This document provides an overview of skyscrapers, including their origin, construction process, important factors in building them, and some of the tallest examples. It begins with an introduction to skyscrapers, noting they originated in Chicago and New York in the 1880s due to space limitations. The document then covers the required materials like steel and reinforced concrete, the typical construction steps from substructure to finishing work, and technological factors like the development of elevators and wind resistance. Examples of the tallest skyscrapers ever built are presented, including Burj Khalifa in Dubai, and the skyscraper scenario in India is briefly addressed. Advantages like space and symbolism are weighed against disadvantages such as high costs and environmental impacts.

1. SKYSCRAPERS
Presented by:-
Nikita sahoo
Subhajit nayak
Sourajit pattnaik

2. Department
of
civil engineering welcomes you
all to the
seminar
on
skyscrapers

3. Contents
• Introduction
• Origin
• Material required
• Construction process
• Important factors
• Some tallest skyscrapers
• Skyscraper scenario in India
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• conclusion
• References

4. introducti
origin
Materials
required • A Building that scrapes (rubs) the sky.
• The term was originally used in
1880’s.
• Tall building are also called as highly
rise building. But the term skyscraper
is often used for buildings higher
than 50m.
• For building higher than 300m are
called super tall while skyscraper
reaching's beyond 600m are
classified as mega tall.

5. introducti
origin
Materials
required Home
Insurance
Building
1885
 The concept was
originated in USA,
in Chicago and
New York, where
the space was
limited and where
the best option
was to increase the
height of the
building.

6. about
origin
Materials
required
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Steel
Reinforced Concrete
Precast Concrete
Mixed-Structure
Composite

7. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
STEP
01
STEP
02
STEP
03
STEP
04
The substructure
The superstructure and core of
the skyscraper
The exterior of the skyscraper
The finishing work of the
skyscraper

8. Cont.
Material
s
Heat
Speed
Wind
Earthquak
e
The
early
elevators
had one
deadly
fault.
Elevators

9. Cont.
Material
s
Heat
Speed
Wind
Earthquake
Early elevators
Automated safety elevators

10. Material
Heat
Speed
Wind
Earthquak
e
Steel is much stronger and lighter stone. Thus it
could reduce the weight of the structure.
Another crucial development was the use of steel
frame instead of stone or brick

11. Heat
Speed
Wind
Earthquak
e
 To reduce heat Curtain walls are used in place of Masonrywalls
 Solar and Thermal control Glasses are being used in Modern Skyscrapers
to make them more convenient .

12. Speed
Wind
Earthquak
e
For construction of World Trade Center in New York
Engineers invented a much faster way of building
Skyscrapers i.e.. Prefabrication technology .
In modern Skyscrapers like Burj Dubai new technology
called jump forming is used.

13. Wind
Earthquak
e  A high speed wind can be extremely dangerous for a skyscraper.
Air rushes around the buildings and forms mini tornadoes called
“Vortices”.
 Building a skyscraper using a traditional steel skeleton would
have caused massive problems.

14. Earthqua
 Taipei sits near the pacific ring of fire the most seismically active area on
earth. An earthquake hits the city roughly twice an year
 In 1999, the architects of world’s tallest skyscraper at that time Taipei 101
in Taiwan faced a big problem.

15. Some tallest skyscrapers

16. • Height:829.8m(2722ft)
• Floors:-163
• Opened:-4th Jan2010
• Location-UAE(Dubai)
Burj Khalifa

17. Empire state building
• Height :-443 m(1,454ft)
• Floors :-102
• Opened:-1st may 1931
• Location:-USA(New York)

18. Petronas twin towers
• Height :-451.9 m(1,483ft)
• Floors :-88(+5 below ground)
• Opened:-1st august 1996
• Location:-Malaysia(Kuala Lumpur)

19. Taipei 101
• Height :-509.2m(1671 ft)
• Floors :-101
• Opened:-31st Dec 2004
• Location:-Taiwan(Taipei)

20. Shanghai Tower
• Height :-632 m(2073 ft)
• Floors :-127
• Opened:-18th Feb 2015
• Location:-China(Shanghai)

21. Skyscraper
Scenario in India

22. Indian Skyscrapers
ONE AVIGHNA PARK; MUMBAI
(266m; 64 floors)
THE 42 ;KOLKATA
(268m; 63 floors)
IMPERIAL TOWERS; MUMBAI
(256m; 60 floors)

23. Mumbai Skyline

24. Advantages
1
2
3
4
5
1.Multipurpose
2.Space
3.Views
4.Symbolism
5.Broadcasting

25. SAFETY
COST OF CONSTRUCTION IS HIGH
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT04
03
02
01
Disadvantages

32. Conclusion
In just over 130 years the
Skyscraper conquered all
forces of nature using power of
Human ingenuity.
Learning from Failures and
making advancements made
Skyscrapers grow from 40m to
830m and still counting.
The Skyscrapers shows
economic power, Will power
and Technical power of a
nation.

33. References
• “The Heights: Anatomy of a Skyscraper”
• “Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings”
• "Tall Buildings In Numbers Vanity Height". Ctbuh.org
• http://www.emporis.com/statistics/worldstallest-buildings
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper

35. Any queries?