The document discusses the Semantic Web, which aims to make web data more easily processable by machines through linking related information. It has four main components - URIs for identification, RDF for describing data, RDF Schema for describing data properties, and OWL for adding reasoning. This allows machines to better interpret and draw conclusions from web data. Challenges include dealing with the vastness, vagueness, uncertainty and inconsistency of web data. The document outlines benefits like more precise information retrieval and simplified application integration. It encourages contributions to developing Semantic Web languages and applications.

1. 5th
Assignment Web Technology
Department of Information Technology,
Institute of Graduate Studies and Research,
University of Alexandria,Egypt.
Presented by:
Ahmed Atef Elnaggar
Supervisor:
Prof. Ahmed M. Elfatatry

2. What Is The Semantic Web?
The Semantic Web is a mesh of information linked up in such a way as to be easily processable
by machines, on a global scale. You can think of it as being an efficient way of representing data
on the World Wide Web, or as a globally linked database.
Purpose
The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by enabling
users to find, share, and combine information more easily. The semantic web is a vision of
information that can be readily interpreted by machines, so machines can perform more of the
tedious work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information on the web.
Capability The technology must be capable of:
 Retrieving large amounts of textual data quickly.
 Allowing users to add annotations so that a reasoning capability exists.
 Making text retrieval more specific.
 Allowing conclusions to be drawn by data on the Web and across organizations.
Challenges
Some of the challenges for the Semantic Web include vastness, vagueness, uncertainty,
inconsistency, and deceit. Automated reasoning systems will have to deal with all of these issues
in order to deliver on the promise of the Semantic Web.
Figure 1: The Semantic Web Layers
FOUR COMPONENTS OF THE SEMANTIC
URI – UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
URI’s are simple web identifiers that are often found on the World
Wide Web (i.e. http, ftp).
RDF – RESOURCE DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK
RDF is used by The Semantic Web to describe data, thus allowing it to
be shared more conveniently. It enables software developers to design
products that will deploy better search engines by utilizing the metadata.
As a result, users have more control over what they are viewing.
Additionally, RDF is vocabulary agnostic which creates an
interoperable environment capable of supporting a diverse range of ontologies.
RDF SCHEMA
The RDF Schema is a language used by The Semantic Web to describe the data properties used in RDF.
display it. Semantic Web uses OWL to add reason to data by identifying and describing relationships
between data
items. OWL
ontologies are capable of processing the content of information, rather than just presenting the data to
users.

3. The Power Of Semantic Web Languages
The main power of Semantic Web languages is that any one can create one, simply by publishing
some RDF that describes a set of URIs, what they do, and how they should be used. We have
already seen that RDF Schema and DAML are very powerful langauges for creating languages.
Because we use URIs for each of the terms in our languages, we can publish the languages easily
without fear that they might get misinterpreted or stolen, and with the knowledge that anyone in
the world that has a generic RDF processor can use them
BENEFITS OF THE SEMANTIC WEB
• Information is captured in a language agnostic format.
• A central repository for knowledge is created.
• More precise, relevant information is captured.
• Processes and procedures are mapped to data sources.
• One collective view of knowledge across enterprise applications is created.
As a result:
• Point-to-point integration becomes obsolete.
• Application integration is easy and efficient.
• Superfluous data decreases.
• knowledge across applications becomes consistent.
• Upgrades and maintenance are simplified.
What Can I Do To Help?
There are many ways in which one can contribute to creating the Semantic Web. Here's a few of
them:-
 Publish some globally useful data in RDF.
 Write an inference engine in the language of your choice.
 Spread the word: do some education and outreach.
 Help in the developent of RDF Schema and/or DAML.
 Contribute in representing state in RDF, a rather neglected field of research.
 Apply your own development backgrounds to the Semantic Web, give us all a new angle
to consider it from.
 Instead of using some proprietary system for your next application, consider making it a
Semantic Web project instead.
There are many other ways in which one can help as well: ask in the community for more details.

4. References
1. ^ "XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline". 2012-02-04.
2. ^ a b c
"W3C Semantic Web Activity". World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). November
7, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
3. ^ a b
Berners-Lee, Tim; James Hendler and Ora Lassila (May 17, 2001). "The Semantic
Web". Scientific American Magazine. Retrieved March 26, 2008.
4. ^ Lee Feigenbaum (May 1, 2007). "The Semantic Web in Action". Scientific American.
Retrieved February 24, 2010.
5. ^ Berners-Lee, Tim (May 1, 2001). "The Semantic Web". Scientific American. Retrieved
March 13, 2008.
6. ^ Nigel Shadbolt, Wendy Hall, Tim Berners-Lee (2006). "The Semantic Web Revisited".
IEEE Intelligent Systems. Retrieved April 13, 2007.