Understand types of meter testing
Review categories of meter testing
Review test plans for meters
review state meter testing requirements
Review why statistical test plans are the best
Review changes for ANSI testing requiements
Review aspects of traceability of meter test results
A review of the different types of meter testing, test plans, ANSI requirements, and the aspects of traceability of meter test results. Presented at the ECNE Fall Conference. 10/9/2013
Throughout this presentation you will:
Understand Types of Meter Testing
Review Categories of Meter Testing
Review Test Plans for Meters
Review TN (and NC, GA, AL, MS, KY) Meter Testing Requirements
Review Why Statistical Test Plans Are Best
Review Changes for ANSI Testing Requirements
Review Aspects of Traceability of Meter Test Results.
Presented at Mid South Electric Metering Association 2014
Customers always have the right to request a meter test.
Some utilities and some jurisdictions allow for testing at the customer site, others require a test in a laboratory environment.
Some allow the customer to witness the test and others require the utility commission to witness the test.
Utilities must show that the meter tests well and must demonstrate that they have a test program in place to ensure the meters in service are performing well.
This presentation will demonstrate:
Why do we test?
How do we test?
What types of meter tests are there?
How do utility tests differ from customer request tests?
What is In-Service Testing?
How do we know meter tests are good?
What do we do with the test data?
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing. This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World. Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
Condition-Based Maintenance Basics by Carl Byington - PHM Design, LLCCarl Byington
Condition-based maintenance (CBM or CBM+) is a strategy of performing maintenance on a machine or system only when there is objective evidence of need or impending failure. CBM is enabled by the evolution of key technologies, including improvements in - sensors, microprocessors, digital signal processing, simulation modeling, multisensor data fusion, reliability engineering, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, data warehousing, cloud computing, machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics. CBM involves monitoring the health or performance of a component or system and performing maintenance based on that inferred health and in some cases, predicted remaining useful life (RUL). This predictive maintenance philosophy contrasts with earlier ideologies, such as corrective maintenance — in which action is taken after a component or system fails — and preventive maintenance — which is based on event or time milestones. Each involves a cost tradeoff.
Carl Byington with PHM Design, LLC reviews some of the elements of CBM.
#phmdesign
https://phmdesign.com
Understand types of meter testing
Review categories of meter testing
Review test plans for meters
review state meter testing requirements
Review why statistical test plans are the best
Review changes for ANSI testing requiements
Review aspects of traceability of meter test results
A review of the different types of meter testing, test plans, ANSI requirements, and the aspects of traceability of meter test results. Presented at the ECNE Fall Conference. 10/9/2013
Throughout this presentation you will:
Understand Types of Meter Testing
Review Categories of Meter Testing
Review Test Plans for Meters
Review TN (and NC, GA, AL, MS, KY) Meter Testing Requirements
Review Why Statistical Test Plans Are Best
Review Changes for ANSI Testing Requirements
Review Aspects of Traceability of Meter Test Results.
Presented at Mid South Electric Metering Association 2014
Customers always have the right to request a meter test.
Some utilities and some jurisdictions allow for testing at the customer site, others require a test in a laboratory environment.
Some allow the customer to witness the test and others require the utility commission to witness the test.
Utilities must show that the meter tests well and must demonstrate that they have a test program in place to ensure the meters in service are performing well.
This presentation will demonstrate:
Why do we test?
How do we test?
What types of meter tests are there?
How do utility tests differ from customer request tests?
What is In-Service Testing?
How do we know meter tests are good?
What do we do with the test data?
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing. This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World. Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
Condition-Based Maintenance Basics by Carl Byington - PHM Design, LLCCarl Byington
Condition-based maintenance (CBM or CBM+) is a strategy of performing maintenance on a machine or system only when there is objective evidence of need or impending failure. CBM is enabled by the evolution of key technologies, including improvements in - sensors, microprocessors, digital signal processing, simulation modeling, multisensor data fusion, reliability engineering, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, data warehousing, cloud computing, machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics. CBM involves monitoring the health or performance of a component or system and performing maintenance based on that inferred health and in some cases, predicted remaining useful life (RUL). This predictive maintenance philosophy contrasts with earlier ideologies, such as corrective maintenance — in which action is taken after a component or system fails — and preventive maintenance — which is based on event or time milestones. Each involves a cost tradeoff.
Carl Byington with PHM Design, LLC reviews some of the elements of CBM.
#phmdesign
https://phmdesign.com
Plant wide control design based on steady-state combined indexesISA Interchange
This work proposes an alternative methodology for designing multi-loop control structures based on steady-state indexes and multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems. Indeed, the simultaneous selection of the controlled variables, manipulated variables, input-output pairing, and controller size and interaction degree is performed by using a combined index which relies on the sum of square deviations and the net load evaluation assessments in conjunction. This unified approach minimizes both the dynamic simulation burden and the heuristic knowledge requirements for deciding about the final optimal control structure. Further, this methodology allows incorporating structural modifications of the optimization problem context (degrees of freedom). The case study selected is the well-known Tennessee Eastman process and a set of simulations are given to compare this approach with early works.
Analytical control strategy - Part -4 : How the ACS Applies to the Product Lifecycle and How the modern concept of a lifecycle model can be applied to analytical procedures.
Statistical process control (SPC) is a method of quality control which uses statistical methods. SPC is applied in order to monitor and control a process. Monitoring and controlling the process ensures that it operates at its full potential. At its full potential, the process can make as much conforming product as possible with a minimum (if not an elimination) of waste (rework or scrap). SPC can be applied to any process where the "conforming product" (product meeting specifications) output can be measured. Key tools used in SPC include control charts; a focus on continuous improvement; and the design of experiments. An example of a process where SPC is applied is manufacturing lines.
Measuring Instruments Directive (2004/22/EC):
Guide for generating sampling plans
for statistical verification according to
Annex F and F1 of MID 2004/22/EC
isk-Based Inspection (RBI) is a systematic approach that enables users to make informed business decisions regarding inspection and maintenance expenditure. It identifies, assesses and maps industrial risks (due to corrosion and stress cracking), which can compromise equipment integrity in both pressurized equipment and structural elements.
RBI combines the principles of risk with operational experience to obtain a safe and cost effective inspection program targeting inspection where and when it is needed. Also addresses risks that can be controlled through proper inspections and analysis.
Highlights of the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI world. Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment. 6/2014.
This presentation will give you an understanding of self contained and transformer rated current transformers. You will also discuss meter testing, CT testing, ratio & burden testing.
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing.
This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World.
Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
Presented at the Mid-South Electric Metering Association 2015.
This presentation will discuss how the use and need for voltage transformers has changed over the last twenty years. With the introduction of auto-ranging electric meters, meter technicians need to be prepared, use the appropriate tools and PPE for high capacity circuits (without VT's), as this method has become increasingly popular.
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Plant wide control design based on steady-state combined indexesISA Interchange
This work proposes an alternative methodology for designing multi-loop control structures based on steady-state indexes and multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems. Indeed, the simultaneous selection of the controlled variables, manipulated variables, input-output pairing, and controller size and interaction degree is performed by using a combined index which relies on the sum of square deviations and the net load evaluation assessments in conjunction. This unified approach minimizes both the dynamic simulation burden and the heuristic knowledge requirements for deciding about the final optimal control structure. Further, this methodology allows incorporating structural modifications of the optimization problem context (degrees of freedom). The case study selected is the well-known Tennessee Eastman process and a set of simulations are given to compare this approach with early works.
Analytical control strategy - Part -4 : How the ACS Applies to the Product Lifecycle and How the modern concept of a lifecycle model can be applied to analytical procedures.
Statistical process control (SPC) is a method of quality control which uses statistical methods. SPC is applied in order to monitor and control a process. Monitoring and controlling the process ensures that it operates at its full potential. At its full potential, the process can make as much conforming product as possible with a minimum (if not an elimination) of waste (rework or scrap). SPC can be applied to any process where the "conforming product" (product meeting specifications) output can be measured. Key tools used in SPC include control charts; a focus on continuous improvement; and the design of experiments. An example of a process where SPC is applied is manufacturing lines.
Measuring Instruments Directive (2004/22/EC):
Guide for generating sampling plans
for statistical verification according to
Annex F and F1 of MID 2004/22/EC
isk-Based Inspection (RBI) is a systematic approach that enables users to make informed business decisions regarding inspection and maintenance expenditure. It identifies, assesses and maps industrial risks (due to corrosion and stress cracking), which can compromise equipment integrity in both pressurized equipment and structural elements.
RBI combines the principles of risk with operational experience to obtain a safe and cost effective inspection program targeting inspection where and when it is needed. Also addresses risks that can be controlled through proper inspections and analysis.
Highlights of the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI world. Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment. 6/2014.
This presentation will give you an understanding of self contained and transformer rated current transformers. You will also discuss meter testing, CT testing, ratio & burden testing.
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing.
This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World.
Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
Presented at the Mid-South Electric Metering Association 2015.
This presentation will discuss how the use and need for voltage transformers has changed over the last twenty years. With the introduction of auto-ranging electric meters, meter technicians need to be prepared, use the appropriate tools and PPE for high capacity circuits (without VT's), as this method has become increasingly popular.
Over much of the 20th century, utilities, regulators and customers each relied upon lab and field meter testing efforts which were primarily focused upon the accuracy of the watt-hour meter and demand register.
This focus is now changing with overwhelming deployment of electronic meters and significant deployment of AMR and AMI meters throughout the installed base in North America.
The focus has now shifted to the metering installation as a whole and not the accuracy of the meter.
Throughout this presentation you will:
Understand customer concerns about smart meters and AMI.
Be able to respond as a utility and as a utility worker.
Presented at the Mid-South Electric Metering Association 2015.
Hot Sockets are not a new phenomenon. Virtually every meter man has pulled a meter with a portion of the meter base around a blade melted and virtually every utility has been called to assist in the investigation of a fire at a meter box.
AMI deployments because of the volume of meters involved put a spot light on this issue.
What causes a hot socket?
Are the meters ever the cause of a meter box failure?
What are the things to look for when inspecting an existing meter installation?
What are the best practices for handling potential hot sockets?
This presentation will cover the results of our lab investigation into the sources for hot sockets, the development of a fixture to simulate hot sockets, the tests and data gleaned from hot sockets, and a discussion of “best practices” regarding hot sockets.
TESCO has been involved with metering for more than 100 years. We focuses solely on the needs of metering, with a wide range of software, test equipment, and tools.
Meter Manager is the result of more than 20 years of experience creating software for electric and gas utilities. It has been designed from the ground up to meet your needs not only today, but in the future.
Meter Manager is built with state-of-art tools and modern software architecture, which continues to grow with new and expanded features, all of which are made available to all of our customers.
This presentation will discuss how Asset Tracking for Metering has changed dramatically over the past dozen years and what the term “asset tracking” will mean for meter services in the future.
In the past we had Corporate asset management systems that originated on the financial side of the business and we had meter record systems that handled all metering test results. Between the two we would have all of our bases covered.
This presentation will give you an understanding of self contained and transformer rated current transformers. You will also discuss meter testing, CT testing, ratio & burden testing. 6/2014.
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing.
This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World.
Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployment
Given by SAMSCO's John Kretzschmar, this presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data.
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including: why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data. 06/26/2019
This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School and gives attendees an introduction to meter testing. Topics covered include: why do we test; how do we test; field testing; complaint testing; general meter testing requirements; new meter testing programs; return to service testing; in-service testing; statistical test plans; tracking meter records, and more! 03/03.20
This presentation explains why we test, types of tests and requirements, and data tracking. It's anything and everything you wanted to know about meter testing!
This presentation covers the basics of meter testing including why we test; how to test; types of meter tests; how utility tests differ from customer request tests; in-service testing; and what to do with the test data—presented at NC Meter School 2022.
This presentation was given at MEUA Meter School and gives an introduction to meter testing and discusses why we test, how we test, the types of meter tests, what to do with test data and more. 03/03/20
This presentation was given at the PREA Meter School and gives an overview of self-contained metering, including why we test, how we test, the different types of meter tests, what to do with the data, and more. 03/10/20.
Discuss and gain an understanding about;
What is ANSI C12.1 and why do we care
What is suitable traceability according to the law
The need for Meter Standards and traceability in electric metering
The definition of metrology and the application of this science in electric metering
The difference between accuracy and precision and why both are important
The use of Standards in the test lab
The use of portable Standards in the field
This presentation will give you better understanding of the contents of ANSI C12.20-2010 for 0.2 and 0.5 Accuracy Class Meters. You will also understand the Relationship of C12.20 to C12.1, understand ANSI C12.20 Changes Planned for 2015 Edition and ANSI C12.1 changes planned for 2014, & understand the new ANSI C12.29 for Field Testing and potential time frame.
Discuss – Will this affect how we test in the field?
Presented at the Southeastern Electricity Metering Association (SEMA). 11/2013
This presentation will highlight the need for a rigorous approach to meter certification as well as continued testing as both the meter and the communication module and the firmware to run both are upgraded and changed over the course of deployment.
Presented at the North Carolina Electric Meter School. 6/2013
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, there has been a dramatic shift in the approach to qualifying and certifying electricity meters.
This presentation will highlight the need for a rigorous approach to meter certification as well as continued testing as both the meter and the communication module and the firmware to run both are upgraded and changed over the course of deployment.
Examples of issues which have arisen over the course of various deployments along with varying approaches to and interpretations of the same ANSI tests by manufacturers will be discussed.
Presented at the Southeastern Electricity Metering Association (SEMA). 11/2013
Understand contents of ANSI C12.20-2010 for 0.2 and 0.5 Accuracy Class Meters.
Understand the Relationship of C12.20 to C12.1.
Understand ANSI C12.20 Changes Planned for 2015. Edition and ANSI C12.1 changes planned for 2014.
Understand new ANSI C12.29 for Field Testing and potential time frame.
Discuss – Will this affect how we test in the field?
As many utilities have elected to deploy advanced metering systems and millions of new solid-state, microprocessor based end-points with communications under glass, a dramatic shift has begun regarding where metering resources are being deployed and what they are doing.This presentation will highlight the new value proposition for metering personnel at their respective utility companies in a post-AMI World.
Examples of issues which have arisen or been identified over the course of various deployments and in the immediate aftermath of an AMI deployment.
Validation of lab instruments and quantitative test methods Mostafa Mahmoud
This lecture shows the procedures applied when going to validate your laboratory instruments and quantitative test methods also either FDA approved or laboratory developed tests.
Manage change and minimize risk of AMI Meter Certification throughout the process of deployment. Topics covered include: initial certification testing and First Article Testing; Developing functional testing from initial certification protocols; the need for continued certification training on a regular basis; and protocols and frequency for certification testing during and after deployment.
Similar to TESCO Advanced Meter Testing Programs (20)
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
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We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
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Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
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However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
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TESCO Advanced Meter Testing Programs
1. Advanced Meter Testing
Programs
Advanced Meter Testing Programs,
Traceability, Commission Requirements as
part of Site Verification in a Pre and Post
AMI World
Prepared by Tom Lawton,TESCO
for the Fall Southeastern Electricity Metering Association
10/02/2012 Advanced Metering Track
Slide 1
November 7, 2012 1
2. Session Objectives
• Understand Types of Meter Testing
• Review Categories of Meter Testing
• Review Test Plans for Meters
• Review Florida Meter Testing Requirements
• Review Why Statistical Test Plans Are Best
• Review Changes for ANSI Testing Requirements
• Review Aspects of Traceability of Meter Test Results
2
3. Program Background
Meter Testing for new and in-service meters is specified in
ANSI C12.1-2008, American National Standard for Electric
Meters, Code for Electricity Metering. Most utility
commissions use this Standard a reference or the basis for their
meter testing requirements.
The face of the electric meter population throughout the
country and especially throughout the state of Florida is
changing as are the meter testing requirements. Several AMI
programs have been completed and more have started
throughout the State contributing to these changes.
3
4. Types of Meter Testing
• New meters have many tests specified in ANSI C12.1
and C12.20, usually performed by the meter vendors.
• With In-service meters, mainly meter consumption
accuracy
– Maybe Full Load, Light Load, Weighted Average
Accuracy
– In the Meter Shop (periodic in service testing
requirements)
– In the Field (customer inquiries & complaints)
• With AMI/Smart Grid, must consider meter device
functional testing for in-service.
4
5. Impact of AMI & AMR
Test an installation and system and not just a meter!
Test programs for AMR & AMI systems need to
involve testing and checking the meter performance
as well as checking and testing the installation. This
more extensive test check list needs to be done
especially for the higher revenue C&I customers.
5
6. Impact of AMI Devices
• New concept of what is a meter…includes everything
under the cover.
• AMI communications modules and
service disconnect switches.
• Need to applies sampling and testing requirements to
these devices when part of the AMI meter.
6
7. Categories Of Meter Testing
• New Meters
– Testing in the Meter Shop or Cross Dock
• In Service
– Testing in the Meter Shop for State periodic requirements
– Testing in the field for customer inquiries or complaints
• Retirement
– Testing in the Meter Shop or Cross Dock
7
9. Test Plans for Meters
Four test plan options available:
• Periodic
• Variable Interval
• Selective
• Statistical
9
10. Periodic Test Plans
• Periodic
– Varies by State
– Example provided by ANSI C12.1:
• Each Electro Mechanical meter is tested once every 8 years
• All other Meters are tested every 16 years
• Appendix D provides details for other meters & devices
• No guidance for AMI meters
– Generally, average of 12.5% of population tested per year
10
11. Variable Interval Test Plans
• Variable Interval
– Formula-based plan where percentage of
meters to be tested is based on the formula.
For example:
Required Percentage = 4 + 0.133 (2X + Y)
• X is percentage of meters tested > 102% in
preceding year
• Y is percentage of meters tested < 98% or >
102% in preceding year
• If required percentage reaches 8%, then the
meter group has to be put on a remedial action
program.
11
12. Selective Test Plans
• Selective Plan
– Not Specified In ANSI C12.1
– Complex formula-based plan where the percentage
of meters to be tested is based on one of four
formulas depending on the value of X and Y. Fro
example:
• X is percentage of meters tested > 102% in preceding
year
• Y is percentage of meters tested < 98% or > 102% in
preceding year
• Minimum sample for a meter group is either 12.5% of the
population or 200 meters, whichever is less.
12
13. Statistical Test Plans
The Best Approach
ANSI C12.1-2001 Code for Electricity Metering Guidance
Paragraph 5.1.4.3.3 Statistical sampling plan
“The statistical sampling plan used shall conform to accepted principles of
statistical sampling based on either variables or attributes methods. Meters shall
be divided into homogeneous groups, such as manufacturer and manufacturer’s
type. The groups may be further divided into subdivision within the
manufacturer’s type by major design modifications.”
NOTE - Examples of statistical sampling plans can be found in ANSI/ASQC
Z1.9, the ANSI version of MIL-STD-414 and ANSI/ASQC Z1.4, the ANSI
version of MIL-STD-105.
13
14. General Meter Testing Requirements
• New Meters
– Manufacturers tests
– In-house tests on new shipments
• In-Service Meters
– Periodic Tests
– Selective, random, or statistical testing
• Retirement tests and testing of related
metering equipment
14
15. In-Service Testing
Requirements - Nationally
• Of 51 jurisdictions (50 states and the District of Columbia):
- 5 states mandate periodic testing and allow no alternative: AL, CO, MS, OR, & TX
- 3 states allow for periodic testing or variable interval / selective testing but no other
alternative: HI, NY, & RI
- Of the remaining 43 jurisdictions, statistical sample testing is possible in all. Specifically:
· 7 states normally require periodic testing but allow waivers for statistical sample testing
programs: CT, DE, MO, NH, NJ, ND, & OK
· 16 states directly allow for statistical sample testing programs, normally with pre-
approval by the commission: AR, FL, IL, IN, IA, KY, ME, MI, NM, NC, PA,
SC, TN, UT, WV, and WI
· 5 states prescribe no specific plan but require an in-service testing plan to be filed with
the commission: AK, AZ, MD, WA, & WY
· 15 jurisdictions have no specific in-service testing requirements. In-service testing plans
are simply incorporated into rate or tariff filings or otherwise filed with the 15
commission: CA, DC, GA, ID, KS, LA, MA, MN, MT, NE, NV, OH, SD, VT,
& VA
16. In-Service Testing Requirements -
Nationally
• Of states allowing for statistical sample testing:
- 8 specifically reference MIL-STD 414 or ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 as a suitable plan:
FL, IL, IN, MI, TN, WA, WV, & WI
- 8 specifically reference ANSI C12.1 or ASA C12 as the guidance for in-service testing plans:
AZ, AR, CT, IA, NM, OH, PA, & UT
- One state allows for statistical sample testing but only using ANSI/ASQC Z1.4: MD
- Of the remaining 26 jurisdictions, no specific guidance is given for the choice of statistical
sample testing plans:
AK, CA, DC, DE, GA, ID, KS, KY, LA, ME, MA, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NC,
ND, OK, SC, SD, VT, VA, & WY
16
17. Why Use a Statistical Testing Plan?
• Focuses testing on the proper meters.
• Minimizes number of meters to be tested;
usually requires less than 30% of what a
periodic testing plan requires.
• Provides data and analysis tools for use in
understanding what is happening with installed meters
or for use in the purchasing of new meters.
17
18. Homogeneous Population(s)
• The groups or populations being sampled and tested
are made up of the same or similar items, items
which operate in the same way and were made in the
same manner.
• For electric meters, this has traditionally been
interpreted as being meters of a specific meter
type from a manufacturer (i.e. AB1, J5S, MX, etc.).
• AMR & AMI programs have helped to make the
overall populations more homogenous. This makes a
utility with AMR & AMI meters better prepared to
take advantage of a statistical sampling plan.
18
19. Suitably Sized Samples
• The sample size for each group must be large enough
to provide a statistically valid sample or the group’s
population.
• The larger the group’s population, the greater the
savings for statistical testing over periodic
testing and the more statistically reliable the
testing.
• AMI implementation generally results in larger
group populations. The larger the population, the
more suitable for statistical testing. 19
20. Random Sample Selection
• Every item within the group or population has
an equal chance of being selected as part of the
sample for testing.
• Random sample selection is critical to providing
for a statistically valid sample.
20
21. Population Fits the Statistical Model
• The statistical model being used for the sampling/testing
plan needs to match the actual distribution of the
population.
• In most circumstances, one is looking at a normal or
Gaussian distribution (i.e. a Bell curve).
• This can be checked using a histogram plot and normality
test. For mechanical and electromechanical meters, a
normal distribution fits the actual data very well.
• For electronic or solid-state meters, the meters are highly
accurate and recent analysis shows that the test data may not
be normal.
21
22. Statistical Testing Plan w/ AMR & AMI
• By definition AMR & AMI meters no longer
have a pair of human eyes checking the installation
each month. Statistical testing allows the Utility to
quickly identify which areas may have a problem.
• Potential problems that could be caught by aggressive
testing.
– A faulty batch of meters
– Design or premature equipment failures
– Poor installation due to a poorly trained crew
– Location related failures
– Energy Diversion
22
23. Statistical Sampling and Revenue
Protection
One of the significant benefits to the statistical
sampling of AMR & AMI meters is the
potential to spot energy diversion more readily.
Statistical testing of meters will indicate the
overall health of the meter population.
Coupled with historical revenue information
and meter tamper flags statistical testing can
become a powerful tool for combating energy
diversion.
Utilities will be in a better position than ever to
spot trends toward energy diversion more
readily and on a closer to real time basis.
23
24. Statistical Testing with AMI
Statistical testing to monitor AMI programs will
also point out
• design or manufacturing deficiencies
• installation or post-installation problems (some
of which may or may not be energy diversion).
All should be pursued and the root cause
understood.
24
25. Why Do All of this Testing?
Installation of AMI programs move at seemingly breakneck
speeds with all focus on schedule. At the same time,
problems and exceptions seem to be pouring out of the
woodwork. Upper management wants to hear about project
milestones and budgets and not about the problems.
Especially not any publicly embarrassing problems
associated with an AMI installation.
25
26. Why Do All of this Testing?
• Statistical testing will allow you to more readily identify
where the problems are and where there were simply
anomalies.
• The testing will help differentiate between training and
equipment problems.
• The testing will also help to identify potential weak areas in
the system that may bear closer scrutiny as the system goes
into service
• Putting a good testing system into place during the
implementation will help to keep you on schedule, on budget,
and out of trouble during the installation and will ensure that
there will be a good system in place with the self discipline
and understanding to administer the system.
26
27. Summary
AMR & AMI provides the Utility with the opportunity to
get even more and better business information from their
installed meter base. Statistical Sampling of these in-
service meters can help to point up deficiencies in the
installed system during installation as well as shortly after
system implementation. The sampling can help to
identify potential energy diversion and can help catch
design inadequacies in the meters. Once a problem is
identified additional statistical testing can help to zero in
on a problem and help to identify potential solutions.
Statistically testing the installed meter population will
allow the utility to more fairly meter the entire population
without unfairly charging any one customer and without
unfairly subsidizing any group of customers.
Statistical sampling plans are also lower cost plans to use
than the traditional periodic plans.
27
28. Current ANSI C12.1 Section 5 Issues
• Acceptance testing of new meters is not mentioned.
• Statistical sampling plans are not adequately defined.
• Post deployment or performance monitoring of newly
certified meters not covered.
28
29. Updating ANSI C12.1 Section 5
• Consider new meters
• Consider AMI devices
• Consider new metering device acceptance testing
• Provide definition of Statistical Sampling plans
• Consider performance monitoring of newly certified
meters
29
30. Recommended Changes
New Meters & Metering Devices
• New meters are covered by sampling and
testing requirements.
• As-found, as-left, returned to service tests.
• Accuracy classes in C12.20
(0.2% and 0.5%) referenced.
30
31. Recommended Changes
Statistical Sampling Plans
• In-service statistical sampling plans should be
developed using:
– ANSI/ASQ Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables for
Inspection by Variables
– ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for
Inspection by Attributes
• Provides guidance on how to handle sample
failures.
• Similar to some State Commission
requirements.
31
32. Recommended Changes
New Metering Device Acceptance Testing
• Sampling and testing of new meter shipments
• Uses ANSI Z1.4 (attributes) or ANSI Z1.9
(Variables) for sample size and acceptance
criteria.
• Specifies an Acceptable Quality
Limit (AQL) of 1% or less.
32
33. Recommended Changes
Performance Monitoring of Newly Certified Meters
• Evaluate newly certified meters after
installation…. Different than in-service.
• Use statistical sampling plan.
33
34. Meter Testing Traceability
• Test equipment to NIST standards
• Tracking number of meters to be tested per
State Commission requirements
• Tracking meter test data
• Meter records
• Meter Data Management System (MDMS)
34
35. Test Equipment Calibration
Primary Requirement: Traceable to NIST
Standards
• Meter Test Boards, Field Test Kits calibrated to a
known master standard maintained at Meter Shop.
• Master standard calibrated by outside vendor
traceable to NIST or directly by NIST.
35
36. Tracking Meter Records
AMI programs help to update and overhaul
meter record systems. Having the records
for the entire meter population updated
allows for a better chance that test data is
available to answer questions and that any
meter may be selected as part of the sample
for testing.
36
37. Meter Test Data Tracking
• Need to track test data throughout meter life
– Certification testing, first article, acceptance testing, in-
service (field & shop), retirement
• Best time to start to develop the program is before the
meters are being installed.
• Use installation reports to determine if there is any
initial concerns about the meters being installed.
• Typical reports that should be available:
• Failed Meter Report, Project to Date
• Electric Meters on Network Report
37
38. Meter Test Data Tracking System
• System should track meter test results for ease of
future reference or for response to public or Utility
Commission inquiries.
• Maybe part of MDMS or separate system such as
ADM
• Requires discipline in collecting & entering data,
especially field tests.
38
39. Questions?
Please feel free to call or e-mail any questions
Tom Lawton
Tom.Lawton@TescoMeterManager.com 215-688-0298 (cell)
The Eastern Specialty Company 39
Editor's Notes
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