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Impacts of Humans on Ecosystems
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Community Ecology
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
Central dogma
The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA provides the genetic code or blueprint that is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into proteins. Specifically, the document discusses that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins through codons on the mRNA that each represent an amino acid, with 64 possible codons to code for the 20 amino acids.
Community Ecology
This document discusses various topics in community ecology, including factors that structure communities, species interactions, succession, and sustainability. It covers hypotheses about community organization, including the individualistic hypothesis which emphasizes chance assemblage and the interactive hypothesis which views communities as superorganisms linked by biotic interactions. Other topics include community variables, species roles, invasive species, island biogeography, indicator and keystone species, competition and other interspecific interactions, predator-prey dynamics, parasites, and mutualism.
Communities and Ecosystems
This document outlines learning objectives for understanding communities and ecosystems in biology. It defines key terms like species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem, ecology, autotroph, heterotroph, consumers, detritivores, saprotrophs, food chain, food web, and trophic level. It describes constructing food webs and chains, and explaining energy and nutrient flow between trophic levels and how energy is lost at each transfer. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi are identified as recycling nutrients in ecosystems.
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
For the IB Biology course. Please make a donation to Biology4Good and send me your email address to receive the editable file.
Central dogma
The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Originally, it was thought to be a simple linear process from DNA to mRNA to protein. However, it is now understood that there can be reverse transcription from RNA back to DNA, and proteins can influence other proteins through prion diseases. The genetic code is translated from RNA nucleotides in groups of three codons to specify the 20 amino acids used to build proteins.
Genetic Disorders and Variations on Mendel's Principles
Use this PowerPoint to answer the questions on pages 4-7 in your guided notes packet on Mendel and Meiosis.
Recommended
Impacts of Humans on Ecosystems
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Community Ecology
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
Central dogma
The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA provides the genetic code or blueprint that is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into proteins. Specifically, the document discusses that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins through codons on the mRNA that each represent an amino acid, with 64 possible codons to code for the 20 amino acids.
Community Ecology
This document discusses various topics in community ecology, including factors that structure communities, species interactions, succession, and sustainability. It covers hypotheses about community organization, including the individualistic hypothesis which emphasizes chance assemblage and the interactive hypothesis which views communities as superorganisms linked by biotic interactions. Other topics include community variables, species roles, invasive species, island biogeography, indicator and keystone species, competition and other interspecific interactions, predator-prey dynamics, parasites, and mutualism.
Communities and Ecosystems
This document outlines learning objectives for understanding communities and ecosystems in biology. It defines key terms like species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem, ecology, autotroph, heterotroph, consumers, detritivores, saprotrophs, food chain, food web, and trophic level. It describes constructing food webs and chains, and explaining energy and nutrient flow between trophic levels and how energy is lost at each transfer. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi are identified as recycling nutrients in ecosystems.
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
For the IB Biology course. Please make a donation to Biology4Good and send me your email address to receive the editable file.
Central dogma
The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Originally, it was thought to be a simple linear process from DNA to mRNA to protein. However, it is now understood that there can be reverse transcription from RNA back to DNA, and proteins can influence other proteins through prion diseases. The genetic code is translated from RNA nucleotides in groups of three codons to specify the 20 amino acids used to build proteins.
Genetic Disorders and Variations on Mendel's Principles
Use this PowerPoint to answer the questions on pages 4-7 in your guided notes packet on Mendel and Meiosis.
Blackworm Lab Set Up
This document provides instructions for an experiment on controlling homeostasis and heart rate in blackworms. Students will use scalpels or scissors to trim transfer pipettes to more easily move blackworms between petri dishes and microscope slides. They will then remove the heads and tails of worms placed on depression slides under a microscope to count the pulse rate by focusing on a specific body segment and counting waves passing through. Chemicals will also be tested on worms to collect data on heart rate responses.
Crayfish lab set up
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans related to lobsters that are characterized by a joined head and thorax and segmented body. They typically grow to about 3 inches long and are found worldwide, especially in the US. The lab is set up to measure the oxygen consumption (metabolism) of crayfish using a dissolved oxygen meter in an experimental chamber maintained at a constant temperature by a hot water bath. Large and small crayfish are kept in separate containers to compare their oxygen usage.
Plant pigments and photosynthesis
This lab involves two exercises. Exercise 1 involves separating plant pigments like carotene, xanthophyll, and chlorophyll a and b using paper chromatography and calculating their Rf values. Exercise 2 measures the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts under different light conditions (intensity and wavelength) and temperatures (boiled vs unboiled chloroplasts) using the dye-reduction of DPIP, which changes color from blue to colorless when reduced during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Students will take absorbance readings at various time points to examine how the rate changes under different experimental conditions.
Flower fruit seed lab domb reworked 10.12
The document discusses plant reproduction and strategies for seed dispersal. It explains that flowers evolved to facilitate sexual reproduction in plants and allow plants to pass their genes to offspring. Various dispersal mechanisms are described, including wind dispersal for seeds with wings or plumes, water dispersal for buoyant seeds, and animal dispersal for seeds contained in fleshy fruits or attached to hooks/barbs. The mistletoe plant is highlighted as having evolved a mutualistic relationship with mistletoebirds, which eat the fruit but disperse intact seeds in their droppings, aiding the plant's dispersal.
Osmosis and diffusion post lab questions
This document contains a lab assignment on osmosis and diffusion involving potatoes placed in different sucrose solutions. The assignment asks students to create graphs of their results, compare their data to the class data, discuss potential sources of error, propose improvements to the experiment, explain how the graphs show which solutions were hypotonic and hypertonic, and predict the concentration of an isotonic sucrose solution. It provides rubrics for scoring each question.
Diffusion and osmosis student handout
1. Diffusion and osmosis are processes by which molecules and water move across selectively permeable membranes from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Diffusion is the random movement of all molecules, while osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water through a membrane.
2. Experiments were conducted using potato cores and onion cells to observe the effects of osmosis when placed in solutions of varying sucrose concentration. As sucrose concentration increased outside the cells, water would move out of the cells by osmosis. This loss of water caused the cells to lose turgor pressure and shrink or plasmolyze.
3. By calculating the water potential of the solutions using the formula Ψ = Ψ
Beta gal lab writeup
This document contains post-lab analysis questions for students to answer about 3 enzyme activity experiments measuring the effect of substrate concentration and temperature on enzyme activity. Students are asked to plot and analyze the data, comment on accuracy and precision, and predict and explain the shape of graphs for different experimental conditions. They are also asked questions about how the body regulates the enzyme amylase and digests starch.
A critical thinking framework for understanding excellence in biological thin...
This document discusses the importance of critical thinking in scientific understanding. It argues that our natural thought processes are biased and we must learn to think scientifically. Some key points made:
- Our thoughts are often biased by preconceptions, so science aims to minimize bias through critical methods.
- A critical approach to science focuses on understanding reasons and thinking through ideas, not just memorizing facts.
- Students must confront and modify their own preconceptions to truly understand scientific concepts.
- Scientific thinking involves continually questioning observations and testing hypotheses through experimentation, rather than following a set series of steps. Developing a scientific habit of mind is more important than finding the right answer.
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Honors Biology Pre-Assessment for Modules 1 and 2
Evolution can explain both the unity and diversity of life through common descent from a shared ancestor. DNA and cellular structures provide evidence that all organisms share a common ancestor through natural selection. An example of natural selection is when organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, while energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
What lives where and why preassessment
This document appears to be a pre-assessment worksheet for students. It provides background that the class will be studying a pond to understand what lives there and why. It asks students to imagine they are tasked with observing and collecting data about the pond to report back to the class. The worksheet contains 5 questions for students to answer in complete sentences about their imagined observations of the pond, including how long they observed it, what they saw/heard, if they took any measurements and with what tools, and what living things they saw.
Grade profiles
The document describes the grading system and what each letter grade represents in terms of student understanding and skills. An F represents a failure to understand biological thinking and complete required work. A D demonstrates a minimal level of understanding. A C shows inconsistent skills and understanding. A B shows more strengths than weaknesses with good reasoning skills. An A demonstrates excellence with no major weaknesses. The grading is based on tests, exams, assignments, labs, quizzes, and class participation and discussion. Effort does not directly affect the grade, but influences performance.
Intro to cellular respiration
To ease into cellular respiration student played a trivia game to introduce them to some of the key players in cellular respiration.
Potato catalase pictures
This document discusses a potato catalase experiment where potato mash was prepared and heated to different temperatures, with results from the experiment to be shown. Potato mash was prepared and some was heated while other samples were kept at room temperature or cold, to test the effect of temperature on catalase enzyme activity.
Section 2-4, Enzymes
The document discusses key concepts in energy, thermodynamics, chemical reactions, and enzymes. It defines energy as the capacity to perform work, outlines the first law of thermodynamics as the conservation of matter and the second law as energy conversions increasing disorder. It also explains that endergonic reactions require a net input of energy while exergonic reactions release energy, and that enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
The Parts of a Lab Report
This is the outline for what a lab report should contain. Refer to your rubric for what you need to turn in.
Strawberry DNA lab report
This document provides guidelines for writing a lab report on a strawberry DNA extraction experiment. The lab report should include sections for the scientific title, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion, conclusion, and bibliography. The introduction should describe where DNA is found in cells and the structure and function of DNA, as well as state the experiment's hypothesis. The methods section should explain the procedure in paragraph form and can use numbered steps only for variations. The results section should report averages briefly without raw data. The discussion should analyze patterns, unexpected findings, sources of error, and how to redesign or improve the experiment. The conclusion should restate the hypothesis and whether it was supported. At least one source beyond class notes is needed
Making an xy scatter plot
To create a scatter plot in Excel, select the data and choose "Insert" then "Chart" and select the scatter plot type. Next, label the axes and chart title using formatting options. Finally, copy and paste the completed scatter plot into a lab report along with a brief description of what is displayed.
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Blackworm Lab Set Up
This document provides instructions for an experiment on controlling homeostasis and heart rate in blackworms. Students will use scalpels or scissors to trim transfer pipettes to more easily move blackworms between petri dishes and microscope slides. They will then remove the heads and tails of worms placed on depression slides under a microscope to count the pulse rate by focusing on a specific body segment and counting waves passing through. Chemicals will also be tested on worms to collect data on heart rate responses.
Crayfish lab set up
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans related to lobsters that are characterized by a joined head and thorax and segmented body. They typically grow to about 3 inches long and are found worldwide, especially in the US. The lab is set up to measure the oxygen consumption (metabolism) of crayfish using a dissolved oxygen meter in an experimental chamber maintained at a constant temperature by a hot water bath. Large and small crayfish are kept in separate containers to compare their oxygen usage.
Plant pigments and photosynthesis
This lab involves two exercises. Exercise 1 involves separating plant pigments like carotene, xanthophyll, and chlorophyll a and b using paper chromatography and calculating their Rf values. Exercise 2 measures the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts under different light conditions (intensity and wavelength) and temperatures (boiled vs unboiled chloroplasts) using the dye-reduction of DPIP, which changes color from blue to colorless when reduced during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Students will take absorbance readings at various time points to examine how the rate changes under different experimental conditions.
Flower fruit seed lab domb reworked 10.12
The document discusses plant reproduction and strategies for seed dispersal. It explains that flowers evolved to facilitate sexual reproduction in plants and allow plants to pass their genes to offspring. Various dispersal mechanisms are described, including wind dispersal for seeds with wings or plumes, water dispersal for buoyant seeds, and animal dispersal for seeds contained in fleshy fruits or attached to hooks/barbs. The mistletoe plant is highlighted as having evolved a mutualistic relationship with mistletoebirds, which eat the fruit but disperse intact seeds in their droppings, aiding the plant's dispersal.
Osmosis and diffusion post lab questions
This document contains a lab assignment on osmosis and diffusion involving potatoes placed in different sucrose solutions. The assignment asks students to create graphs of their results, compare their data to the class data, discuss potential sources of error, propose improvements to the experiment, explain how the graphs show which solutions were hypotonic and hypertonic, and predict the concentration of an isotonic sucrose solution. It provides rubrics for scoring each question.
Diffusion and osmosis student handout
1. Diffusion and osmosis are processes by which molecules and water move across selectively permeable membranes from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Diffusion is the random movement of all molecules, while osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water through a membrane.
2. Experiments were conducted using potato cores and onion cells to observe the effects of osmosis when placed in solutions of varying sucrose concentration. As sucrose concentration increased outside the cells, water would move out of the cells by osmosis. This loss of water caused the cells to lose turgor pressure and shrink or plasmolyze.
3. By calculating the water potential of the solutions using the formula Ψ = Ψ
Beta gal lab writeup
This document contains post-lab analysis questions for students to answer about 3 enzyme activity experiments measuring the effect of substrate concentration and temperature on enzyme activity. Students are asked to plot and analyze the data, comment on accuracy and precision, and predict and explain the shape of graphs for different experimental conditions. They are also asked questions about how the body regulates the enzyme amylase and digests starch.
A critical thinking framework for understanding excellence in biological thin...
This document discusses the importance of critical thinking in scientific understanding. It argues that our natural thought processes are biased and we must learn to think scientifically. Some key points made:
- Our thoughts are often biased by preconceptions, so science aims to minimize bias through critical methods.
- A critical approach to science focuses on understanding reasons and thinking through ideas, not just memorizing facts.
- Students must confront and modify their own preconceptions to truly understand scientific concepts.
- Scientific thinking involves continually questioning observations and testing hypotheses through experimentation, rather than following a set series of steps. Developing a scientific habit of mind is more important than finding the right answer.
- To begin thinking
Honors Biology Pre-Assessment for Modules 1 and 2
Evolution can explain both the unity and diversity of life through common descent from a shared ancestor. DNA and cellular structures provide evidence that all organisms share a common ancestor through natural selection. An example of natural selection is when organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, while energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
What lives where and why preassessment
This document appears to be a pre-assessment worksheet for students. It provides background that the class will be studying a pond to understand what lives there and why. It asks students to imagine they are tasked with observing and collecting data about the pond to report back to the class. The worksheet contains 5 questions for students to answer in complete sentences about their imagined observations of the pond, including how long they observed it, what they saw/heard, if they took any measurements and with what tools, and what living things they saw.
Grade profiles
The document describes the grading system and what each letter grade represents in terms of student understanding and skills. An F represents a failure to understand biological thinking and complete required work. A D demonstrates a minimal level of understanding. A C shows inconsistent skills and understanding. A B shows more strengths than weaknesses with good reasoning skills. An A demonstrates excellence with no major weaknesses. The grading is based on tests, exams, assignments, labs, quizzes, and class participation and discussion. Effort does not directly affect the grade, but influences performance.
Intro to cellular respiration
To ease into cellular respiration student played a trivia game to introduce them to some of the key players in cellular respiration.
Potato catalase pictures
This document discusses a potato catalase experiment where potato mash was prepared and heated to different temperatures, with results from the experiment to be shown. Potato mash was prepared and some was heated while other samples were kept at room temperature or cold, to test the effect of temperature on catalase enzyme activity.
Section 2-4, Enzymes
The document discusses key concepts in energy, thermodynamics, chemical reactions, and enzymes. It defines energy as the capacity to perform work, outlines the first law of thermodynamics as the conservation of matter and the second law as energy conversions increasing disorder. It also explains that endergonic reactions require a net input of energy while exergonic reactions release energy, and that enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
The Parts of a Lab Report
This is the outline for what a lab report should contain. Refer to your rubric for what you need to turn in.
Strawberry DNA lab report
This document provides guidelines for writing a lab report on a strawberry DNA extraction experiment. The lab report should include sections for the scientific title, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion, conclusion, and bibliography. The introduction should describe where DNA is found in cells and the structure and function of DNA, as well as state the experiment's hypothesis. The methods section should explain the procedure in paragraph form and can use numbered steps only for variations. The results section should report averages briefly without raw data. The discussion should analyze patterns, unexpected findings, sources of error, and how to redesign or improve the experiment. The conclusion should restate the hypothesis and whether it was supported. At least one source beyond class notes is needed
Making an xy scatter plot
To create a scatter plot in Excel, select the data and choose "Insert" then "Chart" and select the scatter plot type. Next, label the axes and chart title using formatting options. Finally, copy and paste the completed scatter plot into a lab report along with a brief description of what is displayed.
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A critical thinking framework for understanding excellence in biological thin...
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