The document discusses various ways that plastic waste and pollution are harming the environment and provides alternatives to reduce plastic usage. It notes that each car contributes about 1 ton of CO2 per year and plastic bottles are tossed out at a rate of 2.5 million per hour. Plastic does not biodegrade and causes soil and water pollution. The document encourages reducing plastic use and provides alternatives like paper, cloth, and jute. It also stresses the importance of planting trees to reduce carbon dioxide and help address global warming.
Environment is one of the most serious concern for those nations that are suffering with the rapid increase of Pollution. Here is the speech on environmental affects and the precautions to Save Environment.
The document discusses the importance of forest regeneration and planting trees. It notes that humans have used natural resources extensively, leading to deforestation. Trees play a key role in moderating climate, improving air quality, and supporting wildlife. While some initiatives exist, more needs to be done to replant trees and restore forests to sustain the environment for future generations. The document encourages readers to consider planting trees to help regenerate forests and improve the world.
Recycling saves energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. If 1/3 of trash in landfills was recycled, it could save rainforests being cut down at a rate of 100 acres per minute and prevent garbage islands twice the size of Texas from forming in oceans. Recycling is easy through single stream programs that don't require sorting, so people must start recycling immediately to help sustain the planet.
This document discusses various types of pollution and ways to reduce them. It defines pollution as the introduction of contaminants into the environment that cause adverse changes. It then describes different types of pollution like air, land, light, noise, thermal, visual, and water pollution. For each type, it provides examples and explanations of how to reduce that specific pollution through individual and community efforts like using public transportation, properly disposing of waste, and choosing environmentally-friendly products. The conclusion emphasizes reducing driving, using eco-friendly alternatives, and recycling more to help prevent various forms of pollution.
Natural resources are things found in nature that people use, such as air, soil, water, rock, wind, sun, oil, gas, and wood products. These resources can be harnessed for solar, hydro, and wind power. To conserve natural resources, people can reduce their usage, reuse items multiple times, and recycle materials like plastic bottles and paper.
The document discusses ways to save the environment through reducing waste using the 3 R's - reduce, reuse, recycle. It provides tips for reducing packaging and waste, recycling common items like paper, plastic and glass, and reusing products through repair or sharing. Reducing water and energy usage through small changes at home is recommended, such as turning off taps when not in use, taking shorter showers, and only running full loads of laundry and dishes. Public awareness and proper disposal of waste can help curb plastic usage and damage to the environment. Restoring ecosystems, encouraging sustainable living, and establishing protected areas are also discussed as ways to help save rainforests and the planet.
This presentation focuses on how companies can benefit by utilizing the Clean Green certification in their businesses. The Clean Green certification helps companies better analyze how they are affecting the overall environment.
The document discusses various ways that plastic waste and pollution are harming the environment and provides alternatives to reduce plastic usage. It notes that each car contributes about 1 ton of CO2 per year and plastic bottles are tossed out at a rate of 2.5 million per hour. Plastic does not biodegrade and causes soil and water pollution. The document encourages reducing plastic use and provides alternatives like paper, cloth, and jute. It also stresses the importance of planting trees to reduce carbon dioxide and help address global warming.
Environment is one of the most serious concern for those nations that are suffering with the rapid increase of Pollution. Here is the speech on environmental affects and the precautions to Save Environment.
The document discusses the importance of forest regeneration and planting trees. It notes that humans have used natural resources extensively, leading to deforestation. Trees play a key role in moderating climate, improving air quality, and supporting wildlife. While some initiatives exist, more needs to be done to replant trees and restore forests to sustain the environment for future generations. The document encourages readers to consider planting trees to help regenerate forests and improve the world.
Recycling saves energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. If 1/3 of trash in landfills was recycled, it could save rainforests being cut down at a rate of 100 acres per minute and prevent garbage islands twice the size of Texas from forming in oceans. Recycling is easy through single stream programs that don't require sorting, so people must start recycling immediately to help sustain the planet.
This document discusses various types of pollution and ways to reduce them. It defines pollution as the introduction of contaminants into the environment that cause adverse changes. It then describes different types of pollution like air, land, light, noise, thermal, visual, and water pollution. For each type, it provides examples and explanations of how to reduce that specific pollution through individual and community efforts like using public transportation, properly disposing of waste, and choosing environmentally-friendly products. The conclusion emphasizes reducing driving, using eco-friendly alternatives, and recycling more to help prevent various forms of pollution.
Natural resources are things found in nature that people use, such as air, soil, water, rock, wind, sun, oil, gas, and wood products. These resources can be harnessed for solar, hydro, and wind power. To conserve natural resources, people can reduce their usage, reuse items multiple times, and recycle materials like plastic bottles and paper.
The document discusses ways to save the environment through reducing waste using the 3 R's - reduce, reuse, recycle. It provides tips for reducing packaging and waste, recycling common items like paper, plastic and glass, and reusing products through repair or sharing. Reducing water and energy usage through small changes at home is recommended, such as turning off taps when not in use, taking shorter showers, and only running full loads of laundry and dishes. Public awareness and proper disposal of waste can help curb plastic usage and damage to the environment. Restoring ecosystems, encouraging sustainable living, and establishing protected areas are also discussed as ways to help save rainforests and the planet.
This presentation focuses on how companies can benefit by utilizing the Clean Green certification in their businesses. The Clean Green certification helps companies better analyze how they are affecting the overall environment.
The students created poems and songs in English that promote ecology and environmental protection. The works encourage stopping pollution, caring for the planet, saving forests and water, and taking care of the natural environment by not wasting paper, caring for water, and feeling the change to start segregating waste. Ecology is described as the science of caring for and respecting our environment, including animals, forests, rivers, people and birds.
Deforestation has resulted in the clearing of six out of ten of Earth's original forests. It occurs for various reasons such as obtaining fuel, timber, and cleared land for agriculture. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has led to biodiversity loss, soil erosion, degraded wastelands, and the release of stored carbon into the atmosphere exacerbating climate change. Reforestation efforts need to focus on replenishing lost nutrients in soil in order to restore ecosystems and sustainability.
We can save the environment by planting more trees, doing less deforestation, and reducing the population. Reducing deforestation and population growth will help conserve natural resources like forests and water. Planting trees also aids the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.
Each person uses the equivalent of one 100-foot Douglas fir tree annually for paper products. Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 trees, 7,000 gallons of water, landfill space, 2 barrels of oil, and enough energy to power the average Indian home for 9 months; it also generates 74% less air pollution and uses 50% less water than producing paper from raw materials.
Saving our mountains, valleys and oceans from wasteShane Woolum
This document discusses the importance of recycling and provides tips for how to recycle. It notes that Americans generated 251 million tons of trash in 2006, with a per capita disposal rate of 4.6 pounds per person daily. The top 10 most commonly recyclable items are listed. Recycling these items can reduce up to 90% of waste going to landfills. The document also lists 10 reasons why recycling is beneficial, such as helping the economy, creating jobs, reducing waste and pollution, and preserving landfill space. It encourages readers to start recycling to help reduce waste.
Our environment is everything around us, including living things like people and animals, and non-living things like buildings, land, water, and air. We get important needs like oxygen, water, food, and shelter from our environment. However, we often pollute our environment through actions like throwing trash, burning garbage, and emissions from vehicles and factories. This pollution harms both humans and other living things. We should work to reduce pollution and keep our environment clean by actions like planting trees, properly disposing of waste, and using less polluting forms of transportation. Protecting our environment benefits all living things.
The Contribution of Trees to Livelihoods: A Panel Analysis of Living Standard...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document summarizes research analyzing the contribution of trees to livelihoods in Tanzania using panel data from Living Standards Measurement Surveys. The research aims to quantify the impact of trees on agricultural productivity and incomes. Fixed effects regressions and propensity score matching techniques are used to control for endogeneity and identify causal effects. Preliminary results suggest large gains in agricultural production and value are possible from increasing the number of trees on plots, though more research is needed to better understand impacts by crop, tree type, and region.
1) The document discusses the need for more and better data on agricultural greenhouse gas fluxes in Africa to support low-emissions development, global negotiations, and climate finance.
2) It describes challenges measuring nitrous oxide emissions from increasing fertilizer use in Africa and impact assessment tools like GHG calculators that have limitations.
3) The CCAFS SAMPLES program aims to enable robust MRV, inventories, and policy through integrated assessment of farming systems, guidelines, capacity building, and consistent data collection to support mitigation opportunities and solutions.
This document outlines the agenda and objectives for a meeting discussing sustainable tree-based energy solutions in sub-Saharan Africa. The meeting will bring together representatives from NGOs, government, private sector, and academia to identify opportunities for transitioning to modern energy like biofuels and biomass electricity generation. Through group discussions and recommendations, the goal is to develop an action plan to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 of ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
This document discusses sustainable agriculture and its relevance for climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It outlines the role of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) in following up and reviewing the post-2015 development agenda. The CFS can facilitate assessments and discussions around progress, experiences, and how to achieve food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture targets. The SDGs integrate issues related to ending hunger, health, gender, water, energy, economic growth, cities, consumption, climate change, and ecosystems. The UN Secretary-General's report indicates that agroecology, organic agriculture, efficient storage, pest management, landscape management, and agroforestry can help achieve many of the SDG targets
Presentation by Winnie Asiti (African Centre for Technology Studies) at a side event on ecosystem-based adaptation hosted by the World Agroforestry Centre at the UNFCCC Paris COP21.
This document summarizes the preliminary results of a social survey conducted in 6 clusters across Isiolo and Wajir counties in Kenya regarding the proposed Merti Wajir Water Pipeline project. Data was collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and expert interviews. The results show varying levels of awareness, support and opposition across communities. While most of Wajir supports the project, some communities in Isiolo oppose it due to concerns about sustainability and potential impacts on local water sources. Many others are unaware or unsure about the project due to lack of information. Overcoming communication barriers and building consensus with local leaders is key to addressing doubts and gaining support.
1) Ecological rainfall infrastructure involves investing in trees for sustainable development. Trees help store water by changing soils to be more effective buffers.
2) Trees consume water through evapotranspiration which leads to air cooling. They also help recycle water and store it in soils. This makes streamflow from forests more gradual.
3) Rainfall over land comes from oceans (60%) and vegetation (40%) on land. Trees use 100-200 mm more water per year than short vegetation through evapotranspiration, which has a cooling effect and puts more water in the atmosphere.
The document discusses how agroforestry relates to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides a diagram showing the connections between agroforestry and several SDGs, including those related to ending poverty and hunger, economic growth, health, climate change, biodiversity, and reducing inequality. The diagram emphasizes that achieving the SDGs will require integrating global change processes with local learning and negotiating options in context.
Tutorial for the www.vegetationmap4africa.org that shows how to show the distribution of 'useful tree species' for any place within 8 countries in Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia).
This study analyzed the nutrient compositions of Son tra (Docynia indica) fruits collected from 3 provinces in Vietnam. Key findings include:
- Son tra samples from Dien Bien province had significantly higher average fresh fruit weights than the other 2 provinces.
- Phytochemical analysis identified several groups including flavonoids, tannins, and organic acids in the fruits. Total polyphenol content was determined.
- The fruits contained various macro/micronutrients like protein, fat, vitamins, minerals. Dien Bien samples tended to have higher nutrient levels.
- Dried son tra fruits retained most nutrients but with some reductions in vitamin C and B levels compared to fresh fruits.
This document discusses Africa's opportunities for low-carbon, climate-resilient development in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. It notes that AFOLU is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions and provides livelihoods for many in Africa. While AFOLU emissions have increased in recent decades, the sector also offers significant mitigation potential through practices like improved forest and land management, sustainable agriculture, and bioenergy. Realizing this potential faces challenges around food security, access to finance and technology, and managing risks and trade-offs. Robust measurement, reporting and verification systems will also be needed to account for emissions across forests and non-forest lands.
1) Regenerative agricultural practices like organic farming, agroecology, and agroforestry can draw CO2 out of the atmosphere and store it in soil, providing a natural solution to climate change.
2) Studies show these practices can sequester enough carbon within a decade to reverse current CO2 levels and limit global temperature rise to within 2 degrees Celsius.
3) Organic systems are more resilient during droughts and other weather extremes, maintaining or increasing yields where conventional agriculture suffers, demonstrating an ability to adapt to climate change impacts.
This document summarizes Ethiopia's midterm review of key targets in its revised National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). It outlines progress made between 2011-2014 in areas like expanding protected areas, controlling invasive species, rehabilitation/restoration, sustainable biodiversity management, awareness raising, ex situ and in situ conservation, access and benefit sharing, and mainstreaming biodiversity into various sectors. It also notes opportunities like aligning with the next Growth and Transformation Plan, and challenges around financial and capacity limitations.
The students created poems and songs in English that promote ecology and environmental protection. The works encourage stopping pollution, caring for the planet, saving forests and water, and taking care of the natural environment by not wasting paper, caring for water, and feeling the change to start segregating waste. Ecology is described as the science of caring for and respecting our environment, including animals, forests, rivers, people and birds.
Deforestation has resulted in the clearing of six out of ten of Earth's original forests. It occurs for various reasons such as obtaining fuel, timber, and cleared land for agriculture. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has led to biodiversity loss, soil erosion, degraded wastelands, and the release of stored carbon into the atmosphere exacerbating climate change. Reforestation efforts need to focus on replenishing lost nutrients in soil in order to restore ecosystems and sustainability.
We can save the environment by planting more trees, doing less deforestation, and reducing the population. Reducing deforestation and population growth will help conserve natural resources like forests and water. Planting trees also aids the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.
Each person uses the equivalent of one 100-foot Douglas fir tree annually for paper products. Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 trees, 7,000 gallons of water, landfill space, 2 barrels of oil, and enough energy to power the average Indian home for 9 months; it also generates 74% less air pollution and uses 50% less water than producing paper from raw materials.
Saving our mountains, valleys and oceans from wasteShane Woolum
This document discusses the importance of recycling and provides tips for how to recycle. It notes that Americans generated 251 million tons of trash in 2006, with a per capita disposal rate of 4.6 pounds per person daily. The top 10 most commonly recyclable items are listed. Recycling these items can reduce up to 90% of waste going to landfills. The document also lists 10 reasons why recycling is beneficial, such as helping the economy, creating jobs, reducing waste and pollution, and preserving landfill space. It encourages readers to start recycling to help reduce waste.
Our environment is everything around us, including living things like people and animals, and non-living things like buildings, land, water, and air. We get important needs like oxygen, water, food, and shelter from our environment. However, we often pollute our environment through actions like throwing trash, burning garbage, and emissions from vehicles and factories. This pollution harms both humans and other living things. We should work to reduce pollution and keep our environment clean by actions like planting trees, properly disposing of waste, and using less polluting forms of transportation. Protecting our environment benefits all living things.
The Contribution of Trees to Livelihoods: A Panel Analysis of Living Standard...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document summarizes research analyzing the contribution of trees to livelihoods in Tanzania using panel data from Living Standards Measurement Surveys. The research aims to quantify the impact of trees on agricultural productivity and incomes. Fixed effects regressions and propensity score matching techniques are used to control for endogeneity and identify causal effects. Preliminary results suggest large gains in agricultural production and value are possible from increasing the number of trees on plots, though more research is needed to better understand impacts by crop, tree type, and region.
1) The document discusses the need for more and better data on agricultural greenhouse gas fluxes in Africa to support low-emissions development, global negotiations, and climate finance.
2) It describes challenges measuring nitrous oxide emissions from increasing fertilizer use in Africa and impact assessment tools like GHG calculators that have limitations.
3) The CCAFS SAMPLES program aims to enable robust MRV, inventories, and policy through integrated assessment of farming systems, guidelines, capacity building, and consistent data collection to support mitigation opportunities and solutions.
This document outlines the agenda and objectives for a meeting discussing sustainable tree-based energy solutions in sub-Saharan Africa. The meeting will bring together representatives from NGOs, government, private sector, and academia to identify opportunities for transitioning to modern energy like biofuels and biomass electricity generation. Through group discussions and recommendations, the goal is to develop an action plan to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 of ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
This document discusses sustainable agriculture and its relevance for climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It outlines the role of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) in following up and reviewing the post-2015 development agenda. The CFS can facilitate assessments and discussions around progress, experiences, and how to achieve food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture targets. The SDGs integrate issues related to ending hunger, health, gender, water, energy, economic growth, cities, consumption, climate change, and ecosystems. The UN Secretary-General's report indicates that agroecology, organic agriculture, efficient storage, pest management, landscape management, and agroforestry can help achieve many of the SDG targets
Presentation by Winnie Asiti (African Centre for Technology Studies) at a side event on ecosystem-based adaptation hosted by the World Agroforestry Centre at the UNFCCC Paris COP21.
This document summarizes the preliminary results of a social survey conducted in 6 clusters across Isiolo and Wajir counties in Kenya regarding the proposed Merti Wajir Water Pipeline project. Data was collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and expert interviews. The results show varying levels of awareness, support and opposition across communities. While most of Wajir supports the project, some communities in Isiolo oppose it due to concerns about sustainability and potential impacts on local water sources. Many others are unaware or unsure about the project due to lack of information. Overcoming communication barriers and building consensus with local leaders is key to addressing doubts and gaining support.
1) Ecological rainfall infrastructure involves investing in trees for sustainable development. Trees help store water by changing soils to be more effective buffers.
2) Trees consume water through evapotranspiration which leads to air cooling. They also help recycle water and store it in soils. This makes streamflow from forests more gradual.
3) Rainfall over land comes from oceans (60%) and vegetation (40%) on land. Trees use 100-200 mm more water per year than short vegetation through evapotranspiration, which has a cooling effect and puts more water in the atmosphere.
The document discusses how agroforestry relates to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides a diagram showing the connections between agroforestry and several SDGs, including those related to ending poverty and hunger, economic growth, health, climate change, biodiversity, and reducing inequality. The diagram emphasizes that achieving the SDGs will require integrating global change processes with local learning and negotiating options in context.
Tutorial for the www.vegetationmap4africa.org that shows how to show the distribution of 'useful tree species' for any place within 8 countries in Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia).
This study analyzed the nutrient compositions of Son tra (Docynia indica) fruits collected from 3 provinces in Vietnam. Key findings include:
- Son tra samples from Dien Bien province had significantly higher average fresh fruit weights than the other 2 provinces.
- Phytochemical analysis identified several groups including flavonoids, tannins, and organic acids in the fruits. Total polyphenol content was determined.
- The fruits contained various macro/micronutrients like protein, fat, vitamins, minerals. Dien Bien samples tended to have higher nutrient levels.
- Dried son tra fruits retained most nutrients but with some reductions in vitamin C and B levels compared to fresh fruits.
This document discusses Africa's opportunities for low-carbon, climate-resilient development in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. It notes that AFOLU is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions and provides livelihoods for many in Africa. While AFOLU emissions have increased in recent decades, the sector also offers significant mitigation potential through practices like improved forest and land management, sustainable agriculture, and bioenergy. Realizing this potential faces challenges around food security, access to finance and technology, and managing risks and trade-offs. Robust measurement, reporting and verification systems will also be needed to account for emissions across forests and non-forest lands.
1) Regenerative agricultural practices like organic farming, agroecology, and agroforestry can draw CO2 out of the atmosphere and store it in soil, providing a natural solution to climate change.
2) Studies show these practices can sequester enough carbon within a decade to reverse current CO2 levels and limit global temperature rise to within 2 degrees Celsius.
3) Organic systems are more resilient during droughts and other weather extremes, maintaining or increasing yields where conventional agriculture suffers, demonstrating an ability to adapt to climate change impacts.
This document summarizes Ethiopia's midterm review of key targets in its revised National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). It outlines progress made between 2011-2014 in areas like expanding protected areas, controlling invasive species, rehabilitation/restoration, sustainable biodiversity management, awareness raising, ex situ and in situ conservation, access and benefit sharing, and mainstreaming biodiversity into various sectors. It also notes opportunities like aligning with the next Growth and Transformation Plan, and challenges around financial and capacity limitations.
Effects of climate change and deforestation on potential of carbon sequestrat...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Presentation by Mulugeta Mokria, Dr Aster Gebrekirstos, Dr Ermias Aynekakulu and Prof Dr Achim Brauning based on a study to investigate the current extent of forest degradation due to climate change in Ethiopia. The study also quantified the effects of tree dieback on aboveground carbon stock and the carbon sequestration potential. \
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
This document discusses measuring biodiversity on farmland. It notes that 60% of ecosystem services have been impaired and over 20% of global agricultural land is degraded. Assessing farmland biodiversity is challenging due to high spatial variability. Protocols for landscape-scale assessment include measuring land cover, trees, birds, and modeling remote sensing data with ground calibration. Optional protocols examine linear tree features, pollinators, natural enemies, and soil organisms. A farmland biodiversity score is proposed that weighs biomass, spectral diversity, neighborhood effects, and slope/proximity to water.
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses funding gaps and principles for successful financing of nature-based solutions (NBS) such as land restoration projects in Africa. It notes that while the Bonn Challenge and New York declaration on Forests call for $350 billion and $830 billion respectively for restoration, actual funding leaves large gaps. It advocates for bridging these gaps through public-private partnerships and prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term profits. Six principles are outlined for financing NBS, including ensuring social and environmental safeguards, monitoring impacts, and directing funds toward low-carbon development in developing countries. The Regreening Africa program addresses livelihoods, biodiversity and climate change through land restoration projects across eight African nations.
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.
This document discusses the vulnerability of forest-dependent people and forests to climate change. It notes that over 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods, while 1 billion hectares of land are under agroforestry worldwide. Climate change poses direct risks like increased temperatures and wildfires, and indirect risks through impacts on species and ecosystems. Potential transition issues from policies like REDD+ could negatively impact land and tree rights of indigenous groups. The document argues that comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand all vulnerabilities, include stakeholders, and identify good practices to address risks to forests and forest-dependent communities from climate change.
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Species distribution modelling is being used to map the habitats of over 150 priority African plant species. More advanced modelling methods are being used to reduce bias, including spatial folding and thinning. Presence observations from across Africa are being used to calibrate provisional distribution models for individual species in countries like Ethiopia. The results will then be verified by botanists and combined with vegetation mapping data.
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable cocoa production in Ghana by 2020. It identifies several challenges in the cocoa sector including low productivity, rural poverty, and deforestation. It analyzes different stakeholder approaches and finds they mainly focus on increased productivity, while social and environmental issues are addressed less. Inclusive business models include many smallholder farmers but benefits are not always equitable. Responsible finance from impact investors and social lenders has potential to leverage more equitable models and landscape restoration, but investments have not been well adapted for cocoa sectors. A "multi-chain approach" is proposed to better leverage finance through a portfolio of value chains at the landscape level.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
The document discusses several projects aimed at improving agricultural outcomes through agroforestry. It describes a project in Uganda that introduced fodder shrubs to improve milk yields, which increased yields significantly. It is now scaling this approach in Kenya and Malawi through farmer cooperatives. Another project aims to better understand farmers' livelihood aspirations to customize technologies to their goals. A final project focuses on improving diets and health through diversifying crops and developing new food value chains. The document emphasizes the need for meaningful diagnosis, strong intervention design, credible evidence gathering, and efficient delivery to accelerate research impact on poverty, food insecurity, and environmental issues.
1) The document discusses watershed development projects in India, focusing on the state of Uttar Pradesh. It outlines the history and increasing scale of watershed programs in India over time from the 1960s to present.
2) Key data presented includes groundwater usage increasing dramatically from 25 km3 in 1960 to 250-300 km3 in 2009, and the number of bore wells increasing from 1 million to 20 million over the same period. Watershed programs have led to increased benefit-cost ratios, rates of return, and agricultural incomes.
3) The document then focuses on the Doubling Farmers' Income project targeting watershed interventions across several districts in Bundelkhand region of UP. It outlines strategies
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document summarizes natural resource management innovations in semi-arid East African highlands. It discusses (1) managing extreme events like drought and flood to ensure sustainable ecosystem services and support livelihoods, (2) increasing and sustaining agricultural productivity through investments in NRM, and (3) two examples of NRM innovations - community-based watershed management in Ethiopia and using water spreading weirs to build resilience to climate risks in Ethiopia through a partnership between GIZ, ICRISAT, and local universities. The document also discusses the impacts of these innovations, including increased food security, higher crop yields, and institutional impacts like the site becoming a learning center that influenced regional soil and water conservation policies.
This document discusses land restoration efforts in Niger. It describes the land degradation issues facing the West Africa Sahel region due to fragile ecosystems and unsustainable agricultural practices. Various integrated land management techniques are being implemented and tested, including Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), cereal/legume intercropping, microdosing of fertilizers, and restoring degraded lands. These techniques are improving soil fertility and crop yields when combined. The document outlines several partnerships working to scale these efforts across Niger, including restoring over 175 hectares of degraded land managed by 11,970 women generating more income. There is growing demand from farmers and partners to expand training and testing of integrated packages to improve livelihoods and food security.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Statewise Ramsar sites in India By B.pptxB. BHASKAR
Ramsar convention on wetlands and it's importance for conservation of diversity rich ecologically important wetlands of the member countries around the world.
Special focus on state wise Ramsar sites and wetlands of international importance in the India