Mobile IP allows mobile devices to stay connected to the internet as they move between networks. It uses a home agent and foreign agent to associate a device's permanent home IP address with its changing care-of address on visited networks. When a mobile node moves, it registers its new care-of address with its home agent so that packets can be forwarded to its current location. This process enables seamless internet connectivity regardless of location.

1. “Mobile Networking Through Mobile IP”
Ashish Chandurkar
Seminar On

2. Introduction
Mobile IP Entities
Mobile IP Process
Security in Mobile IP
Problems with Mobile IP
Mobility in IPV6
Applications of Mobile IP
Conclusion
Outlines

3. Mobile IP was designed to allow mobile device users to move from
one network to another .
Enables hosts to stay connected to the Internet regardless of their
location.
Enables hosts to be tracked without needing to change their IP address.
Requires no changes to software of non-mobile hosts/routers.
Has no geographical limitations.
Supports security.
Standardized by IETF .
Introduction

4. 1)Mobile Node (MN)
The entity that may change its point of attachment from network to
network in the Internet.
Detects it has moved and registers with “best” FA.
Assigned a permanent IP called its home address to which other
hosts send packets regardless of MN’s location.
Since this IP doesn’t change it can be used by long-lived
applications as MN’s location changes.
Mobile IP Entities

5. 2)Home Agent (HA)
This is router with additional functionality
Located on home network of MN
Does mobility binding of MN’s IP with its COA
Forwards packets to appropriate network when MN is away
Home Network
The network within which the device receives its Home address
Mobile IP Entities Contd.

6. 3)Foreign Agent (FA)
Another router with enhanced functionality
If MN is away from HA the it uses an FA to send/receive data
to/from HA
Advertises itself periodically
Forward’s MN’s registration request
Foreign Network
Network in which the Mobile Node is away from its Home network.
Mobile IP Entities Contd.

7. Mobile IP Entities Contd.

8. Care-of-address (COA)
Address which identifies MN’s current location
Sent by FA to HA when MN attaches
Usually the IP address of the FA
Correspondent Node (CN)
End host to which MN is corresponding (eg. a web server)
Mobile IP Entities Contd.

9. Home Address & Care of Address

10. The Mobile IP process has three main phases.
Agent Discovery - A mobile node discovers its foreign agents and
home agents during agent discovery.(Agent advertisement)
Registration - The mobile node registers its current location with
the foreign agent and home agent during registration.(Set up
routing mechanism for transporting packet)
Data Transfer- MN can communicate with CN
Mobile IP Process

11. How Mobile IP Works?

12. Data Transfer
1
2
3
4

13.  Authentication can be performed by all parties
 Only authentication between MN and HA is required
 Keyed MD5 is the default
 The hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)
 HA and FA do not have to share any security information.
Security in Mobile IP

14.  “Triangle” routing
 The Correspondent Node (CN) has to send packets to the Mobile Node
(MN) via the Home Agent (HA),while the MN sends packets directly to
the CN.
Problems with Mobile IP

15. Single HA model is easily broken
Frequent reports to HA if MN is moving
Security-Hijacking
Other Mobile IP Problems

16.  Route Optimization is a fundamental part of Mobile IPv6
 Mobile IPv4 it is an optional set of extensions that may not be
supported by all nodes
 Foreign Agents are not needed in Mobile IPv6
 MNs can function in any location without the services of any special
router in that location
 Security
 Nodes are expected to employ strong authentication and encryption
Mobility in IPv6

17. If route optimization is used, the MN and the CN can, after
performing the correspondent registration process, communicate with
each other directly without the need for sending data packets through
the HA and tunneling between the HA and the MN is not needed.
Here data packet sent from the MN to the CN using route
optimization.
Route Optimization

18. Route Optimization contd.

19. In many applications sudden changes in network connectivity and IP
address can cause problems.
Mobile IP was designed to support seamless and continuous Internet
connectivity.
Mobile IP is most often found in wired and wireless environments
where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LAN
subnets.
 Examples of use are in roaming between overlapping wireless
systems, e.g., IP over DVB, WLAN, WiMAX
Applications of Mobile IP

20. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a
wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40
megabit per second data rates.
The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the
following potential applications:
Providing portable mobile broadband connectivity across cities and
countries through a variety of devices.
Providing a wireless alternative to cable and digital subscriber line
(DSL) for "last mile" broadband access.
WiMAX can provide at home or mobile Internet access across whole
cities or countries.
WIMAX

21. WIMAX Contd.

22. Mobile IP is the new generation technology to bring wireless data
communication in to common use.
Mobile IP will play an increasingly important part in the deployment
of future Internet mobile networking.
Mobile IPv6 is
An efficient protocol for handling mobility with IPv6
To minimize the control traffic needed to effect mobility
Conclusion