The document discusses how the body protects itself from microbial attacks. It explains that the body uses mucus, cilia, stomach acid, skin, tears, and white blood cells to prevent microbes from entering or destroy them if they do enter. White blood cells engulf bacteria while antibodies are specially designed proteins that attack specific microbes by fitting to their surface. The immune system makes different antibodies to neutralize different microbes.

1. Self - defence

2. objectives MUST – Know how the body stops microbes getting in and how it kills them once inside. SHOULD - Know the roles of mucus and ciliated cells. COULD - Know the role of white blood cells and antibodies.

3. Starter (LOOP GAME) Find the card that says BACTERIA at the top Read the question underneath Now find the card with the ANSWER at the top You should have the card that says.. VIRUS Now read the next question And find the ANSWER!!! Until you get back to BACTERIA using all the cards !!

4. ANSWERS BACTERIA, VIRUS, RESPIRATION, YEAST, AEROBIC, ALCOHOL, CHOLERA, SYMPTOMS, FUNGI, PENICILLIN, IMMUNE, VACCINE, BACTERIA…

5. on an outline body like this MARK at least 3 places WHERE microbes can ATTACK Now say what types of microbe and what they cause Fungi cause athletes foot Bacteria and viruses cause STI’s (sexually transmitted infections) Bacteria cause tooth decay, sore throats Viruses cause colds and flu Bacteria (tetanus) can infect cuts and cause lockjaw and muscle stiffness

6. How does the body PROTECT itself from microbes that attack? (in stomach) (in windpipe) (All over outside of body) (When you cut skin) (in blood) (in mouth) (in nose) (in eye)

7. How does the body PROTECT itself from microbes that attack? ACID kills germs in stomach CILIA ( tiny hairs) in windpipe sweep away dirt and dust SALIVA kills bacteria TEARS kill bacteria MUCUS in nose traps microbes SKIN stops microbes from entering SCABS form when you cut skin WHITE BLOOD CELLS in blood kill germs and make ANTIBODIES Make sure this information is copied onto your diagram

8. DRAW a ciliated cell See p.36 Write down how it is adapted to its function (job) Clue – what do the hairs do?

9. WHITE BLOOD CELLS These form part of your IMMUNE system to protect your body. There are 2 types of white blood cell: Those that ENGULF bacteria (basically EAT them) and Those that make ANTIBODIES

10. Antibodies These destroy microbes Each kind of antibody only works on one type of microbe.

11. How do you get all the different antibodies you need? Breast milk Vaccines / immunisation ( more about this later – see cartoon ) Natural (made when your immune system fights a disease)

12. microbe antibodies

13. Which shape antibody will neutralise the microbe ?

14. The antibodies are made SPECIALLY TO FIT onto the outside of the microbe Each type of microbe has a DIFFERENT SURFACE and so needs a different type of antibody

15. Microbe VERSION 2.0 antibodies

16. Microbe VERSION 2.0 antibodies THE BODY NEEDS TIME TO MAKE EACH PARTICULAR ANTIBODY – UNLESS YOU HAVE HAD THE DISEASE BEFORE OR THE VACCINE

17. Diagram of how antibodies work See p.36 Make sure it is labelled

18. Plenary Activity stomach HOW this happens WHERE this happens WHAT the body uses Cilia Destroys bacteria to prevent tooth decay saliva All over body Skin Attack and destroy invading microbes that could cause disease antibodies Stops bacteria infecting blood Mucus eyes Tears

19. Plenary Activity answers Kill germs in food Stomach acid HOW this happens WHERE this happens WHAT the body uses Remove dirt and dust Windpipe Cilia Destroys bacteria to prevent tooth decay Mouth saliva Barrier to infection All over body Skin Attack and destroy invading microbes that could cause disease In blood (white blood cells) antibodies Stops bacteria infecting blood Wherever the skin is cut Scabs Traps microbes Nose and windpipe Mucus Chemicals kill bacteria Eyes Tears

20. Summary The body tries to stop microbes getting in and tries to kill them once inside. Mucus and ciliated cells trap and get rid of dirt and dust. White blood cells and antibodies engulf and destroy bacteria.