This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data. 06/26/2019
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing. This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World. Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
This presentation was requested by the Nebraska Meter Conference and covers all the components of field testing and best practices including a site check list, field test kits and hot socket repair kits.
This presentation is an overview of the ANSI C12 Standards that pertain to electric metering. This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School. 03/10/20.
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an introduction to transformer rated metering including meter forms, test switches, CTs, Blondel's Theorem, site verification and more. 03/10/20
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an overview of AMI including an overview of the technologies, the benefits, how AMI is changing the industry, and what the future looks like. 03/10/20.
This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School and gives attendees an introduction to meter testing. Topics covered include: why do we test; how do we test; field testing; complaint testing; general meter testing requirements; new meter testing programs; return to service testing; in-service testing; statistical test plans; tracking meter records, and more! 03/03.20
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data. 06/26/2019
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing. This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World. Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
This presentation was requested by the Nebraska Meter Conference and covers all the components of field testing and best practices including a site check list, field test kits and hot socket repair kits.
This presentation is an overview of the ANSI C12 Standards that pertain to electric metering. This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School. 03/10/20.
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an introduction to transformer rated metering including meter forms, test switches, CTs, Blondel's Theorem, site verification and more. 03/10/20
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an overview of AMI including an overview of the technologies, the benefits, how AMI is changing the industry, and what the future looks like. 03/10/20.
This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School and gives attendees an introduction to meter testing. Topics covered include: why do we test; how do we test; field testing; complaint testing; general meter testing requirements; new meter testing programs; return to service testing; in-service testing; statistical test plans; tracking meter records, and more! 03/03.20
Customers always have the right to request a meter test.
Some utilities and some jurisdictions allow for testing at the customer site, others require a test in a laboratory environment.
Some allow the customer to witness the test and others require the utility commission to witness the test.
Utilities must show that the meter tests well and must demonstrate that they have a test program in place to ensure the meters in service are performing well.
This presentation will demonstrate:
Why do we test?
How do we test?
What types of meter tests are there?
How do utility tests differ from customer request tests?
What is In-Service Testing?
How do we know meter tests are good?
What do we do with the test data?
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an overview of self-contained metering, including why we test, how we test, the different types of meter tests, what to do with the data, and more. 03/10/20.
This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School and gives an introduction to meter testing and discusses why we test, how we test, the types of meter tests, what to do with test data and more. 03/03/20
This presentation discusses the importance of testing meters and the best practices and test equipment to do so. This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School. 03.03.20
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Discuss and gain an understanding about;
What is ANSI C12.1 and why do we care
What is suitable traceability according to the law
The need for Meter Standards and traceability in electric metering
The definition of metrology and the application of this science in electric metering
The difference between accuracy and precision and why both are important
The use of Standards in the test lab
The use of portable Standards in the field
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Given by SAMSCO's John Kretzschmar, this presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
This presentation discusses the differences between self-contained and transformer or instrument rated meter sites; transformer rated meter forms; test switches and CTs; meter accuracy testing in the field; checking the health of your CTs and PTs; and Site Verification. This presentation was given at the MEUA Meter School. 03/03/20
This presentation covers differences between self-contained and instrument or transformer rated sites; transformer rated meter forms; test switches and CTs; Blondel's Theorem; meter accuracy testing; checking the health of your CTs and PTs; and site verification (and not just meter testing). This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School. 03/10/20.
This course is electronics based course dealing with measurements and instrumentation designed for students in Physics Electronics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering and allied disciplines. It is a theory course based on the use of electrical and electronics instruments for measurements. The course deals with topics such as Principle of measurements, Errors, Accuracy, Units of measurements and electrical standards, , introduction to the design of electronic equipment’s for temperature, pressure, level, flow measurement, speed etc
The objective of this presentation is to understand the need and best practices for meter and instrument transformer testing in an AMI World including: acceptance and functional testing during and after AMI, Certification, Accuracy testing in the shop and field, Blondel's theorem and why this matters to us in metering, Site Verification and not just meter testing, Instrument Transformer Testing (in shop and in field), and AMI meter population management.
This presentation discusses:
- Best practices regarding the need to ensure that all transformers used for metering circuits are properly sized
- The ability to optimize revenue regardless of customer usage over time
- Best practices to ensure that transformers and meters have been installed correctly in the field and continue to perform in the same fashion
- Best practices for certifying the accuracy class of the transformers and how to best set up a shop testing and field testing/verification program.
- What the costs of implementing such a system and what the costs of not implementing such a system can be.
This presentation will highlight the need for a rigorous approach to meter certification as well as continued testing as both the meter and the communication module and the firmware to run both are upgraded and changed over the course of deployment.
Presented at the North Carolina Electric Meter School. 6/2013
Understand the basics of site verification, from its importance to installation verifications. TESCO's Rob Reese goes over what you need to know about site verification and detailed testing theory and equipment.
This presentation was given with LUCELEC at the CARILEC CEO & Leadership Conference and covers system loss and what to do to reduce it; why transformer rated metering is important; site verification and not just meter testing; and management systems and utilizing AMI data to control and reduce billing errors.
This presentation explains why we test, types of tests and requirements, and data tracking. It's anything and everything you wanted to know about meter testing!
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data—presented at NC Meter School 2022.
Customers always have the right to request a meter test.
Some utilities and some jurisdictions allow for testing at the customer site, others require a test in a laboratory environment.
Some allow the customer to witness the test and others require the utility commission to witness the test.
Utilities must show that the meter tests well and must demonstrate that they have a test program in place to ensure the meters in service are performing well.
This presentation will demonstrate:
Why do we test?
How do we test?
What types of meter tests are there?
How do utility tests differ from customer request tests?
What is In-Service Testing?
How do we know meter tests are good?
What do we do with the test data?
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an overview of self-contained metering, including why we test, how we test, the different types of meter tests, what to do with the data, and more. 03/10/20.
This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School and gives an introduction to meter testing and discusses why we test, how we test, the types of meter tests, what to do with test data and more. 03/03/20
This presentation discusses the importance of testing meters and the best practices and test equipment to do so. This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School. 03.03.20
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Discuss and gain an understanding about;
What is ANSI C12.1 and why do we care
What is suitable traceability according to the law
The need for Meter Standards and traceability in electric metering
The definition of metrology and the application of this science in electric metering
The difference between accuracy and precision and why both are important
The use of Standards in the test lab
The use of portable Standards in the field
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Given by SAMSCO's John Kretzschmar, this presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
This presentation discusses the differences between self-contained and transformer or instrument rated meter sites; transformer rated meter forms; test switches and CTs; meter accuracy testing in the field; checking the health of your CTs and PTs; and Site Verification. This presentation was given at the MEUA Meter School. 03/03/20
This presentation covers differences between self-contained and instrument or transformer rated sites; transformer rated meter forms; test switches and CTs; Blondel's Theorem; meter accuracy testing; checking the health of your CTs and PTs; and site verification (and not just meter testing). This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School. 03/10/20.
This course is electronics based course dealing with measurements and instrumentation designed for students in Physics Electronics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering and allied disciplines. It is a theory course based on the use of electrical and electronics instruments for measurements. The course deals with topics such as Principle of measurements, Errors, Accuracy, Units of measurements and electrical standards, , introduction to the design of electronic equipment’s for temperature, pressure, level, flow measurement, speed etc
The objective of this presentation is to understand the need and best practices for meter and instrument transformer testing in an AMI World including: acceptance and functional testing during and after AMI, Certification, Accuracy testing in the shop and field, Blondel's theorem and why this matters to us in metering, Site Verification and not just meter testing, Instrument Transformer Testing (in shop and in field), and AMI meter population management.
This presentation discusses:
- Best practices regarding the need to ensure that all transformers used for metering circuits are properly sized
- The ability to optimize revenue regardless of customer usage over time
- Best practices to ensure that transformers and meters have been installed correctly in the field and continue to perform in the same fashion
- Best practices for certifying the accuracy class of the transformers and how to best set up a shop testing and field testing/verification program.
- What the costs of implementing such a system and what the costs of not implementing such a system can be.
This presentation will highlight the need for a rigorous approach to meter certification as well as continued testing as both the meter and the communication module and the firmware to run both are upgraded and changed over the course of deployment.
Presented at the North Carolina Electric Meter School. 6/2013
Understand the basics of site verification, from its importance to installation verifications. TESCO's Rob Reese goes over what you need to know about site verification and detailed testing theory and equipment.
This presentation was given with LUCELEC at the CARILEC CEO & Leadership Conference and covers system loss and what to do to reduce it; why transformer rated metering is important; site verification and not just meter testing; and management systems and utilizing AMI data to control and reduce billing errors.
This presentation explains why we test, types of tests and requirements, and data tracking. It's anything and everything you wanted to know about meter testing!
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data—presented at NC Meter School 2022.
A review of the different types of meter testing, test plans, ANSI requirements, and the aspects of traceability of meter test results. Presented at the ECNE Fall Conference. 10/9/2013
Throughout this presentation you will:
Understand Types of Meter Testing
Review Categories of Meter Testing
Review Test Plans for Meters
Review TN (and NC, GA, AL, MS, KY) Meter Testing Requirements
Review Why Statistical Test Plans Are Best
Review Changes for ANSI Testing Requirements
Review Aspects of Traceability of Meter Test Results.
Presented at Mid South Electric Metering Association 2014
Manage change and minimize risk of AMI Meter Certification throughout the process of deployment. Topics covered include: initial certification testing and First Article Testing; Developing functional testing from initial certification protocols; the need for continued certification training on a regular basis; and protocols and frequency for certification testing during and after deployment.
This presentation was given during the 2022 Southeastern Meter School in Auburn, AL. Understand the need and best practices for instrument transformer testing in an AMI world, including why and how to test, and what range of tests and checks to perform in the shop and in the field.
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing.This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World.
Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
This presentation highlights TESCO’s Test Equipment for a variety of needs for today’s utilities. Some of the products included are desktop meter stations, meter test boards, hot socket accessories, transformer test equipment, handheld test equipment and software.
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register. This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America. The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Understand types of meter testing
Review categories of meter testing
Review test plans for meters
review state meter testing requirements
Review why statistical test plans are the best
Review changes for ANSI testing requiements
Review aspects of traceability of meter test results
This presentation was given during the 2023 Southeastern Meter School in Auburn, AL. Understand the need and best practices for instrument transformer testing in an AMI world, including why and how to test, and what range of tests and checks to perform in the shop and in the field.
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Presented at the North Carolina Electric Meter School. 6/2013
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
In this presentation, you will learn the basics - differences between self contained and transformer or instrument rated meter sites, transformer rated meter forms, test switches and CT's, meter accuracy testing in the field, checking the health of your CT's and PT's, and site verification
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing.
This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in this AMI dominated World.
Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
• Why do we test?
• How do we test?
• What types of meter tests are there?
• How do utility tests differ from customer
request tests?
• What is In-Service Testing?
• How do we know meter tests are good?
• What do we do with the test data?
2
3. Why Do We Test?
Our regulatory commissions require us to test meters.
But only for accuracy. State regulatory commissions
want electric utilities to ensure that no customer is being
billed unfairly and that no subset of customers is being
unfairly subsidized by the rest of the rate payers. Some
states mandate only accuracy tests and others require
demand and time of use accuracy tests.
Any tests beyond accuracy tests are tests that are simply
good business practice.
3
4. Complaint Testing
Customers always have the right to request a meter test.
Some utilities and some jurisdictions allow for testing at
the customer site, others require a test in a laboratory
environment.
Some allow the customer to witness the test and others
require the utility commission to witness the test.
Utilities must show that the meter tests well and must
demonstrate that they have a test program in place to
ensure the meters in service are performing well.
4
5. GENERAL METER TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
New Meters
Manufacturers tests
In-house tests on new
shipments
Return to Service Testing
In-Service Meters
Periodic Tests
Selective, random, or
statistical testing
Retirement tests
Testing of related metering equipment
5
6. New Meter Testing Programs
• Accept the Manufacturer’s Test results
• Perform a Statistical Test of an incoming shipment
• Perform a 100% test of an incoming shipment
6
7. Return to Service Testing
• Meters to be returned to
service must always
(virtually every utility
commission requires this)
be accuracy tested before
being returned to service.
• Best business practices
also require that the meter
is functionally tested as
well.
7
8. In Service Testing
Meter Testing for new and in-service meters is specified
in ANSI C12.1-2015, American National Standard for
Electric Meters, Code for Electricity Metering. Most utility
commissions use this Standard a reference or the basis
for their meter testing requirements.
8
9. TEST PLANS FOR METERS
Four test plan options available:
• Periodic
• Statistical
9
10. PERIODIC TEST PLANS
Periodic
Varies by State
Example provided by ANSI C12.1:
Each Electro Mechanical meter is tested once every 8 years
All other Meters are tested every 16 years
Appendix D provides details for other meters & devices
No guidance for AMI meters
Generally, average of 12.5% of population tested per year
8 Years 16 Years
10
11. Statistical Test Plans
The Best Approach
ANSI C12.1-2001 Code for Electricity Metering Guidance
Paragraph 5.1.4.3.3 Statistical sampling plan
“The statistical sampling plan used shall conform to accepted principles of
statistical sampling based on either variables or attributes methods. Meters shall
be divided into homogeneous groups, such as manufacturer and manufacturer’s
type. The groups may be further divided into subdivision within the
manufacturer’s type by major design modifications.”
NOTE - Examples of statistical sampling plans
can be found in ANSI/ASQC Z1.9, the ANSI
version of MIL-STD-414 and ANSI/ASQC Z1.4,
the ANSI version of MIL-STD-105.
11
12. Why Use a Statistical Testing Plan?
• Focuses testing on the proper meters
• Minimizes number of meters to be tested; usually requires
less than 30% of what a periodic testing plan requires
• Provides data and analysis tools for use in
understanding what is happening with installed meters
or for use in the purchasing of new meters
12
13. Homogeneous Population(s)
• The groups or populations being sampled and tested
are made up of the same or similar items, items
which operate in the same way and were made in the
same manner.
• For electric meters, this has traditionally been
interpreted as being meters of a specific meter
type from a manufacturer (i.e. AB1, J5S, MX, etc.).
• AMR & AMI programs have helped to make the
overall populations more homogenous. This makes a
utility with AMR & AMI meters better prepared to
take advantage of a statistical sampling plan.
13
14. Testing of a Meter vs Testing a Site
Test an installation and system and not just a meter!
Test programs may need to involve testing and checking the
meter performance as well as checking and testing the
installation. This more extensive test check list needs to be
done especially for the higher revenue C&I customers.
14
15.
16. METER TESTING TRACEABILITY
Test equipment to NIST standards
Tracking number of meters to be tested per State
Commission requirements
Tracking meter test data
Meter Records
Meter Data Management
System (MDMS)
16
17. • Traceability is defined as ability to link the results of the
calibration and measurement to related standard and/or
reference (preferably national or international standard)
through an unbroken chain of comparisons.
• Calibration is typically performed by measuring a test unit
against a known standard or reference.
• Master standard (i.e. gages) are kept by National
Measurement Institute (NMI) of each country.
Meter Testing Traceability
17
18. • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
provides internal tracking numbers, which are often used as
evidence of traceability.
• WARNING! NIST does not certify or guarantee that
calibration and measurements are correct, nor does it provide
any kind of certification of accuracy and calibration. NIST only
provides certifications for the work performed by them.
Meter Testing Traceability
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20. • National Standard
In the US, this is maintained by NIST, in Canada by NRC. Not all countries
have a National Standards group and even the US does not have a group for
every item of interest to an electric utility (e.g. voltage transformers)
• Reference/Master Standard
Item of highest metrological quality located at a site where calibration is being
conducted.
Transfer Standard
Lower level of Reference Standard and used for calibration of lower level
calibration requirements measuring devices.
• Working Standard
Lower level of Reference Standard and used for calibration of lower level
calibration requirements measuring devices. Should be compared to Master
Standard or Reference Standard on regular basis; used for daily checks
comparisons of the calibrated devices.
Meter Testing Traceability - Standards
20
21. Test Equipment Calibration
Primary Requirement: Traceable to NIST Standards
• Meter Test Boards, Field Test Kits calibrated to a known
master standard maintained at Meter Shop.
Some periodicity such as monthly or quarterly
• Reference or Master standard calibrated by outside vendor
traceable to NIST or directly by NIST.
Usually annually
21
22. TRACKING METER RECORDS
• AMI programs help to update and overhaul meter
record systems.
• Having the records for the entire meter population
updated allows for a better chance that test data is
available to answer questions and that any meter
may be selected as part of the sample for testing.
22
23. Meter Test Data Tracking
Test data should be tracked throughout meter life
– Certification testing, first article, acceptance testing, in-service
(field & shop), retirement
• Meter test data should be linked to meter record data such as meter
form, amps, voltage, display type, etc.
• Best time to start to develop the
program is before the meters are being
installed.
• Accuracy test data is usually collected
automatically as new meters are tested
in meter shops or cross docks.
23
24. Meter Test Data Tracking
• Need to consider tracking non-accuracy functional testing (meter
software configuration, service disconnect testing, voltage, etc.)
• Use installation reports to determine if there is any initial concerns
about the meters being installed.
• Typical reports that should be available:
• Failed Meter Report, Project to Date
• Electric Meters on Network Report
24
25. Meter Test Data Tracking System
• System should track meter test results for ease of future
reference or for response to public or Utility Commission
inquiries.
• Maybe part of Meter Data Management System (MDMS) or
a separate Meter Records system.
• Requires discipline in collecting & entering data, especially
field tests.
25
26. BASIC ELECTRICAL LAWS
Ohms Law
Voltage = Current times Resistance
V = I X R
THE MOST USEFUL AND THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL OF THE ELECTRICAL
LAWS
26
27. BASIC CONCEPTS: ELECTRICITY AND
WATER
Comparing Electricity to Water flowing from a hose
Voltage is the equivalent of the pressure in the hose
Current is water flowing through a hose (coulombs/sec vs gal/sec).
The water in a system is the “charge” (coulombs)
Impedance(Resistance) is the size of the hose. The nozzle would
provide a change in resistance.
Power is how fast water flows from a pipe (gallons per minute vs
kilowatts). Power is a rate of energy consumption
27
31. BASIC ELECTRICAL LAWS
Ohms Law Examples
If V = 20 volts and I = 5 amperes what is the resistance?
R = V / I = 20 / 5 = 4 ohms
If R = 20 ohms and V = 120 volts what is the current?
I = V / R = 120 / 20 = 6 amps
If I = 10 amperes and R = 24 ohms what is the voltage?
V = I x R = 10 x 24 = 240 volts
Problem: If V = 240 volts and R = 6 ohms what is the current?
I = V / R = 240 / 6 = 40 amps
31
33. BASIC ELECTRICAL LAWS
Power = Voltage x Current = V x I = I2R = V2/R
If V = 20 volts and I = 8 amperes what is the power?
P = V x I = 20 x 8 = 160 watts
If R = 5 ohms and V = 120 volts what is the power?
P = V2/R = 120 x 120 / 5 = 2880 watts
If I = 10 amperes and R = 20 ohms what is the power?
P = I2R = 10 x 10 x 20 = 2000 watts
1 kilowatt (kW) = 1,000 watts
1 megawatt (MW) = 1,000,000 watts
33
34. BASIC ELECTRICAL LAWS
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
The sum of the voltages around a circuit loop is zero.
V = V1 + V2 + V3 = I * (R1 + R2 + R3) = I1 * R1 + I2 * R2 + I3 * R3
I = I1 = I2 = I3
Resistors in
series add
34
35. BASIC ELECTRICAL LAWS
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) – PROBLEM #1
I = V / R = V / (R1 + R2 + R3) = 120/(10+20+30) = 2
amperes
V1 = I*R1 = 2 *10 = 20 volts
V2 = I*R2 = 2 *20 = 40 volts
V3 = I*R3 = 2 *30 = 60 volts
What is the current in
the circuit?
What are V1, V2, V3?
35
36. BASIC ELECTRICAL LAWS
Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)
The sum of the currents at a node in a circuit is zero.
I = I1 + I2 + I3
If Loads are placed in parallel they sum up.
So does power
P = V x I = V x I1 + V x I2 + V x I3
36
37. BASIC AC THEORY
POWER – THE SIMPLE VIEW
E = Voltage (rms)
I = Current (rms)
PF = Power Factor
Power = Watts = E x I x PF
Power is sometimes
referred to as Demand
Sinusoidal
Waveforms
Only
NO
Harmonics
For a 120 Volt service drawing
13 Amps at Unity (1.0) PF,
how much power is being drawn?
Power = 120 x 13 x 1.0 = 1560 Watts
37
38. BASIC METER MATH
POWER – THE SIMPLE VIEW
For a 120 Volt service drawing
13 Amps at 0.866 PF,
how much power is being drawn?
Power = 120 x 13 x 0.866 = 1351 Watts
For a 480 Volt service drawing
156 Amps at 0.712 PF,
how much power is being drawn?
Power = 480 x 156 x 0.712 = 53,315 Watts
38
39. BASIC AC THEORY
POWER – THE SIMPLE VIEW
In the previous example we had:
Power = 480 x 156 x 0.712 = 53,315 Watts
Normally we don’t talk about Watts, we speak in Kilowatts
1000 Watts = 1 Kilowatt = 1 kW
Watts / 1000 = Kilowatts
For a 480 Volt service drawing
156 Amps at Unity (0.712) PF,
how many Kilowatts are being drawn?
Power = 480 x 156 x 0.712 / 1000 = 53.315 kW
39
40. BASIC AC THEORY
ENERGY – WHAT WE SELL
If power is how fast water flows from a pipe,
then energy is how much water we have in a bucket
after the water has been flowing for a specified time.
Energy = Power x Time
1 kW for 1 Hour = 1 Kilowatt-Hour = 1 kWh
Energy (Wh) = E x I x PF x T
where T = time in hours
Energy (kW) = (E x I x PF / 1000) x T
40
41. BASIC METER MATH
ENERGY – WHAT WE SELL
For a 120 Volt service drawing 45 Amps at a
Power Factor of 0.9 for 1 day,
how much Energy (kWh) has been used?
Energy = (120 x 45 x 0.9 / 1000) x 24 = 116.64 kWh
For a 240 Volt service drawing 60 Amps at a
Power Factor of 1.0 for 5.5 hours,
how much Energy (kWh) has been used?
Energy = (240 x 60 x 1.0 / 1000) x 5.5 = 79.2 kWh
41
42. BASIC METER MATH
ENERGY – WHAT WE SELL
For a 120 Volt service drawing 20 Amps at a
Power Factor of 0.8 from 8:00AM to 6:00PM,
and 1 Amp at PF=1.0 from 6:00PM to 8:00AM
how much Energy (kWh) has been used?
8:00AM to 6:00PM = 10 hours
6:00PM to 8:00AM = 14 hours
Energy = (120 x 20 x 0.8 / 1000) x 10 = 19.2 kWh
Energy = (120 x 1 x 1 / 1000) x 14 = 1.68 kWh
Energy = 19.2 kWh + 1.68 kWh = 20.88 kWh
42
43. BASIC AC THEORY
WHAT IS VA?
Power was measured in Watts. Power does useful work.
The power that does useful work is referred to as
“Active Power.”
VA is measured in Volt-Amperes. It is the capacity
required to deliver the Power. It is also referred to as the
“Apparent Power.”
Power Factor = Active Power / Apparent Power
VA = E x I
PF = W/VA
43
44. BASIC METER MATH
POWER – VA
For a 120 Volt service drawing 13 Amps at 0.866 PF
How much power is being drawn?
Power = 120 x 13 x 0.866 = 1351 Watts
How many VA are being drawn?
VA = 120 x 13 = 1560 Volt-Amperes
44
45. BASIC METER MATH
POWER – VA
For a 480 Volt service drawing 156 Amps at 0.712 PF
How much power is being drawn?
Power = 480 x 156 x 0.712 = 53,315 Watts
How many VA are being drawn?
VA = 480 x 156 = 74,880 Volt-Amperes
45
46. BASIC METER MATH
POWER – VA
For a 120 Volt service drawing 60 Amps at 1.00 PF
How much power is being drawn?
Power = 120 x 60 x 1.00 = 7,200 Watts
How many VA are being drawn?
VA = 120 x 60 = 7,200 Volt Amperes
46
47. BASIC AC THEORY
SINUSOIDAL WAVEFORMS
Sine Wave
(200.000)
(150.000)
(100.000)
(50.000)
0.000
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
Degrees
Amplitude
Peak Value
RMS Value
47
49. BASIC AC THEORY
INSTANTANEOUS POWER
)2(2120 ftSinV )2(296 ftSinI )0(96120 CosP
P = 11520 Watts
Power is a “rate of flow” like water running through a pipe.
Average
Power
49
50. BASIC AC THEORY
INSTANTANEOUS POWER
Sine Wave
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
Degrees
Amplitude
-25000
-20000
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Average
Power
)2(2120 ftSinV )302(296 ftSinI )30(96120 CosP
P = 9,976 Watts
PF=0.86650
51. BASIC ENERGY FORMULA
The essential specification of a watthour meter’s measurement
is given by the value
Kh [ Watthours per disk revolution ]
The watthour meter formula is as follows:
srevolutiondisk
revolutiondisk
watthours
Watthours nKE h *
51
53. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
• Why do we test?
• How do we test?
• What types of meter tests are there?
• How do utility tests differ from customer
request tests?
• What is In-Service Testing?
• How do we know meter tests are good?
• What do we do with the test data?
53
54. QUESTIONS?
Tom Lawton
TESCO – The Eastern Specialty Company
Bristol, PA
215-785-2338
This presentation can also be found under Meter
Conferences and Schools on the TESCO web site:
www.tescometering.com
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