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DanThe document outlines the federal court system in the United States. It describes the different levels of federal courts including district courts that hold jury trials, courts of appeals that review district court cases, and the Supreme Court as the highest court. It also briefly discusses other specialty federal courts and notes that federal judges are appointed for life by the president and approved by the senate.
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The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the U.S. federal court system. It describes the main levels as the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, and District Courts. It also mentions several specialty courts like the Court of International Trade. The document provides information on jurisdiction, types of cases heard at each level, appointment of judges, and compares the federal system to state court structures.
Judiciary
The document discusses key aspects of the US judicial system, including the dual court system with both federal and state courts. It outlines the structure and jurisdiction of federal courts, from district courts handling original cases up to the Supreme Court as the highest court. The Supreme Court has discretion over which cases it will hear and uses a process of writs of certiorari. It also discusses the political aspects of appointing federal judges and their job security.
Understanding federal and state courts
This document provides an overview of the differences between the federal and state court systems in the United States. It explains that the US has two court systems because the Constitution established both federal and state governments, each with their own spheres of power and laws. The federal system includes district courts, circuit courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court. State systems typically include trial courts of limited and general jurisdiction, as well as intermediate appellate courts and state supreme courts. The document outlines the structure and jurisdiction of courts within these two systems.
Federal and State Courts
The document describes several levels of courts in the U.S. federal and state systems:
- U.S. District Courts are the lowest federal courts and have original jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases. They have lifetime appointed judges and hear cases with juries.
- U.S. Courts of Appeals have appellate jurisdiction and review district court cases through panels of judges without juries.
- The U.S. Supreme Court has both appellate and limited original jurisdiction and hears a small number of significant cases through lifetime appointed justices.
It also outlines state trial, appellate, and supreme courts that handle criminal cases and civil appeals through judges and juries.
The Federal Court System
The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the U.S. federal court system. It outlines the dual court system of federal and state courts. It describes the different levels and types of federal courts, including the Supreme Court, appellate courts, district courts, and specialized courts. It also covers the appointment of judges, their terms, and types of jurisdiction that federal courts have.
Top of FormWEEK 5 SUPREME COURT Lesson Lesson 5 Th.docx
Top of Form
WEEK 5: SUPREME COURT
Lesson
Lesson 5: The Supreme Court
"A law embodies beliefs that have triumphed in the battle of ideas.”
-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
Expected Outcomes
To understand the evolution of the Supreme Court in relation to the other branches of power; to appreciate the difference between the “original intent” and “judicial activist” philosophies; and to critically evaluate the political and cultural importance of major Supreme Court decisions.
Overview
I. The Legal Framework
Most American laws are based on the English legal system. The body of judge-made law is referred to as common law. The U.S. Constitution, State Constitutions and statutes - laws passed by Congress or State Legislatures - are sources upon which American law is founded. Common law countries around the world include: United States; Britain, Australia, Canada, India, and New Zealand.
The United States utilizes a dual court system which is comprised of both State and Federal Courts. The rules and principles which are the basis of court decisions are referred to as Case Law. Case law has bearing on future cases that involve similar facts and constitutional issues. The case law or court rule from previous cases establishes the precedents on which future cases will be relied upon in the decision making process. The doctrine of stare decisis means to stand on the decided cases.
A courts authority to hear and decide cases refers to the jurisdiction of the court. According to the Constitution, the accused must receive a fair trial in the jurisdiction in which the crime was committed. Federal Courts have jurisdiction when there is a federal question in the case, when there is diversity of citizenship involved in the case (meaning citizens from different states), and when there are two or more different states or state boundaries involved. When a case is to be heard in Federal Court, courts with limited jurisdiction include Tax and Bankruptcy Courts. These are examples of courts that deal with very specialized issues that do not deal with constitutional issues, but other federal issues.
II. The Judicial Powers
According to Article III of the Constitution, the judicial power of the United States would be vested in one Supreme Court. The actual authority of the Supreme Court was described as:
· “The Judicial power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; to Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of another State; between Citizens of different States; between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizen ...
Judicial
The judicial branch is established in Article III of the Constitution and has jurisdiction over federal laws, disputes between states or citizens of different states, and disputes involving foreign governments. The lower federal courts include district courts, which handle the majority of cases, and courts of appeals that hear appeals from lower courts. Additional specialty courts include military, territorial, tax, and claims courts. At the highest level is the Supreme Court, which has the power of judicial review to determine the constitutionality of laws but only through cases that come before it. Supreme Court decisions can only be overturned through a new ruling or constitutional amendment.
Govt 2305-Ch_13
The document discusses several key aspects of the American judicial system, including the importance of judicial independence, the common law tradition, and sources of American law such as statutes, administrative law, and case law. It also provides an overview of the federal court system, describing the different types of federal courts and their roles. The Supreme Court's process for deciding cases and issuing opinions is outlined. The selection of federal judges and debates around judicial activism vs. restraint are also summarized.
Judicial Branch Intro
Here are brief summaries of some landmark Supreme Court cases related to students' rights in schools:
- Tinker v. DesMoines (1969): Students have a First Amendment right to freedom of expression unless it causes a substantial disruption to school activities. Wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War was protected speech.
- NJ v. TLO (1985): Schools can search students if there is reasonable suspicion the search will find evidence of a violation of law or school rules. A search of a student's purse for cigarettes was justified.
- Hazlewood v. Kuhlmeier (1988): Schools have authority over school-sponsored activities like student newspapers and can censor content for educational reasons.
The federal court_system
The Federal Court System consists of District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. District Courts hold trials and hear cases initially. Losing parties can appeal District Court decisions to Courts of Appeals. The Supreme Court has discretion to hear appeals and ensure laws comply with the Constitution through judicial review established in Marbury v. Madison. While the Court interprets laws, Congress and states can override decisions through new legislation or Constitutional amendments.
Federalcourts
The federal court system has jurisdiction over cases involving federal laws, treaties, the Constitution, bankruptcy, maritime law, ambassadors, disputes between states, and disputes between citizens of different states. Federal courts are divided into the Supreme Court, appellate courts, and trial courts. The Supreme Court is the final step in the appeals process and has the power to interpret the Constitution, but can only rule on specific cases, not broad issues, that are brought before it through the litigation process.
Judicial Power
The document provides an overview of the American judicial system and constitutional limitations on judicial power. It discusses the dual court system with separate federal and state court hierarchies. Key points include:
- The US Constitution established both federal and state court systems, with 95% of cases handled in state courts.
- Federal courts have limited jurisdiction over cases concerning federal law and constitutional questions, while state courts have general jurisdiction.
- The Supreme Court has the final say on the meaning of the US Constitution.
The American Judicial System by Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg
The document discusses the American judicial system, which consists of federal and state courts. The federal court system is based on the US Constitution and includes district courts, circuit courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court. State court systems are based on state constitutions and laws and generally include courts of limited jurisdiction, courts of general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate courts, and a state supreme court. Both federal and state courts have played an important role in interpreting laws relating to schools.
Similar to Section 2 (20)
The Court System Federal and State | David Ford Avon Ct
The Court System Federal and State | David Ford Avon Ct
Top of FormWEEK 5 SUPREME COURT Lesson Lesson 5 Th.docx
Top of FormWEEK 5 SUPREME COURT Lesson Lesson 5 Th.docx
The American Judicial System by Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg
The American Judicial System by Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg
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Lesson 1
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Section 3
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Section 2
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Section 1
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Lesson 4
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Lesson 3
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Lesson 2
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Section 1
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Lesson 5
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Lesson 4
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Lesson 3
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Lesson 2
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Section 2
- 1. The Federal Court System
- 2. Cases Tried in Federal Courts Cases that are brought to trial in federal court Disobey the Constitution Violating U.S. Treaty Breaking law passed by congress Charges brought by a foreign Country Crimes committed at Sea Ambassadors breaking laws in countries Crimes committed on Federal Property Disagreements between states Lawsuits between citizens of different states
- 3. U. S. District Courts There are 94 federal district courts n teh U.S. District courts are the only federal court which jury trials are held
- 4. District Court officials Has at least 1-28 Judges Appointed for Life U.S. Marshal arrests person who breaks federal Laws, and deliver subpoenas Magistrate Judges hear cases and deside if it should be put to the Grand Jury U.S. Attorney is the official lawyer for the federal government
- 5. U.S. Courts of Appeals Reviews cases that are appealed from the district courts 12 U.S. Courts of Appeals and covers a circuit 50 states are divided into 1 circuits Has 6-28 Judges There are no trials, but they determine if a case was properly tried
- 6. U.S. Supreme Court Highest court of the land Works as an appeals court Decisions are final
- 7. Other Federal Courts Court of Federal Claims Hears cases involving money U.S. Court of International Trade Hears cases involved on taxes on imports Territorial Courts Handles cases in the U.S. Territories Mariana Islands, Guam, The Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico U.S. Tax Court Deal with Taxes, and the IRS Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 8. Federal Court Judges All Federal Courts are presided over by Judges President Appoints judges Senate must approve the judges Judges for life, can only be removed by Impeachment