1. Why do you think we still get ill?
Each type of microorganism has different shape
antigens
If your body has not seen the MO before it will not
recognise the antigens.
Your body cannot fight the infection until it makes
the right shape antibody.
J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
Tuberculosis Chlamydia Food Poisoning

2. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
Antigens on the
cell
surface, different
for each type of
MO
Microorganism
A microorganism gets into
the body

3. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
LymphocyteMicroorganism makes
Antibodies
White Blood Cells called
Lymphocytes produce
antibodies that will stick to
the antigens on the
microorgansim
But the body has not
encountered this type of
microorganism before so
there are no lymphocytes
that make the right shape
antibodies.
FAIL 

4. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
Microorganism
The microorganism is not
destroyed and starts to
reproduce.
As the number of
microorganisms increases
you start to show symptoms
of the disease

5. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
Microorganism
Eventually a lymphocyte
produces the right type of
antibody
Lymphocytemakes Antibodies
that fit the antigensSuccess 

6. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
Microorganism
The body makes copies of
the lymphocytes which
make the right type of
antibody
These also start to make
antibodies.
Antibodies bind to the
antigens on the
microorganism

7. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
The antibodies cause the
microorganisms to clump
together

8. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
Then the Phagocyte can
engulf the microorganisms
Phagocyte

9. J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk
The phagocyte digests the
microorganisms using
digestive enzymes
Phagocyte

10. After you recover from a disease some lymphocytes
that produce the right shape antibody remain in the
blood. We call these memory cells.
J . Groves 2010 www.elevate-education.co.uk