The document discusses hacking and information security analysis. It covers various hacking techniques like cyber spying, fraud/forgery, and illegal access. It then discusses common vulnerabilities like buffer overflows, SQL injections, and cross-site scripting attacks. The document provides examples of stack-based buffer overflows and how they can be exploited to hijack a program's execution flow and potentially execute arbitrary code. It also discusses mitigation techniques used by modern operating systems and counter-techniques employed by hackers.

1. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Hacking
Security Analysis
-- Build security with creativity
Danang Heriyadi (danang@hatsecure.com)

2. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Hello World

3. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Today
Hacking Incidents
Assets
Vulnerability Analysis

4. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Top 3 - Hacking in action
Cyber Spying
Fraud or Forgery
Illegal Access

5. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Cyber Spying

6. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Fraud or Forgery

7. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Illegal Access

8. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
How they can do that?
• Sensitive information disclosure
– Search Engine (google, bing, yahoo)
– Magazine
– etc
• Social engineering attacks
– The knowledge and attitude members of an organization possess
regarding the protection of the information assets.
• Vulnerability on your system
– Attacker exploit the vulnerability to gaining access.

9. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Google Hacking

10. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
What are you trying to protect?
• Senstive personal data
• Your network infrastructure
• Your assets

11. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Common Vulnerabilities
• Web
– XSS
– Database Injection
– OS command Injection
– Local File Disclosure
– File Inclusion
– Path Disclosure
– CSRF
– Dir. Traversal
• Low level Vulnerability
– Stack Overflow
– Heap Overflow
– Integer Overflow
– Memory Corruption
– Etc

12. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Buffer Overflow
• Low level vulnerability
– Stack Overflow ( Very easy )
– Integer Overflow ( easy )
– Heap Overflow ( medium )
– Memory Corruption ( easy - medium )
– .....

13. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Impact of buffer overflow
• Application
– Crash and terminated
– Arbitary code execution
• Operating System
– Crash, hang, or reboot
– Arbitary code execution
– Privilege escalation

14. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Basic Knowledge
• CPU Register
– EAX EDI
– EBX ESI
– ECX EBP
– EDX ESP
– EIP

15. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Basic Knowledge
• Assembly Language
– mov ret
– push
– pop
– shr
– jmp

16. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Windows
Memory Allocation
0x00000000
0xFFFFFFFF
Stack
Heap
Program Image
• PE Header
• .text, .rdata, .data, ...
Can be allocated as heap or
stack for other threads
DLL
PEB
Shared User Page
No Access
0x00400000
0x7FFE1000
0x7FFE0000
0x7FFDF000

17. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
C++ from beginner
#include <stdio.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}

18. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Run it !!

19. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234567 => address of main()
0x00000000
Top of Stack

20. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234571 => address of vulnerable()

21. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234585 => stack_data[128]

22. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234544 => address of strcpy()
<Space for stack_data>
ESP
<ptr to argv[1]>
Saved EBP 0x00112233
Saved EIP 0x00112237

23. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
ABCD
ESP
<ptr to argv[1]>
Saved EBP 0x00112233
Saved EIP 0x00112237
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234548 => address of printf()

24. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
ESP
<ptr to argv[1]>
Saved EBP 0x00112233
Saved EIP 0x00112237
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234552 => restore saved EIP -> EIP

25. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
ESP
<ptr to argv[1]>
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234599 => exit(0)

26. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack

27. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
(Stack Overflow)

28. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
(Stack Overflow)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x012345 => address of strcpy()
<Space for stack_data>
ESP
<ptr to argv[1]>
Saved EBP 0x00112233
Saved EIP 0x00112237

29. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
(Stack Overflow)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
Saved EBP 0x41414141
Saved EIP 0x41414141
ESP
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
0x00112233
0x00112237
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x01234548 => address of printf()

30. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
ESP
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
0x00112233
0x00112237
Saved EBP 0x41414141
Saved EIP 0x41414141
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x41414141 => restore saved EIP -> EIP

31. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void vulnerable(char *Buffer){
char stack_data[128];
strcpy (stack_data, Buffer);
printf( " Isi variabel stack_data : %s ", stack_data);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
vulnerable(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
0x00000000
Top of Stack
ESP
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
0x00112233
0x00112237
CPU Register (Example)
• EIP = 0x41414141
Access Volation when executing 0x41414141

32. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Exploitation

33. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Stack Exploitation
(Stack Overflow)
0x00000000
Top of Stack
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
Saved EBP 0x41414141
Saved EIP 0x41414141
ESP
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
0x00112233
0x00112237
0x00000000
Top of Stack
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
414141414141414141414141
Saved EBP 0x41414141
Saved EIP 0x80221122
ESP
31c031db31c931d2eb16bfea
07457e50535150ffd75950684
141414189e3ebeae8f0ffffff48
656c6c6f776f726c64
0x00112233
0x00112237
Shellcode
Address for
JMP ESP

34. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Shellcode
• Small piece of code used as the payload in the
exploitation of a software vulnerability
• Why is our shellcode not working?
– bad character
– Big size

35. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
• Fuzzing Technique
– Detecting Buffer Overflow
– Find offset to overwrite EBP and EIP register
• Find -> JMP ESP
windbg command > lm muser32
windbg command > s -b 7xxxxx 7xxxxx ff e4
• Generate shellcode
– msfvenom
– manual :-P
• Finishing Exploit
Stack Exploitation
(Stack Overflow)

36. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Mitigation and Technique
• Windows XP
– Hardware DEP -> ROP shellcode
• Windows Vistra
– ASLR -> Static address on shared data memory
– DEP -> ROP shellcode
• Windows 7
– ASLR + DEP -> ROP / JIT ROP / JIT ROP Spraying

37. Hacking | Information Security Analysis
Mitigation and Technique
• Windows 8
– ASLR + DEP (new) -> ROP / JIT ROP