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What Is Dna
DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is a long polymer made from four types of bases that form base pairs. DNA is found in the nuclei of cells as chromosomes made of tightly coiled DNA. Each DNA molecule has two strands that run in opposite directions and are coiled around each other to form a double helix structure. This structure allows DNA to easily copy itself for cell division.
Copy Of Blood Quiz
This document contains a 10 question quiz about blood and the circulatory system. It tests knowledge about the functions of platelets, plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and the heart. The questions cover topics like blood types, what parts of blood are used to treat different conditions, how long red blood cells last, and what carries oxygen in the blood. The majority of the questions are multiple choice with a single correct answer.
Recommended
What Is Dna
DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is a long polymer made from four types of bases that form base pairs. DNA is found in the nuclei of cells as chromosomes made of tightly coiled DNA. Each DNA molecule has two strands that run in opposite directions and are coiled around each other to form a double helix structure. This structure allows DNA to easily copy itself for cell division.
Copy Of Blood Quiz
This document contains a 10 question quiz about blood and the circulatory system. It tests knowledge about the functions of platelets, plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and the heart. The questions cover topics like blood types, what parts of blood are used to treat different conditions, how long red blood cells last, and what carries oxygen in the blood. The majority of the questions are multiple choice with a single correct answer.
Pawelphyschem
Physical evidence includes marks and impressions like footprints and tool marks, as well as trace evidence like fibers, glass, and paint. Analysis of these can provide clues about what happened during a crime. Footprints and toolmarks can be lifted like fingerprints for analysis. Fibers come in different types and shapes that can be identified. Different types of glass can be identified by their color, density, and refractive index. Blood spatter patterns depend on factors like size, direction, and force, and can reveal details about what took place. Chemical evidence includes substances like paint, drugs, and ink that can be analyzed to gain information about a crime. Chromatography and other techniques are used to identify chemicals and substances. Paint analysis examines color
microbes and disease
Microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause disease in humans. Important scientists like Ignaz Semmelweiss, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister helped discover that microbes were the cause of diseases and developed practices like hand washing and sterilization to prevent their spread. The human body also has natural defenses against microbes like skin, mucus, stomach acid, white blood cells, and the ability to develop antibodies from vaccines or previous exposures that provide protection.
Courseworkrequirements
The document provides guidelines for students completing a science coursework assignment on a topic related to science in the news. Students must research the topic in lesson time using supplied resources and are allowed to bring notes to the supervised writing session but not completed work. They have one hour to write a 800-word report answering the given question and must cite all sources used. Reports will be assessed on skills like selecting evidence, data analysis, and relating findings to social issues.
Breathing
The document provides information about breathing and respiration. It discusses the structure of the lungs including the trachea, bronchi, alveoli and diaphragm. It explains how breathing works through inhaling and exhaling, and how gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. Breathing and respiration are processes that involve changing lung size to move air in and out, releasing energy through cellular processes using oxygen and glucose.
L2 gas exchange
The document discusses gas exchange in the lungs. It explains that oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli. It also describes how the movement of the diaphragm causes inhalation and exhalation by changing the pressure and volume inside the chest cavity. Specifically, when the diaphragm moves down the chest cavity expands and pressure decreases, drawing air in, and when it moves up the chest cavity contracts and pressure increases, pushing air out.
Rate of decomposition
The document discusses rates of decomposition and composting. It explains that decomposition rates can be reduced by removing warmth, moisture or oxygen from the environment. The document also discusses the composting process, noting that compost heaps break down plant materials through decomposition, releasing nutrients into a form plants can absorb. Composting requires oxygen, warmth, and a mixture of wet and dry materials.
Investigating a crime scene
This document outlines the proper procedures for investigating a crime scene, including:
1) Initially assessing any hazards, determining if a crime occurred, and identifying victims and witnesses.
2) Securing the scene to prevent contamination by restricting access and using a single entrance.
3) Recording the scene through sketches, notes, photographs and video to preserve evidence.
4) Systematically searching and collecting evidence while wearing protective equipment.
Improving food production
1. The use of fertilizers and pesticides in farming and antibiotics for animals has increased food production but also has disadvantages like environmental damage and antibiotic resistance.
2. Microorganisms can be used to make foods like yogurt, cheese, bread, and alcohol by fermenting sugars and starches. Mycoprotein is a meat substitute made from fungi.
3. Various methods are used to prevent food spoilage by microbes including refrigeration, drying, pickling, freezing, pasteurization, irradiation, vacuum sealing, and canning.
Drug development
Drug development requires clinical trials to test new drugs for safety and effectiveness in treating diseases like bacterial infections. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through mutations occurring during reproduction, necessitating continuous development of new drugs. Later phase clinical trials increase participant numbers to further assess safety and efficacy in diverse populations before public use. Thorough testing helps prevent tragedies like thalidomide and Northwick Park hospital trials, where insufficient safety testing harmed volunteers. Placebo-controlled, double-blind trials and sourcing drugs from natural substances like plants aim to develop safe and effective new treatments through ethical clinical research.
Weight And Terminal Velocity
The document discusses weight, terminal velocity, and how drag affects an object's acceleration through a fluid. It defines weight as an object's mass multiplied by the local gravitational acceleration. Terminal velocity is reached when the downward force of gravity equals the upward force of drag, resulting in a constant velocity. The document explains that as an object's speed increases through a fluid, drag forces also increase, until terminal velocity is reached and acceleration stops.
Classification
Organisms are classified into groups using a binomial system with a genus and species name in Latin for consistency. This document discusses how the binomial system of classification works, with the genus name first and capitalized and the species name following, to categorize organisms into the five kingdoms of animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists. It prompts finding the Latin names of common organisms like cats and dogs on Wikipedia to illustrate patterns between closely related species names.
Self Defence2
The document discusses how the body protects itself from microbial attacks. It explains that the body uses mucus, cilia, stomach acid, skin, tears, and white blood cells to prevent microbes from entering or destroy them if they do enter. White blood cells engulf bacteria while antibodies are specially designed proteins that attack specific microbes by fitting to their surface. The immune system makes different antibodies to neutralize different microbes.
Welcome To The Science Department
The document welcomes students to the science department and provides an overview of the AS and A2 course structures for biology, chemistry, and physics. It notes that the courses follow OCR syllabi and that AS courses are 80% theory and 20% practical work, while A2 courses are 40% theory and 10% practical. It also shares that last year's pass rates for A2 were 100% for biology and chemistry, and 75% for physics, with all passes being grade C or higher. Destination information shows students went on to study medicine, chemical engineering, biochemistry, and biomedical sciences.
Control Of Heart Beat
The document summarizes the control of the heartbeat. The sinoatrial node (SAN) located in the right atrium acts as the pacemaker and initiates electrical signals that cause the atria to contract. The atrioventricular node (AVN) located between the atria and ventricles briefly delays the signal to allow the atria to empty before ventricular contraction. The purkinje fibers then transmit the signal to the ventricle walls to cause synchronized contraction from bottom to top, pumping blood out of the heart.
Energy Transfer In Reactions
The document discusses energy transfer in chemical reactions. It explains that exothermic reactions release energy, often as heat, while endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings. It also describes how reactions involve breaking bonds between atoms in reactants and forming new bonds between atoms in products. Breaking bonds requires energy and making bonds releases energy, so exothermic reactions release more energy in bond formation than is needed for bond breaking, while endothermic reactions require more energy for bond breaking than is released in bond formation.
Chromatography
This document discusses chromatography and poses questions about separating mixtures of colors. It asks what solvent and solute were used, what other solvents and solutes could be tested, how to fairly compare different inks and ensure an experiment is repeatable, and how the experiment could be improved. It also asks what would happen if waterproof ink was used and why some dye travels further than others.
Heat Transfer Quiz
The document is a heat transfer quiz containing 10 multiple choice questions about different heat transfer processes including conduction, convection, radiation, and properties of good conductors and radiators. Key terms covered include how radiation travels as waves, how silvering in a flask prevents heat loss by radiation, how black objects are good radiators while shiny objects are good reflectors, and examples of processes using different heat transfer methods like convection and conduction.
Satsrevision
The document contains a revision quiz on various topics related to biology and chemistry. It includes questions about plant and animal cell structure and function, food groups, digestion, respiration, circulation, reproduction, genetics, ecosystems and chemical reactions. The quiz contains over 100 multiple choice and short answer questions testing knowledge across many areas of science.
Millionaire Chemistry
This document appears to be a quiz containing chemistry and science-related multiple choice questions of varying difficulty levels ranging from £100 to £1,000,000. For each question, the player selects an answer option and is given feedback indicating if their answer is correct or incorrect. The questions cover topics like solubility, separation techniques, elements, compounds, combustion, acids/bases, rocks, chemical reactions, and more.
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Pawelphyschem
Physical evidence includes marks and impressions like footprints and tool marks, as well as trace evidence like fibers, glass, and paint. Analysis of these can provide clues about what happened during a crime. Footprints and toolmarks can be lifted like fingerprints for analysis. Fibers come in different types and shapes that can be identified. Different types of glass can be identified by their color, density, and refractive index. Blood spatter patterns depend on factors like size, direction, and force, and can reveal details about what took place. Chemical evidence includes substances like paint, drugs, and ink that can be analyzed to gain information about a crime. Chromatography and other techniques are used to identify chemicals and substances. Paint analysis examines color
microbes and disease
Microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause disease in humans. Important scientists like Ignaz Semmelweiss, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister helped discover that microbes were the cause of diseases and developed practices like hand washing and sterilization to prevent their spread. The human body also has natural defenses against microbes like skin, mucus, stomach acid, white blood cells, and the ability to develop antibodies from vaccines or previous exposures that provide protection.
Courseworkrequirements
The document provides guidelines for students completing a science coursework assignment on a topic related to science in the news. Students must research the topic in lesson time using supplied resources and are allowed to bring notes to the supervised writing session but not completed work. They have one hour to write a 800-word report answering the given question and must cite all sources used. Reports will be assessed on skills like selecting evidence, data analysis, and relating findings to social issues.
Breathing
The document provides information about breathing and respiration. It discusses the structure of the lungs including the trachea, bronchi, alveoli and diaphragm. It explains how breathing works through inhaling and exhaling, and how gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. Breathing and respiration are processes that involve changing lung size to move air in and out, releasing energy through cellular processes using oxygen and glucose.
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More from griggans
L2 gas exchange
The document discusses gas exchange in the lungs. It explains that oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli. It also describes how the movement of the diaphragm causes inhalation and exhalation by changing the pressure and volume inside the chest cavity. Specifically, when the diaphragm moves down the chest cavity expands and pressure decreases, drawing air in, and when it moves up the chest cavity contracts and pressure increases, pushing air out.
Rate of decomposition
The document discusses rates of decomposition and composting. It explains that decomposition rates can be reduced by removing warmth, moisture or oxygen from the environment. The document also discusses the composting process, noting that compost heaps break down plant materials through decomposition, releasing nutrients into a form plants can absorb. Composting requires oxygen, warmth, and a mixture of wet and dry materials.
Investigating a crime scene
This document outlines the proper procedures for investigating a crime scene, including:
1) Initially assessing any hazards, determining if a crime occurred, and identifying victims and witnesses.
2) Securing the scene to prevent contamination by restricting access and using a single entrance.
3) Recording the scene through sketches, notes, photographs and video to preserve evidence.
4) Systematically searching and collecting evidence while wearing protective equipment.
Improving food production
1. The use of fertilizers and pesticides in farming and antibiotics for animals has increased food production but also has disadvantages like environmental damage and antibiotic resistance.
2. Microorganisms can be used to make foods like yogurt, cheese, bread, and alcohol by fermenting sugars and starches. Mycoprotein is a meat substitute made from fungi.
3. Various methods are used to prevent food spoilage by microbes including refrigeration, drying, pickling, freezing, pasteurization, irradiation, vacuum sealing, and canning.
Drug development
Drug development requires clinical trials to test new drugs for safety and effectiveness in treating diseases like bacterial infections. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through mutations occurring during reproduction, necessitating continuous development of new drugs. Later phase clinical trials increase participant numbers to further assess safety and efficacy in diverse populations before public use. Thorough testing helps prevent tragedies like thalidomide and Northwick Park hospital trials, where insufficient safety testing harmed volunteers. Placebo-controlled, double-blind trials and sourcing drugs from natural substances like plants aim to develop safe and effective new treatments through ethical clinical research.
Weight And Terminal Velocity
The document discusses weight, terminal velocity, and how drag affects an object's acceleration through a fluid. It defines weight as an object's mass multiplied by the local gravitational acceleration. Terminal velocity is reached when the downward force of gravity equals the upward force of drag, resulting in a constant velocity. The document explains that as an object's speed increases through a fluid, drag forces also increase, until terminal velocity is reached and acceleration stops.
Classification
Organisms are classified into groups using a binomial system with a genus and species name in Latin for consistency. This document discusses how the binomial system of classification works, with the genus name first and capitalized and the species name following, to categorize organisms into the five kingdoms of animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists. It prompts finding the Latin names of common organisms like cats and dogs on Wikipedia to illustrate patterns between closely related species names.
Self Defence2
The document discusses how the body protects itself from microbial attacks. It explains that the body uses mucus, cilia, stomach acid, skin, tears, and white blood cells to prevent microbes from entering or destroy them if they do enter. White blood cells engulf bacteria while antibodies are specially designed proteins that attack specific microbes by fitting to their surface. The immune system makes different antibodies to neutralize different microbes.
Welcome To The Science Department
The document welcomes students to the science department and provides an overview of the AS and A2 course structures for biology, chemistry, and physics. It notes that the courses follow OCR syllabi and that AS courses are 80% theory and 20% practical work, while A2 courses are 40% theory and 10% practical. It also shares that last year's pass rates for A2 were 100% for biology and chemistry, and 75% for physics, with all passes being grade C or higher. Destination information shows students went on to study medicine, chemical engineering, biochemistry, and biomedical sciences.
Control Of Heart Beat
The document summarizes the control of the heartbeat. The sinoatrial node (SAN) located in the right atrium acts as the pacemaker and initiates electrical signals that cause the atria to contract. The atrioventricular node (AVN) located between the atria and ventricles briefly delays the signal to allow the atria to empty before ventricular contraction. The purkinje fibers then transmit the signal to the ventricle walls to cause synchronized contraction from bottom to top, pumping blood out of the heart.
Energy Transfer In Reactions
The document discusses energy transfer in chemical reactions. It explains that exothermic reactions release energy, often as heat, while endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings. It also describes how reactions involve breaking bonds between atoms in reactants and forming new bonds between atoms in products. Breaking bonds requires energy and making bonds releases energy, so exothermic reactions release more energy in bond formation than is needed for bond breaking, while endothermic reactions require more energy for bond breaking than is released in bond formation.
Chromatography
This document discusses chromatography and poses questions about separating mixtures of colors. It asks what solvent and solute were used, what other solvents and solutes could be tested, how to fairly compare different inks and ensure an experiment is repeatable, and how the experiment could be improved. It also asks what would happen if waterproof ink was used and why some dye travels further than others.
Heat Transfer Quiz
The document is a heat transfer quiz containing 10 multiple choice questions about different heat transfer processes including conduction, convection, radiation, and properties of good conductors and radiators. Key terms covered include how radiation travels as waves, how silvering in a flask prevents heat loss by radiation, how black objects are good radiators while shiny objects are good reflectors, and examples of processes using different heat transfer methods like convection and conduction.
Satsrevision
The document contains a revision quiz on various topics related to biology and chemistry. It includes questions about plant and animal cell structure and function, food groups, digestion, respiration, circulation, reproduction, genetics, ecosystems and chemical reactions. The quiz contains over 100 multiple choice and short answer questions testing knowledge across many areas of science.
Millionaire Chemistry
This document appears to be a quiz containing chemistry and science-related multiple choice questions of varying difficulty levels ranging from £100 to £1,000,000. For each question, the player selects an answer option and is given feedback indicating if their answer is correct or incorrect. The questions cover topics like solubility, separation techniques, elements, compounds, combustion, acids/bases, rocks, chemical reactions, and more.
Millionaire Soundcopy
The document appears to be a quiz about sound and hearing. It contains multiple choice questions about topics like which everyday sound is the loudest, parts of the ear, properties of sound waves, measuring sound, the speed of sound, and nerves involved in hearing. The questions range in difficulty and point values from 100 to 1,000,000 points. After each question the player's answer is checked and they receive feedback like "correct" or "incorrect" along with the right answer.
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This document lists several countries and asks the reader to identify which ones are democracies. It then reveals that India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Sweden, Italy, Australia, and the United States are democracies, while countries like China, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Thailand, and Saudi Arabia are not fully democratic. Many other nations are identified as only partially democratic.
Producing Electricity2
The document discusses how electricity is generated at power stations using non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, gas, and nuclear fuels. It describes the key parts of the generation process including the boiler, turbine, generator, and cooling tower. While non-renewables are relatively cheap and reliable, they will eventually run out and burning fossil fuels pollutes the atmosphere. Renewable sources like wind, tidal, wave, and hydroelectric are better long term but have high costs and disadvantages currently.
Products From Oil
This document describes how oil can be separated into different products through fractional distillation. Fractional distillation involves evaporating crude oil and condensing the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths at different temperatures, with lower boiling points condensing at the top and higher boiling points at the bottom. Important products obtained from oil include polymers, which are long chains of molecules that can be thermoplastic and change shape when heated, making them useful for certain jobs where durability is required.
Mixtures
This document describes different types of mixtures including solutions, suspensions, colloids, aerosols, foams, gels, emulsions, and composites. It defines a colloid as a mixture where one substance is mixed as fine drops or bubbles in another substance. An example of a composite given is reinforced concrete, which is a mixture of concrete and steel mesh that combines the properties of both materials.
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