Section 2-4, Enzymes
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The document discusses key concepts in energy, thermodynamics, chemical reactions, and enzymes. It defines energy as the capacity to perform work, outlines the first law of thermodynamics as the conservation of matter and the second law as energy conversions increasing disorder. It also explains that endergonic reactions require a net input of energy while exergonic reactions release energy, and that enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
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Central dogma
The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Originally, it was thought to be a simple linear process from DNA to mRNA to protein. However, it is now understood that there can be reverse transcription from RNA back to DNA, and proteins can influence other proteins through prion diseases. The genetic code is translated from RNA nucleotides in groups of three codons to specify the 20 amino acids used to build proteins.
Crayfish lab set up
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans related to lobsters that are characterized by a joined head and thorax and segmented body. They typically grow to about 3 inches long and are found worldwide, especially in the US. The lab is set up to measure the oxygen consumption (metabolism) of crayfish using a dissolved oxygen meter in an experimental chamber maintained at a constant temperature by a hot water bath. Large and small crayfish are kept in separate containers to compare their oxygen usage.
Plant pigments and photosynthesis
This lab involves two exercises. Exercise 1 involves separating plant pigments like carotene, xanthophyll, and chlorophyll a and b using paper chromatography and calculating their Rf values. Exercise 2 measures the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts under different light conditions (intensity and wavelength) and temperatures (boiled vs unboiled chloroplasts) using the dye-reduction of DPIP, which changes color from blue to colorless when reduced during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Students will take absorbance readings at various time points to examine how the rate changes under different experimental conditions.
Flower fruit seed lab domb reworked 10.12
The document discusses plant reproduction and strategies for seed dispersal. It explains that flowers evolved to facilitate sexual reproduction in plants and allow plants to pass their genes to offspring. Various dispersal mechanisms are described, including wind dispersal for seeds with wings or plumes, water dispersal for buoyant seeds, and animal dispersal for seeds contained in fleshy fruits or attached to hooks/barbs. The mistletoe plant is highlighted as having evolved a mutualistic relationship with mistletoebirds, which eat the fruit but disperse intact seeds in their droppings, aiding the plant's dispersal.
Osmosis and diffusion post lab questions
This document contains a lab assignment on osmosis and diffusion involving potatoes placed in different sucrose solutions. The assignment asks students to create graphs of their results, compare their data to the class data, discuss potential sources of error, propose improvements to the experiment, explain how the graphs show which solutions were hypotonic and hypertonic, and predict the concentration of an isotonic sucrose solution. It provides rubrics for scoring each question.
Diffusion and osmosis student handout
1. Diffusion and osmosis are processes by which molecules and water move across selectively permeable membranes from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Diffusion is the random movement of all molecules, while osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water through a membrane.
2. Experiments were conducted using potato cores and onion cells to observe the effects of osmosis when placed in solutions of varying sucrose concentration. As sucrose concentration increased outside the cells, water would move out of the cells by osmosis. This loss of water caused the cells to lose turgor pressure and shrink or plasmolyze.
3. By calculating the water potential of the solutions using the formula Ψ = Ψ
Beta gal lab writeup
This document contains post-lab analysis questions for students to answer about 3 enzyme activity experiments measuring the effect of substrate concentration and temperature on enzyme activity. Students are asked to plot and analyze the data, comment on accuracy and precision, and predict and explain the shape of graphs for different experimental conditions. They are also asked questions about how the body regulates the enzyme amylase and digests starch.
A critical thinking framework for understanding excellence in biological thin...
This document discusses the importance of critical thinking in scientific understanding. It argues that our natural thought processes are biased and we must learn to think scientifically. Some key points made:
- Our thoughts are often biased by preconceptions, so science aims to minimize bias through critical methods.
- A critical approach to science focuses on understanding reasons and thinking through ideas, not just memorizing facts.
- Students must confront and modify their own preconceptions to truly understand scientific concepts.
- Scientific thinking involves continually questioning observations and testing hypotheses through experimentation, rather than following a set series of steps. Developing a scientific habit of mind is more important than finding the right answer.
- To begin thinking
Honors Biology Pre-Assessment for Modules 1 and 2
Evolution can explain both the unity and diversity of life through common descent from a shared ancestor. DNA and cellular structures provide evidence that all organisms share a common ancestor through natural selection. An example of natural selection is when organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, while energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
What lives where and why preassessment
This document appears to be a pre-assessment worksheet for students. It provides background that the class will be studying a pond to understand what lives there and why. It asks students to imagine they are tasked with observing and collecting data about the pond to report back to the class. The worksheet contains 5 questions for students to answer in complete sentences about their imagined observations of the pond, including how long they observed it, what they saw/heard, if they took any measurements and with what tools, and what living things they saw.
Grade profiles
The document describes the grading system and what each letter grade represents in terms of student understanding and skills. An F represents a failure to understand biological thinking and complete required work. A D demonstrates a minimal level of understanding. A C shows inconsistent skills and understanding. A B shows more strengths than weaknesses with good reasoning skills. An A demonstrates excellence with no major weaknesses. The grading is based on tests, exams, assignments, labs, quizzes, and class participation and discussion. Effort does not directly affect the grade, but influences performance.
Intro to cellular respiration
To ease into cellular respiration student played a trivia game to introduce them to some of the key players in cellular respiration.
Potato catalase pictures
This document discusses a potato catalase experiment where potato mash was prepared and heated to different temperatures, with results from the experiment to be shown. Potato mash was prepared and some was heated while other samples were kept at room temperature or cold, to test the effect of temperature on catalase enzyme activity.
The Parts of a Lab Report
This is the outline for what a lab report should contain. Refer to your rubric for what you need to turn in.
Strawberry DNA lab report
This document provides guidelines for writing a lab report on a strawberry DNA extraction experiment. The lab report should include sections for the scientific title, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion, conclusion, and bibliography. The introduction should describe where DNA is found in cells and the structure and function of DNA, as well as state the experiment's hypothesis. The methods section should explain the procedure in paragraph form and can use numbered steps only for variations. The results section should report averages briefly without raw data. The discussion should analyze patterns, unexpected findings, sources of error, and how to redesign or improve the experiment. The conclusion should restate the hypothesis and whether it was supported. At least one source beyond class notes is needed
Making an xy scatter plot
To create a scatter plot in Excel, select the data and choose "Insert" then "Chart" and select the scatter plot type. Next, label the axes and chart title using formatting options. Finally, copy and paste the completed scatter plot into a lab report along with a brief description of what is displayed.
More from ilanasaxe (20)
A critical thinking framework for understanding excellence in biological thin...
A critical thinking framework for understanding excellence in biological thin...
Recently uploaded
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the Elixir programming ecosystem in May 2024
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of common terms used in context of Generative AI.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about machines behaving intelligently during May 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Recently uploaded (20)
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Section 2-4, Enzymes
- 2. What do you know about… Energy? The first law of thermodynamics? The second law of thermodynamics? Endergonic & Exergonic Reactions? Enzymes
- 3. Energy is.. The capacity to perform work Kinetic Energy: actually doing work Heat: energy associated with movement of molecules Potential Energy: capacity to perform work
- 4. Thermodynamics Study of energy transformation 1st law: conservation of matter 2nd law: energy conversions reduce the order of the universe (aka: increase disorder [entropy]).
- 5. Chemical Reactions Endergonic: requires a net input of energy.
- 6. Chemical Reactions Exergonic: a reaction that releases energy.
- 7. Enzymes Lower the activation energy of a reaction