Weather describes current atmospheric conditions like temperature, precipitation and wind, while climate describes average weather conditions in a region over many years. Seasons are divisions of the year marked by characteristic weather patterns due to the Earth's position relative to the Sun. Weather stations continuously measure various weather elements like temperature, precipitation, wind, pressure and more using standardized instruments to collect comparable data.

2. What is weather?
Weather describes the
state of the atmosphere
at any particular time.
Weather can be
described in terms of
temperature,
precipitation (snow, rain
& hail), wind speed and
direction, visibility and
cloud amounts.

3. What is Climate?
Climate describes the
average weather of a
particular part of the
world at different times
of the year
In Britain we would
expect cool summers
and mild winters with
moderate rainfall
throughout the year

4. What are Seasons ?
Each of the four (or five, in some countries) divisions of
the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter and monsoon)
marked by particular weather patterns and daylight
hours, resulting from the earth's changing position with
regard to the sun is/are known as Season(s).

5. Climate of India
India’s climate can be classified as a hot tropical country,
except the northern states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu &
Kashmir , and Sikkim in the north-eastern hills, which have a
cooler, more continental influenced climate.
In most of India summer is very hot, begins in April and
continues till the beginning of October, when the monsoon
rains start to fall. The heat peaks in June with temperatures in
the northern plains and the west reach 45°C or more.
The monsoons hit the country during this period too. Moisture
laden trade winds sweep the country bringing heavy rains and
thunderstorms; sometimes these monsoon rains can be very
heavy, causing flooding and damage, especially along the big
Rivers i.e. Brahmaputra and Ganges. In the northern high
altitude mountains it snows through the winter and even
summer months are only mildly warm.

6. Seasons of India
Winter, occurring from December to March.
Summer or pre-monsoon season, lasting from April to June
(April to July in north-western India).
Monsoon or rainy season, lasting from July to September.
Autumn season, lasting from October to November.

7. Climate of the United Kingdom
You might have heard that it always rains in the United
Kingdom. It’s fair to say that it does rain a lot, and it
can be cloudy, but it is also said that London is drier
than Rome, New York, Brisbane, Rio de Janeiro, and
Tokyo! The reason people associate the UK with rain is
because the weather here is so unpredictable. The rain
can come at any time of year and on any day. You
might wake up to beautiful blue skies, only to be
soaked in rain a few hours later.
Although UK’s weather is unpredictable, it is rarely
extreme. In summer, the average temperature ranges
from 9–18C . On occasion, it can reach around 30C in
a heat wave, but this is rare. In winter the average is
between 2 -7C, but temperatures often drop to just
below 0C. Thankfully, most houses, buildings, trains

8. Seasons of UK
Spring (March, April and May).
Summer (June, July and August).
Autumn (September, October and November).
Winter (December, January and February)

9. The Weather Station
A weather station
makes continuous
measurements of
different aspects of the
weather.
Weather stations use
standard instruments
so that their readings
can be compared.

10. Temperature
Temperature is
recorded using
thermometers housed
inside a Stevenson
screen
Weather stations record
both air temperature
and the temperature of
the ground

11. Precipitation
Rainfall, snow, hail and
fog.
Rainfall is measured in
a raingauge.
Some raingauges
record rainfall
automatically whilst
others are emptied
everyday by an
observer

12. Wind
The direction and
strength of the wind are
both measured
A wind vane measures
direction
An anemometer records
strength
Wind strength can also be
measured using the
Beaufort Scale

13. Pressure
Pressure is the weight of
the atmosphere
When air rises pressure
falls
When air sinks pressure
increases
Pressure controls the
type of weather
Barometers and
barographs record
pressure