This document outlines the contents of a university course on environmental management and air quality. It includes topics like the health effects of air pollutants, air quality regulations, environmental permitting, and environmental impact assessments required under the Town and Country Planning Act. Planning controls land use and considers environmental impacts, while permitting controls the environmental impacts of industrial processes to meet EU standards.
A structured process of evaluating likely beneficial and adverse environmental consequences of proposed developmental projects on air, water, soil, human health, society, flora, fauna, economy, and heritage.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
This document summarizes a seminar on environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as the evaluation of environmental impacts from major projects affecting the environment. The document then outlines the key stages of the EIA process, including screening, scoping, impact analysis, reporting, review, decision making, and monitoring. It also discusses the historical background and purpose of EIA, describes different types of environmental impacts, and lists the types of projects that typically require an EIA. In conclusion, the document states that EIA is an important tool to ensure projects do not adversely impact the environment and to facilitate informed decision making.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It defines EIAs as decision-making tools used to predict and compare the environmental effects of proposed projects and activities. The document then outlines the history and evolution of EIAs in India, describes the different types (rapid vs. comprehensive), and explains the key stages of an EIA - from initial screening and scoping to impact analysis, mitigation planning, public hearings, and licensing. The goal of an EIA process is to balance environmental and developmental concerns by identifying impacts and following suitable mitigation measures to ensure sustainable development outcomes.
The year 2016 was a turning point in the way China deals with soil pollution. The 10-Chapter Soil Pollution Action Plan laid the foundation and was followed by a rapid rolling out of new initiatives, regulations and enforcement programs. This presentation was given at the European Chamber in Shanghai to provide companies operating in China an update about these new requirements and to share with some insights in strategies leading MNC’s are implementing to manage their liabilities.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in the United Kingdom. It explains that EIAs evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects, are required by law for certain types of development, and involve assessing impacts, soliciting public comments, and considering mitigation measures. The summary also notes that the European Commission has proposed revisions to strengthen and update EIA requirements.
This document outlines the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. It defines EIA and environmental impact statement (EIS). It describes the purpose of EIA as ensuring comprehensive environmental assessments of projects likely to significantly impact the environment. It discusses the stages of EIA including screening projects, assessing existing environment, identifying impacts, and mitigating measures. It provides examples of projects requiring mandatory or discretionary EIA. Finally, it summarizes the roles and procedures of environmental health officers when reviewing submitted EIAs.
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
A structured process of evaluating likely beneficial and adverse environmental consequences of proposed developmental projects on air, water, soil, human health, society, flora, fauna, economy, and heritage.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
This document summarizes a seminar on environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as the evaluation of environmental impacts from major projects affecting the environment. The document then outlines the key stages of the EIA process, including screening, scoping, impact analysis, reporting, review, decision making, and monitoring. It also discusses the historical background and purpose of EIA, describes different types of environmental impacts, and lists the types of projects that typically require an EIA. In conclusion, the document states that EIA is an important tool to ensure projects do not adversely impact the environment and to facilitate informed decision making.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It defines EIAs as decision-making tools used to predict and compare the environmental effects of proposed projects and activities. The document then outlines the history and evolution of EIAs in India, describes the different types (rapid vs. comprehensive), and explains the key stages of an EIA - from initial screening and scoping to impact analysis, mitigation planning, public hearings, and licensing. The goal of an EIA process is to balance environmental and developmental concerns by identifying impacts and following suitable mitigation measures to ensure sustainable development outcomes.
The year 2016 was a turning point in the way China deals with soil pollution. The 10-Chapter Soil Pollution Action Plan laid the foundation and was followed by a rapid rolling out of new initiatives, regulations and enforcement programs. This presentation was given at the European Chamber in Shanghai to provide companies operating in China an update about these new requirements and to share with some insights in strategies leading MNC’s are implementing to manage their liabilities.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in the United Kingdom. It explains that EIAs evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects, are required by law for certain types of development, and involve assessing impacts, soliciting public comments, and considering mitigation measures. The summary also notes that the European Commission has proposed revisions to strengthen and update EIA requirements.
This document outlines the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. It defines EIA and environmental impact statement (EIS). It describes the purpose of EIA as ensuring comprehensive environmental assessments of projects likely to significantly impact the environment. It discusses the stages of EIA including screening projects, assessing existing environment, identifying impacts, and mitigating measures. It provides examples of projects requiring mandatory or discretionary EIA. Finally, it summarizes the roles and procedures of environmental health officers when reviewing submitted EIAs.
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
1. The document discusses the purpose and process of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). EIAs aim to balance development activities with environmental concerns by identifying potential environmental impacts of proposed projects and finding mitigation measures.
2. The key stages of the EIA process include screening, scoping, baseline data collection, impact prediction, assessment of alternatives and mitigation measures, public hearings, and monitoring. Public participation is emphasized as important throughout the process.
3. In India, EIAs are required by law for certain categories of projects involving industries, infrastructure, and other development. The process aims to allow decision makers to understand environmental consequences and make informed decisions.
EIA an introduction - Case study wrt Coastal development & AquacultureKANTHARAJAN GANESAN
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment for the Mumbai Coastal Road Project. It describes the objectives of the EIA study as establishing the baseline environmental conditions, identifying elements that could be affected, predicting impacts, and developing mitigation measures. The report structure includes chapters on project description, alternatives analysis, environmental description, anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, and an environmental management plan. The coastal road project aims to address traffic issues in the dense city of Mumbai by constructing a 29.2 km road along the western coast, and the EIA aims to assess the project's environmental impacts and ensure sustainable development.
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) For Thermal Power Plants.docx.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an essential tool for assessing the potential environmental impact of thermal power plants and ensuring that any adverse effects are mitigated.
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) For Thermal Power Plants.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a critical process that evaluates the potential environmental and social impacts of any proposed development project, including thermal power plants.
JBA Consulting Guide to Environmental Assessment for Renewable ProjectsJBAConsulting
This document provides guidance on environmental assessment and regulation for renewable energy projects. It discusses the following key points:
- Environmental assessment is a process to understand potential environmental impacts of development proposals and identify mitigation measures. It may involve an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) required by law for certain projects.
- Legislation exists to protect the environment and promote sustainable development, and various assessments like EIAs may be required at different stages of a project's development.
- Guidance is provided on environmental assessments for different renewable energy technologies like wind, solar, and hydropower projects as well as landscape and visual impact assessments. Compliance with regulations aims to help projects meet requirements and minimize environmental risks.
This document provides guidance on screening as part of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. Screening is the first stage of EIA and determines whether a proposed project requires a full EIA. The guidance describes the legal requirements for screening according to EU Directives and provides practical steps and tools to help competent authorities and developers carry out screening. These include checklists of project and impact information needed and criteria for evaluating the significance of environmental effects to inform case-by-case screening decisions.
Environmental impact assessment of mining projects 17.03.09Mohit Singh
1) The document discusses environmental impact assessment procedures for mining projects in India, which require environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
2) It outlines key environmental policies and legislation in India related to mining and the environment, and notes that mining technology choices must consider environmental and social impacts, not just economic factors.
3) The document describes the scoping process for identifying potential environmental impacts of mining projects and lists some typical impacts such as changes to land use and landscape, and socioeconomic effects.
It was taken into account before irrevocable development decisions are made. This paper attempts to review the developed framework for use into mining project proponents in the preparation of Environmental Impact Evaluation reports to meet the requirements of the Mines, Minerals Act and other statutory and legislative instruments dealing with the environment. It describe the significance of the environmental impact assessment EIA and its report or guidelines, as well as the procedures in stages on how project proponent interfaces with the federal ministry of environment and other entities in project management. It considers the environmental management plan EMP as compensatory measures for EIA and Mentioned also was the ability to identify key environmental impacts against project cycle for mining. The criteria and categories of mining projects according to environmental impact levels were discussed. Amosu Cyril Olumuyiwa "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38456.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/38456/environmental-impact-evaluation-of-mining/amosu-cyril-olumuyiwa
The document discusses India's Environment (Protection) Act of 1986. It defines the environment and outlines the act's goals of protecting and improving the environment by establishing standards for emissions, waste disposal, and environmental regulation. It describes the authorities and powers of central and state governments to enforce the act by issuing directions to industries, regulating or restricting polluting activities, and setting compliance schedules. Industries are required to submit annual environmental statements on their resource usage, pollution levels, and protection measures.
English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background Jane Austen and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background Jane Austen and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and l
This document provides an environmental impact assessment for a proposed mechanical biological treatment plant. It identifies and analyzes potential significant environmental effects from the development, such as bioaerosols, noise, odour, air pollutants, and dust. It recommends control measures the developer should implement to avoid, reduce, and remedy these effects. Key impacts include bioaerosol releases during waste processing, noise from operations and traffic, and odour that could cause nuisance if not properly controlled. The development requires an environmental impact assessment due to its size and potential for pollution.
This document outlines the Environment Conservation Rules of 1997 in Bangladesh. It includes regulations related to declaring ecologically critical areas, vehicles emitting harmful smoke, applications regarding environmental pollution, notices for collecting samples, procedures for environmental clearance certificates, determining environmental standards, fees, and reporting special incidents. It contains 14 rules and 14 schedules with standards and fees. The rules establish a classification system for industrial projects/units (green, orange A/B, red) and set procedures for environmental clearance depending on the category.
Bangladesh environmental conservation rules,1997Abdullah Saif
This document outlines the Environment Conservation Rules of 1997 in Bangladesh. It includes regulations related to declaring ecologically critical areas, vehicles emitting harmful smoke, applications regarding environmental pollution, sampling procedures, environmental clearance certificates, standards for environmental parameters, fees, and reporting of special incidents. The rules classify industrial projects into four categories (Green, Orange A, Orange B, Red) based on location and environmental impacts. It specifies the documents and information required for environmental clearance for projects in each category. Schedules attached to the rules list standards and fees.
Bangladesh environmental conservation rules,1997Abdullah Saif
This document outlines the Environment Conservation Rules of 1997 in Bangladesh. It includes regulations related to declaring ecologically critical areas, vehicles emitting harmful smoke, applications regarding environmental pollution, sampling procedures, environmental clearance certificates, standards for environmental parameters, fees, and reporting of special incidents. It contains 14 rules and 14 schedules with standards and fees. The rules establish a classification system for industrial projects into Green, Orange A, Orange B, and Red categories based on their environmental impact and location. It specifies the documentation and clearance process required to obtain environmental clearance for projects in each category.
This document provides the standard terms of reference for environmental impact assessment reports for projects requiring environmental clearance in India. It discusses key concepts in environmental impact assessment, including sustainable development, pollution control strategies, and tools for preventive environmental management. The introduction aims to guide project proponents in preparing EIA/EMP reports and to streamline the process of obtaining environmental clearance.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
The document analyzes air pollution levels in the city of Kozhikode, India before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdowns. It finds that levels of particulate matter and other pollutants decreased during lockdowns when traffic and industrial activity were reduced but increased again after lockdowns ended as normal activity resumed. The study concludes that vehicles and industries are major contributors to air pollution in Kozhikode and recommends actions like promoting electric vehicles and renewable energy to improve air quality.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
This document analyzes air pollution in Kozhikode City, India. It finds that strong population growth and increased waste, vehicles, and industry have led to worsening air quality. The study examines air pollutant levels in Kozhikode using data from the Pollution Control Board. It analyzes data from 2019-2021 during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown reduced traffic and industrial activities, decreasing air pollution temporarily. Particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia levels fluctuated over time. Vehicle emissions and industrial activities were major contributors to air pollution, which worsened air quality and health. Str
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
1. The document discusses the purpose and process of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). EIAs aim to balance development activities with environmental concerns by identifying potential environmental impacts of proposed projects and finding mitigation measures.
2. The key stages of the EIA process include screening, scoping, baseline data collection, impact prediction, assessment of alternatives and mitigation measures, public hearings, and monitoring. Public participation is emphasized as important throughout the process.
3. In India, EIAs are required by law for certain categories of projects involving industries, infrastructure, and other development. The process aims to allow decision makers to understand environmental consequences and make informed decisions.
EIA an introduction - Case study wrt Coastal development & AquacultureKANTHARAJAN GANESAN
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment for the Mumbai Coastal Road Project. It describes the objectives of the EIA study as establishing the baseline environmental conditions, identifying elements that could be affected, predicting impacts, and developing mitigation measures. The report structure includes chapters on project description, alternatives analysis, environmental description, anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, and an environmental management plan. The coastal road project aims to address traffic issues in the dense city of Mumbai by constructing a 29.2 km road along the western coast, and the EIA aims to assess the project's environmental impacts and ensure sustainable development.
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) For Thermal Power Plants.docx.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an essential tool for assessing the potential environmental impact of thermal power plants and ensuring that any adverse effects are mitigated.
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) For Thermal Power Plants.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a critical process that evaluates the potential environmental and social impacts of any proposed development project, including thermal power plants.
JBA Consulting Guide to Environmental Assessment for Renewable ProjectsJBAConsulting
This document provides guidance on environmental assessment and regulation for renewable energy projects. It discusses the following key points:
- Environmental assessment is a process to understand potential environmental impacts of development proposals and identify mitigation measures. It may involve an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) required by law for certain projects.
- Legislation exists to protect the environment and promote sustainable development, and various assessments like EIAs may be required at different stages of a project's development.
- Guidance is provided on environmental assessments for different renewable energy technologies like wind, solar, and hydropower projects as well as landscape and visual impact assessments. Compliance with regulations aims to help projects meet requirements and minimize environmental risks.
This document provides guidance on screening as part of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. Screening is the first stage of EIA and determines whether a proposed project requires a full EIA. The guidance describes the legal requirements for screening according to EU Directives and provides practical steps and tools to help competent authorities and developers carry out screening. These include checklists of project and impact information needed and criteria for evaluating the significance of environmental effects to inform case-by-case screening decisions.
Environmental impact assessment of mining projects 17.03.09Mohit Singh
1) The document discusses environmental impact assessment procedures for mining projects in India, which require environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
2) It outlines key environmental policies and legislation in India related to mining and the environment, and notes that mining technology choices must consider environmental and social impacts, not just economic factors.
3) The document describes the scoping process for identifying potential environmental impacts of mining projects and lists some typical impacts such as changes to land use and landscape, and socioeconomic effects.
It was taken into account before irrevocable development decisions are made. This paper attempts to review the developed framework for use into mining project proponents in the preparation of Environmental Impact Evaluation reports to meet the requirements of the Mines, Minerals Act and other statutory and legislative instruments dealing with the environment. It describe the significance of the environmental impact assessment EIA and its report or guidelines, as well as the procedures in stages on how project proponent interfaces with the federal ministry of environment and other entities in project management. It considers the environmental management plan EMP as compensatory measures for EIA and Mentioned also was the ability to identify key environmental impacts against project cycle for mining. The criteria and categories of mining projects according to environmental impact levels were discussed. Amosu Cyril Olumuyiwa "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38456.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/38456/environmental-impact-evaluation-of-mining/amosu-cyril-olumuyiwa
The document discusses India's Environment (Protection) Act of 1986. It defines the environment and outlines the act's goals of protecting and improving the environment by establishing standards for emissions, waste disposal, and environmental regulation. It describes the authorities and powers of central and state governments to enforce the act by issuing directions to industries, regulating or restricting polluting activities, and setting compliance schedules. Industries are required to submit annual environmental statements on their resource usage, pollution levels, and protection measures.
English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background Jane Austen and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background Jane Austen and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane AustenEnglish literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her background and her background English literature's backbone ..and love of many students Jane Austen..all about Jane Austen and her English literature's backbone ..and l
This document provides an environmental impact assessment for a proposed mechanical biological treatment plant. It identifies and analyzes potential significant environmental effects from the development, such as bioaerosols, noise, odour, air pollutants, and dust. It recommends control measures the developer should implement to avoid, reduce, and remedy these effects. Key impacts include bioaerosol releases during waste processing, noise from operations and traffic, and odour that could cause nuisance if not properly controlled. The development requires an environmental impact assessment due to its size and potential for pollution.
This document outlines the Environment Conservation Rules of 1997 in Bangladesh. It includes regulations related to declaring ecologically critical areas, vehicles emitting harmful smoke, applications regarding environmental pollution, notices for collecting samples, procedures for environmental clearance certificates, determining environmental standards, fees, and reporting special incidents. It contains 14 rules and 14 schedules with standards and fees. The rules establish a classification system for industrial projects/units (green, orange A/B, red) and set procedures for environmental clearance depending on the category.
Bangladesh environmental conservation rules,1997Abdullah Saif
This document outlines the Environment Conservation Rules of 1997 in Bangladesh. It includes regulations related to declaring ecologically critical areas, vehicles emitting harmful smoke, applications regarding environmental pollution, sampling procedures, environmental clearance certificates, standards for environmental parameters, fees, and reporting of special incidents. The rules classify industrial projects into four categories (Green, Orange A, Orange B, Red) based on location and environmental impacts. It specifies the documents and information required for environmental clearance for projects in each category. Schedules attached to the rules list standards and fees.
Bangladesh environmental conservation rules,1997Abdullah Saif
This document outlines the Environment Conservation Rules of 1997 in Bangladesh. It includes regulations related to declaring ecologically critical areas, vehicles emitting harmful smoke, applications regarding environmental pollution, sampling procedures, environmental clearance certificates, standards for environmental parameters, fees, and reporting of special incidents. It contains 14 rules and 14 schedules with standards and fees. The rules establish a classification system for industrial projects into Green, Orange A, Orange B, and Red categories based on their environmental impact and location. It specifies the documentation and clearance process required to obtain environmental clearance for projects in each category.
This document provides the standard terms of reference for environmental impact assessment reports for projects requiring environmental clearance in India. It discusses key concepts in environmental impact assessment, including sustainable development, pollution control strategies, and tools for preventive environmental management. The introduction aims to guide project proponents in preparing EIA/EMP reports and to streamline the process of obtaining environmental clearance.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
The document analyzes air pollution levels in the city of Kozhikode, India before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdowns. It finds that levels of particulate matter and other pollutants decreased during lockdowns when traffic and industrial activity were reduced but increased again after lockdowns ended as normal activity resumed. The study concludes that vehicles and industries are major contributors to air pollution in Kozhikode and recommends actions like promoting electric vehicles and renewable energy to improve air quality.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
This document analyzes air pollution in Kozhikode City, India. It finds that strong population growth and increased waste, vehicles, and industry have led to worsening air quality. The study examines air pollutant levels in Kozhikode using data from the Pollution Control Board. It analyzes data from 2019-2021 during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown reduced traffic and industrial activities, decreasing air pollution temporarily. Particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia levels fluctuated over time. Vehicle emissions and industrial activities were major contributors to air pollution, which worsened air quality and health. Str
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Section 13 Planning Law and Environment protection CAPE2020 2021.pptx
1. CAPE2020 Environmental Management and Air Quality
Prof. G..E. Andrews 2019/20
Contents
1. Introduction to the Air Quality and Environmental Management part of the module.
2. Introduction to legal framework for Air Quality legislation and the changes in the draft
Environment Bill
3. Health effects of air pollutants
4. Particulate air pollution and particle size distribution and the health effects of ultra-fine particles
5. Sources of Air pollution and Trends in emissions of pollutants that contribute to poor air quality.
6. Air quality Regulations
7. Air quality monitoring
8. Air quality limit value Regulations
9. Occupational exposure to pollution – COSHH
10. The Clean Air Acts
11. Meteorology and pollutant dispersion
12. Environmental Law
13. Town and Country Act planning law for Environmental Impact
14. Environmental Management in Industry
15. Preparing an Environmental Permit - examples
16. Emissions measurement from industrial plant
2. • Planning
– Controls the development and use of land in the public interest including
consideration of the impacts on the local environment and amenity
– Should assume that other regimes (e.g. Environmental Permitting
Regulations) operate effectively
• Environmental permitting
– Controls the impact on the environment and human health from the
process plant
– Ensures EU directive requirements are met including use of Best
Available Techniques (BAT)
– As a consultee to the planning process, the Environment Agency
comments on aspects relevant to the issue of a permit
Planning versus Permitting
3. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 3
Town and Country Planning (Environmental, Impact Assessment -
EIA) (England and Wales) Regulations 1999
Duxbury and Morton Statutes on Environmental Law 5th Ed. p.507-545, 2004
Implements EC Directive 85/337/EEC
Part 1 (3) Prohibition on granting planning permission without consideration of
environmental information.
3.2 The relevant planning authority or the Secretary of State or an
inspector shall not grant planning permission pursuant to an EIA
application for planning permission unless they have first taken the
environmental information into consideration and they shall state in
their decision that they have done so.
An ‘EIA application’ means an application for planning permission for EIA
development, which means development which is either (a) Schedule 1
development or (b) Schedule 2 development likely to have significant
effects on the environment by virtue of factors such as its nature, size
or location.
4. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 4
‘Environmental information’ means the environmental
statement, which means a statement –
(a) that includes such of the information referred to in Part 1 of
Schedule 4 as is reasonably required to assess the
environmental effects of the development and which the
applicant can, having regard in particular to current
knowledge and methods of assessment, reasonably be
required to compile, but
(b) that includes at least the information referred to in Part II of
Schedule 4.
Note that we will deal with the specifics of how to apply this law
and what is required in an environmental statement at the end
of the course. We are summarising the legal requirements here.
5. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 5
Schedule 1 development is the largest developments: airports
with runways >2,100m, crude oil refineries, >300MW thermal
power stations, nuclear power stations and nuclear reprocessing
sites (e.g. Sellafield), steel works and other metal manufacture
from ore, asbestos works, large chemical plants, construction
lines for main railways, motorway construction, inland
waterways (canals) construction, large road widening schemes,
waste disposal installations for incineration or chemical
treatment or landfill of hazardous waste, ground water
abstraction > 100 tonnes per day, waste water treatment plants,
petroleum or natural gas extraction, dams >10M m3 water
stored, massive poultry or pig farms, large paper and pulp
plants, large quarries, large petrochemical storage sites.
6. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 6
Schedule 2 developments are virtually all other industries that
are smaller than the size specified in Schedule 1, but still larger
than another minimum size or are not mentioned in Schedule 1.
The principles are to specify Schedule 1 or 2 on the quantity of
material or animals or power produced. Also in Schedule 2 the
area of land involved is also used in the criteria e.g. quarries <
1000 m2 new quarry area is Schedule 2 and >25 hectacres of
total quarry size is Schedule 1. Much of Schedule 2 refers to
extension of the land area of an existing facility and is usually
>1000 m2 new land area for Schedule 2. Smaller than this and no
EIA is required when planning permission is applied for.
7. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 7
Schedule 2 developments
1. Agriculture and aquaculture
2. Extractive Industries
3. Energy Industries
4. Production and Processing of Metals
5. Mineral Industry
6. Chemical Industry (unless in Schedule 1)
7. Food Industry
8. Textile, leather, wood and paper industries
9. Rubber industry
10. Infrastructure Project
11. Other Projects
12. Tourism and leisure
8. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 8
Schedule 4 – Information for inclusion in Environmental
Statements (Duxbury and Morton, Statutes in Env. Law 2004 p.544
Jack Rostron, Environmenental Law for the Built Environment, Cavendish 2001 p.61-75,
for a full discussion of the technical process of EIA.
Part 1 (Not compulsory but Part 2 is, can be asked for any or all
items in Part 1 by the Planning Officer)
1. Description of the development –
(a) physical characteristics and land-use requirements
during construction and operation.
(b) main characteristics of the production processes –
nature and quantity of materials used
(c) estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues and
emissions (water, air and soil pollution, noise, vibration,
light, heat, radiation, etc.)
2. Outline of the main alternatives studied and an indication
of the reasons for choice, taking into account the
environmental effects.
9. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 9
3. A description of the aspects of the environment likely to be
significantly affected by the development, including population,
fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climate factors, material assets,
architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and their
inter-relationships.
4. A description of the likely significant effects of the development
on the environment, which should cover the direct effects and
any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-
term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects
of the development, resulting from:
(a) The existence of the development
(b) The use of natural resources
(c) The emissions of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the
elimination of waste
And the description of the forecasting methods used.
10. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 10
5. Description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and
where possible offset any significant adverse effects on the
environment.
6. A non-technical summary of the information provided
7. An indication of any difficulties (technical deficiencies or lack
of know-how) encountered in compiling the required
information.
The ECs objective in adopting EIA was to prevent pollution at source by
requiring environmental information to be considered as part of the project
authorisation procedures and in the UK this has been done by incorporation
into the existing planning procedures. EIAs require the environmental effects
of a development to be considered by the developer and the information
provided to the planners to be used in their decision making process.
Hughes et al. Env. Law 4th Ed. 2002 p.207.
11. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 11
Part II (These are the minimum requirements for EIA)
1. A description of the development comprising information
on the site, design and size of the development.
2. A description of the measures envisaged in order to avoid,
reduce and, if possible, remedy significant adverse effects.
3. The data required to identify and assess the main effects
which the development is likely to have on the
environment.
4. An outline of the main alternative studied and an indication
of the main reasons for the choice, taking into account the
environmental effects.
5. A non-technical summary of the information.
12. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 12
Part V Publicity and procedures on submission of a EIA
13. Procedure where an EIA is submitted with the planning
application.
A key feature here is that the EIA is not made available for
public scrutiny.
14. Procedure where an EIA is submitted after the planning
application.
In this case the application has to be published in the local paper
stating that the EAI may be inspected by members of the
public and to give an address where this can be done,
which must be in the locality of the planning application.
13. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 13
Part VI Notification of Decisions
20. Availability of opinions for inspection
All the documents relating to the decision have to be kept for two years. A copy of
the opinion, request or direction and any accompanying statement of reasons
must be available for public inspection.
This does not include public access to the EIA.
21 Duties to inform the public and the Sec. State of the final decision.
(c) Make available for public inspection a statement:
(i) the content and conditions of the decision
(ii) the main reasons on which the decision was based
(iii) a description of the main measures to avoid, reduce and if possible offset
the major adverse effects of the development.
This still does not give the public access to the EIA. But this is the firsts time that the
public have access to the reasons that planning consent was given. There is
still no mechanism for the public (or any third party) to appeal against a
planning consent decision. Only the developer has the right of appeal if there
is a refusal of planning consent. The public can only make representation
before the plans are approved and the system of notification of a planning
application is deeply flawed. The whole system is weighted in favour of the
developer and against the public.
Jack Rostron Env. Law for the Built Environment, Cavendish, 2001, p.54.
14. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 14
Sustainable Planning Decision Making
Jack Rostron, Env. Law and the Built Environment, Cavendish, 2001, p.56-61.
Planning is not just about land use – there is also the issue of policy planning. This is
being driven at present in the EC by the ideal of sustainability, which grew out
of the no growth debate. The most commonly accepted definition of
sustainable development is that of the Brundtland Commission in 1987:
‘Sustainable development is development that meet the needs to the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs’
There are 3 core parts to sustainable development:
(a) Inclusion of environmental considerations in policy
(b) Commitment to a fair distribution of resources
(c) Development that acknowledges health, education and the
environment considerations.
The government has had a Sustainable development panel since 1994
15. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 15
Gateshead Metropolitan BC v. Secretary of State for the Environment
and Northumbrian Water Group plc. 1993
Wolf and Stanley on Environmental Law 2003 p.333
Wolf and White Environmental Law 1995 p. 338-342, Cavendish.
GMBC refused outline planning permission for a clinical waste
incinerator to be built in Gateshead by NWG. The refusal was based
on the grounds that NWG had failed to supply sufficient information
to demonstrate that the plant would operate without causing a
nuisance to the surrounding locality, including the possible release of
noxious substances. The NWG appealed to the Secretary of State
and a local public enquiry was held. This recommended that the
appeal was dismissed on the grounds that ‘the impact on air quality
and agriculture in the semi-rural location is insufficiently defined and
that public disquiet over dioxin pollution cannot be allayed and so
make the application acceptable’.
16. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 16
However, the Secretary of State for the Environment chose to act
against the public inquiry’s inspector’s recommendation and granted
planning permission. The Secretary of State accepted that the
pollution arising from the incinerator and its impact on neighbouring
land uses could constitute material considerations. However, he also
stated that:
‘While the planning system must determine the location of facilities
of this kind, taking into account of the provisions of the
development plan and other material considerations, the Secretary
of State considers that it is not the role of the planning system to
duplicate controls under the Environmental Protection Act 1990’
He went on to assert that the controls under the EPA were adequate
and control of emissions from the incinerator should be regulated by
HMIP (now EA).This would apply today to the IED being deemed
adequate control.
17. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 17
GMBC appealed against the Secretary of States decision, but their
appeal was rejected by both the High Court and the Court of Appeal.
The High Court held that the existence of a stringent pollution control regime
under the EPA or IED was a material consideration in a planning decision. Lord
Justice Glidewell, in the Court of Appeal, accepted that the two systems of control
overlapped. However, the Court of Appeal unheld the decision of the High Court
and stated that the potential for environmental pollution would be a material
consideration when determining planning applications but so would the existence
of a system of environmental control administered by pollution control authorities.
The impact of this judgement was that it could not be argued in a planning
application that the plant would not conform to statutory air and water pollution
emission requirements, as this was for the EA to enforce. The planning permission
system could be used to ensure that the correct equipment was fitted to control the
pollution, but it could not be assumed that the equipment would not work or would
not be used – this was for the EA to police.
18. CAPE2020 Environmental Management and Air Quality
Prof. G..E. Andrews 2019/20
Contents
1. Introduction to the Air Quality and Environmental Management part of the module.
2. Introduction to legal framework for Air Quality legislation and the changes in the draft
Environment Bill
3. Health effects of air pollutants
4. Particulate air pollution and particle size distribution and the health effects of ultra-fine particles
5. Sources of Air pollution and Trends in emissions of pollutants that contribute to poor air quality.
6. Air quality Regulations
7. Air quality monitoring
8. Air quality limit value Regulations
9. Occupational exposure to pollution – COSHH
10. The Clean Air Acts
11. Meteorology and pollutant dispersion
12. Environmental Law
13. Town and Country Act planning law for Environmental Impact
14. Environmental Management in Industry
15. Preparing an Environmental Permit - examples
16. Emissions measurement from industrial plant
19. CAPE2020 Environmental Management and Air Quality
Prof. G..E. Andrews 2019/20
Contents
1. Introduction to the Air Quality and Environmental Management part of the module.
2. Introduction to legal framework for Air Quality legislation and the changes in the draft
Environment Bill
3. Health effects of air pollutants
4. Particulate air pollution and particle size distribution and the health effects of ultra-fine particles
5. Sources of Air pollution and Trends in emissions of pollutants that contribute to poor air quality.
6. Air quality Regulations
7. Air quality monitoring
8. Air quality limit value Regulations
9. Occupational exposure to pollution – COSHH
10. The Clean Air Acts
11. Meteorology and pollutant dispersion
12. Environmental Law
13. Town and Country Act planning law for Environmental Impact
14. Environmental Management in Industry
15. Preparing an Environmental Permit - examples
16. Emissions measurement from industrial plant
20. • Planning
– Controls the development and use of land in the public interest including
consideration of the impacts on the local environment and amenity
– Should assume that other regimes (e.g. Environmental Permitting
Regulations) operate effectively
• Environmental permitting
– Controls the impact on the environment and human health from the
process plant
– Ensures EU directive requirements are met including use of Best
Available Techniques (BAT)
– As a consultee to the planning process, the Environment Agency
comments on aspects relevant to the issue of a permit
Planning versus Permitting
21. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 21
Town and Country Planning (Environmental, Impact Assessment -
EIA) (England and Wales) Regulations 1999
Duxbury and Morton Statutes on Environmental Law 5th Ed. p.507-545, 2004
Implements EC Directive 85/337/EEC
Part 1 (3) Prohibition on granting planning permission without consideration of
environmental information.
3.2 The relevant planning authority or the Secretary of State or an
inspector shall not grant planning permission pursuant to an EIA
application for planning permission unless they have first taken the
environmental information into consideration and they shall state in
their decision that they have done so.
An ‘EIA application’ means an application for planning permission for EIA
development, which means development which is either (a) Schedule 1
development or (b) Schedule 2 development likely to have significant
effects on the environment by virtue of factors such as its nature, size
or location.
22. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 22
‘Environmental information’ means the environmental
statement, which means a statement –
(a) that includes such of the information referred to in Part 1 of
Schedule 4 as is reasonably required to assess the
environmental effects of the development and which the
applicant can, having regard in particular to current
knowledge and methods of assessment, reasonably be
required to compile, but
(b) that includes at least the information referred to in Part II of
Schedule 4.
Note that we will deal with the specifics of how to apply this law
and what is required in an environmental statement at the end
of the course. We are summarising the legal requirements here.
23. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 23
Schedule 1 development is the largest developments: airports
with runways >2,100m, crude oil refineries, >300MW thermal
power stations, nuclear power stations and nuclear reprocessing
sites (e.g. Sellafield), steel works and other metal manufacture
from ore, asbestos works, large chemical plants, construction
lines for main railways, motorway construction, inland
waterways (canals) construction, large road widening schemes,
waste disposal installations for incineration or chemical
treatment or landfill of hazardous waste, ground water
abstraction > 100 tonnes per day, waste water treatment plants,
petroleum or natural gas extraction, dams >10M m3 water
stored, massive poultry or pig farms, large paper and pulp
plants, large quarries, large petrochemical storage sites.
24. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 24
Schedule 2 developments are virtually all other industries that
are smaller than the size specified in Schedule 1, but still larger
than another minimum size or are not mentioned in Schedule 1.
The principles are to specify Schedule 1 or 2 on the quantity of
material or animals or power produced. Also in Schedule 2 the
area of land involved is also used in the criteria e.g. quarries <
1000 m2 new quarry area is Schedule 2 and >25 hectacres of
total quarry size is Schedule 1. Much of Schedule 2 refers to
extension of the land area of an existing facility and is usually
>1000 m2 new land area for Schedule 2. Smaller than this and no
EIA is required when planning permission is applied for.
25. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 25
Schedule 2 developments
1. Agriculture and aquaculture
2. Extractive Industries
3. Energy Industries
4. Production and Processing of Metals
5. Mineral Industry
6. Chemical Industry (unless in Schedule 1)
7. Food Industry
8. Textile, leather, wood and paper industries
9. Rubber industry
10. Infrastructure Project
11. Other Projects
12. Tourism and leisure
26. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 26
Schedule 4 – Information for inclusion in Environmental
Statements (Duxbury and Morton, Statutes in Env. Law 2004 p.544
Jack Rostron, Environmenental Law for the Built Environment, Cavendish 2001 p.61-75,
for a full discussion of the technical process of EIA.
Part 1 (Not compulsory but Part 2 is, can be asked for any or all
items in Part 1 by the Planning Officer)
1. Description of the development –
(a) physical characteristics and land-use requirements
during construction and operation.
(b) main characteristics of the production processes –
nature and quantity of materials used
(c) estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues and
emissions (water, air and soil pollution, noise, vibration,
light, heat, radiation, etc.)
2. Outline of the main alternatives studied and an indication
of the reasons for choice, taking into account the
environmental effects.
27. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 27
3. A description of the aspects of the environment likely to be
significantly affected by the development, including population,
fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climate factors, material assets,
architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and their
inter-relationships.
4. A description of the likely significant effects of the development
on the environment, which should cover the direct effects and
any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-
term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects
of the development, resulting from:
(a) The existence of the development
(b) The use of natural resources
(c) The emissions of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the
elimination of waste
And the description of the forecasting methods used.
28. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 28
5. Description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and
where possible offset any significant adverse effects on the
environment.
6. A non-technical summary of the information provided
7. An indication of any difficulties (technical deficiencies or lack
of know-how) encountered in compiling the required
information.
The ECs objective in adopting EIA was to prevent pollution at source by
requiring environmental information to be considered as part of the project
authorisation procedures and in the UK this has been done by incorporation
into the existing planning procedures. EIAs require the environmental effects
of a development to be considered by the developer and the information
provided to the planners to be used in their decision making process.
Hughes et al. Env. Law 4th Ed. 2002 p.207.
29. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 29
Part II (These are the minimum requirements for EIA)
1. A description of the development comprising information
on the site, design and size of the development.
2. A description of the measures envisaged in order to avoid,
reduce and, if possible, remedy significant adverse effects.
3. The data required to identify and assess the main effects
which the development is likely to have on the
environment.
4. An outline of the main alternative studied and an indication
of the main reasons for the choice, taking into account the
environmental effects.
5. A non-technical summary of the information.
30. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 30
Part V Publicity and procedures on submission of a EIA
13. Procedure where an EIA is submitted with the planning
application.
A key feature here is that the EIA is not made available for
public scrutiny.
14. Procedure where an EIA is submitted after the planning
application.
In this case the application has to be published in the local paper
stating that the EAI may be inspected by members of the
public and to give an address where this can be done,
which must be in the locality of the planning application.
31. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 31
Part VI Notification of Decisions
20. Availability of opinions for inspection
All the documents relating to the decision have to be kept for two years. A copy of
the opinion, request or direction and any accompanying statement of reasons
must be available for public inspection.
This does not include public access to the EIA.
21 Duties to inform the public and the Sec. State of the final decision.
(c) Make available for public inspection a statement:
(i) the content and conditions of the decision
(ii) the main reasons on which the decision was based
(iii) a description of the main measures to avoid, reduce and if possible offset
the major adverse effects of the development.
This still does not give the public access to the EIA. But this is the firsts time that the
public have access to the reasons that planning consent was given. There is
still no mechanism for the public (or any third party) to appeal against a
planning consent decision. Only the developer has the right of appeal if there
is a refusal of planning consent. The public can only make representation
before the plans are approved and the system of notification of a planning
application is deeply flawed. The whole system is weighted in favour of the
developer and against the public.
Jack Rostron Env. Law for the Built Environment, Cavendish, 2001, p.54.
32. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 32
Sustainable Planning Decision Making
Jack Rostron, Env. Law and the Built Environment, Cavendish, 2001, p.56-61.
Planning is not just about land use – there is also the issue of policy planning. This is
being driven at present in the EC by the ideal of sustainability, which grew out
of the no growth debate. The most commonly accepted definition of
sustainable development is that of the Brundtland Commission in 1987:
‘Sustainable development is development that meet the needs to the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs’
There are 3 core parts to sustainable development:
(a) Inclusion of environmental considerations in policy
(b) Commitment to a fair distribution of resources
(c) Development that acknowledges health, education and the
environment considerations.
The government has had a Sustainable development panel since 1994
33. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 33
Gateshead Metropolitan BC v. Secretary of State for the Environment
and Northumbrian Water Group plc. 1993
Wolf and Stanley on Environmental Law 2003 p.333
Wolf and White Environmental Law 1995 p. 338-342, Cavendish.
GMBC refused outline planning permission for a clinical waste
incinerator to be built in Gateshead by NWG. The refusal was based
on the grounds that NWG had failed to supply sufficient information
to demonstrate that the plant would operate without causing a
nuisance to the surrounding locality, including the possible release of
noxious substances. The NWG appealed to the Secretary of State
and a local public enquiry was held. This recommended that the
appeal was dismissed on the grounds that ‘the impact on air quality
and agriculture in the semi-rural location is insufficiently defined and
that public disquiet over dioxin pollution cannot be allayed and so
make the application acceptable’.
34. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 34
However, the Secretary of State for the Environment chose to act
against the public inquiry’s inspector’s recommendation and granted
planning permission. The Secretary of State accepted that the
pollution arising from the incinerator and its impact on neighbouring
land uses could constitute material considerations. However, he also
stated that:
‘While the planning system must determine the location of facilities
of this kind, taking into account of the provisions of the
development plan and other material considerations, the Secretary
of State considers that it is not the role of the planning system to
duplicate controls under the Environmental Protection Act 1990’
He went on to assert that the controls under the EPA were adequate
and control of emissions from the incinerator should be regulated by
HMIP (now EA).This would apply today to the IED being deemed
adequate control.
35. Environmental Management
Prof. Gordon E. Andrews, SCAPE, U. Leeds. 35
GMBC appealed against the Secretary of States decision, but their appeal was rejected
by both the High Court and the Court of Appeal.
The High Court held that the existence of a stringent pollution control regime under the
EPA or IED was a material consideration in a planning decision. Lord Justice Glidewell,
in the Court of Appeal, accepted that the two systems of control overlapped. However,
the Court of Appeal unheld the decision of the High Court and stated that the potential
for environmental pollution would be a material consideration when determining
planning applications but so would the existence of a system of environmental control
administered by pollution control authorities.
The impact of this judgement was that it could not be argued in a planning application
that the plant would not conform to statutory air and water pollution emission
requirements, as this was for the EA to enforce. The planning permission system could
be used to ensure that the correct equipment was fitted to control the pollution, but it
could not be assumed that the equipment would not work or would not be used – this
was for the EA to police.
36. CAPE2020 Environmental Management and Air Quality
Prof. G..E. Andrews 2019/20
Contents
1. Introduction to the Air Quality and Environmental Management part of the module.
2. Introduction to legal framework for Air Quality legislation and the changes in the draft
Environment Bill
3. Health effects of air pollutants
4. Particulate air pollution and particle size distribution and the health effects of ultra-fine particles
5. Sources of Air pollution and Trends in emissions of pollutants that contribute to poor air quality.
6. Air quality Regulations
7. Air quality monitoring
8. Air quality limit value Regulations
9. Occupational exposure to pollution – COSHH
10. The Clean Air Acts
11. Meteorology and pollutant dispersion
12. Environmental Law
13. Town and Country Act planning law for Environmental Impact
14. Environmental Management in Industry
15. Preparing an Environmental Permit - examples
16. Emissions measurement from industrial plant