This document describes a project to securely operate a distribution feeder and provide safety to linemen through a password-protected circuit breaker. The main objectives are to reduce electrical accidents during line maintenance and provide safety to linemen. The system uses a microcontroller and keypad to control relays that can turn loads on and off based on the entered password. It then details the hardware components including the microcontroller, relays, LCD display, keypad, and crystal oscillator. It provides an overview of each component and how they are used in the system to remotely control the circuit breaker via password and provide live-line maintenance safety.

1. Secure Feeder Operation in Radial
Distribution System
Guided by
Mr. Lokesh kumar yadav

2. Objective
• The main objective of this project is secure
operation of distribution feeder as well as
provide safety to electrical lineman with the
help of password based circuit breaker.

3. Overview
• Nowadays, it is observed that fatal electrical accidents to the
lineman are increasing during the electric line repairing due to
lack of communication and co-ordination between the
maintenance staff and the electric sub-station staff.
• This project is designed to control the fatal elecrical accidents
and provides safety to the lineman during maintenance with
the help of password based circuit breaker.
• This system is fully controlled by microcontroller and matrix
keypad for entering password.

4. Block Diagram
Power
supply
Keypad
MICROCONTROLLER
89S52
LCD 16x2
Relay 1
Relay 2
Relay 3
Relay 4
Load 1
Load 2
Load 3
Load 4

5. Hardware Components
1. Microcontroller 89S52
2. Relay (4)
3. LCD 16x2
4. Keypad 4x4
5. PCB Board
6. Connecting Wires
7. Crystal Oscillator

6. Microcontroller 89S52
• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit. A microcontroller contains one or more
CPUs along with memory and programmable input/output
peripherals.
• Microcontroller are used in automatically controlled
devices, such as automobile engine control system,
remote control,toys and other embedded systems.
• In this project 8bit microcontroller is used(AT89S52).

7. • The AT89S52 comes from the popular 8051 family of
Atmel Microcontrollers. It is an 8-bit CMOS microcontroller
with 8K as Flash memory and 256 bytes of RAM. Since it
is similar to the trust worthy 8051 architecture, these
microcontrollers are as per industry standard. It has 32
I/O pins comprising of three 16-bit timers, external
interrupts, full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and
clock circuitry.

8. Pins to be used
1 to 8:- Keypad
18 to 19:- Crystal oscillator 11.059MHz
21 to 24:- Relays
32 to 35:- LCD

9. Relay
• Relays are electrically operated
switches that open and close the
circuits by receiving electrical signals
from outside sources.
• Here we are using four channel relay
module each of 5V.
• An electrical signal is receiving from
microcontroller that is ON/OFF signal
for circuit.
• After receiving the signal, relays are
operating according to the given
command.

10. LCD 16x2
• A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16
characters per line and there are 2 such
lines.
• In this LCD each character is displayed in
5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2 intelligent
alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable
of displaying 224 different characters and
symbols. This LCD has two registers,
namely, Command and Data
• Here LCD is used to display the password
entered by us to ON/OFF the circuit
breaker.

11. Matrix Keypad
• Keypad is used as an input device to read
the key pressed by the user and to
process it.
• A 4x4 keypad has a total of 8 connections,
where 4 of them are connected to the
column and the remaining rows of the
matrix of switches.
• Here we are using 4x4 keypad to enter the
password.

12. Crystal Oscillator
• Crystal oscillator are used
mainly in digital integrated
circuit for providing a stable
clock signal and in specific
applications which require
high frequency reference.
• This is a low cost crystal
oscillator with oscillation
frequency of 11.0592MHz
crystal is normally required to
provide clock pulses to your
microcontroller.

13. THANK YOU