This document discusses protein intake and malnutrition. It begins by defining malnutrition as insufficient or excessive intake of energy and nutrients. It then examines the links between inadequate protein intake and conditions like kwashiorkor and marasmus in children, as well as the links between excessive protein intake and health issues like obesity and diabetes. The document concludes by stating the recommended daily intake of protein is 0.8 g per kg of body weight.

1. TeoSN/2014
1. Define the term malnutrition.
2. Explain the link between inadequate/ excessive
intake of protein and common health problems.
3. State the recommended daily intake of protein.
Lesson Objectives
Proteins: Diet and Health
1

2. What is malnutrition
TeoSN/2014
Malnutrition occurs when there is
insufficient or excessive intake of
energy and nutrients in our diet.
2

3. How does insufficient
protein intake affect health
TeoSN/2014
Are you able to identify the effects of insufficient
protein based on the functions of proteins?
 Growth, repair and maintenance of body cells
 Formation of enzymes
 Maintain a healthy immune system
 As an energy reserve
3

4. TeoSN/2014
Internal organs become weak
Wounds will not be able to heal properly
Immune system may weaken
What happens when there is
severe lack of proteins in the diet?
How does insufficient
protein intake affect health
4

5. TeoSN/2014
Severe lack of proteins in
the diet can lead to protein
deficiency called:
PEMProtein-energy malnutrition
5

6. TeoSN/2014
PEMProtein-energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
6
Marasmus

7. Occurs especially in children
between 18 months old and
2 years old
TeoSN/2014
PEMProtein-energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
7

8. Symptoms:
Loss of hair colour
Thinning of hair
Patchy and scaly skin
Muscle wasting
Bloated stomach and edema
TeoSN/2014
PEMProtein-energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
8

9. Affects children between
6 and 8 months old
TeoSN/2014
PEMProtein-energy malnutrition
Marasmus
9

10. Symptoms:
‘Skin and bone’ appearance
(little fat and muscle)
Loss of muscle mass
Weakening of heart muscles
Retarded brain growth
Anaemia
TeoSN/2014
PEMProtein-energy malnutrition
Marasmus
10

11. TeoSN/2014
How does excessive protein
intake affect health
Puts more stress on the organs
Liver and kidneys are responsible
for getting rid of excess proteins
in our body
1
11

12. TeoSN/2014
Increased risk of diseases such as:
Obesity
Cardiovascular diseases
High blood pressure
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
How does excessive protein
intake affect health
Protein foods from animal
sources are usually high in
saturated fats and cholesterol.
2
12

13. So… How much protein
should we take in a day
TeoSN/2014 13

14. TeoSN/2014
• 0.8 g of proteins per kg of body weight
Recommended daily intake of protein
• 3 servings of meat and alternatives, including ½
serving of dairy or other high calcium products.
for a healthy person
14

15. TeoSN/2014
MEAT & ALTERNATIVES
Eat 2 – 3 servings daily
1 palm-sized piece meat, fish or poultry (90g)
5 medium prawns (90g)
3 eggs (150g)+
2 glasses++ milk (500ml)
2 slices cheese (40g)
2 small blocks soft beancurd (170g)
3/4 cup cooked pulses (peas, beans, lentils) (120g)
+ While 3 eggs are equivalent in protein content to the other items listed under the
meat and alternatives group, egg yolks are high in cholesterol. Thus, eat no more
than 4 egg yolks per week.
++ 1 glass = 250ml
15

16. TeoSN/2014
What about the protein requirements of
pregnant and lactating women, as well
as growing children?
What can you recall
about the functions
of proteins?
16

17. TeoSN/2014
Let’s Recap!
Definition of malnutrition
Explain link between inadequate intake of
protein and common health problems:
 Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Explain link between excessive intake of
protein and common health problems:
 Obesity, Cardiovascular diseases, High blood
pressure, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Recommended daily intake of protein
17