regional Annual Trends and Outlook Report for West Africa (Draft).