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Coriolis Effect and Monsoon Winds Explained
- 1. Place your screenshot here What do you see in the video? Where is this taking place? Why does it happen?!
- 3. In order to understand monsoon winds, it is important to first understand the Coriolis effect
- 4. Earth with the major latitudes and the air pressure belts.
- 5. Coriolis Effect Affects monsoon winds and other winds. As the earth rotates, the Coriolis effect causes winds to bend or deflect. Gustave Gaspard Coriolis (1792-1843)
- 6. “The Earth rotates from the West towards the East
- 7. Let’s start with the first set of slides Check this outtttt!
- 8. Coriolis Effect Strongest near the poles Weak in the tropics 0° 30° 30° 60° 60° 90°N Gustave Gaspard Coriolis (1792-1843) Not felt at the equator
- 9. Monsoon winds: Regional wind patterns that change direction seasonally Large-scale movement of air
- 10. Let’s Discover
- 11. Southwest Monsoon June to September Northern Hemisphere ⊙ Summer ⊙ Low pressure over Central Asia Southern Hemisphere ⊙ Winter ⊙ High pressure over Australia
- 13. W: Mangalore, India X: Chittagong, Bangladesh Southwest Monsoon
- 16. Northeast Monsoon October to February Northern Hemisphere ⊙ Winter ⊙ High pressure over Central Asia Southern Hemisphere ⊙ Summer ⊙ Low pressure over Australia
- 18. Northeast Monsoon Y: Darwin, Australia Z: Wadeye, Australia
- 23. MONSOON WINDS ⊙ Regional wind patterns that change direction seasonally. ⊙ Typically associated with seasonal variations in precipitation. ⊙ Monsoon winds are responsible for the seasonal intense rainfall and extreme dryness in parts of the world that experience monsoon climate.
- 24. Test yourself!
- 27. Climograph 1: Singapore, Singapore Climograph 2: Chittagong, Bangladesh Climograph 3: London, England What do you observe? What do you notice about the temperature? Highest temperature: ___________ Lowest temperature: ___________ Annual temp range: ___________ ( __________ ) Mean annual temp: ___________ ( __________ ) What do you notice about the rainfall? Total annual rainfall: ___________ ( _________ )
- 28. Describing Temperature Mean annual temperature Temperature range Above 30℃ = Very high Above 20℃ = High Below 10℃ = Low Above 30℃ = Very large 15℃ to 30℃ = Large 5℃ to 15℃ = Moderate Below 5℃ = Small Describing Rainfall Mean annual rainfall Above 1,500mm = Very high 1,000 to 1,500 = High 500 to 1,000 = Moderate 250 to 500 = Low Below 250 = Very low
- 29. Three Climatic Types (TB pg) 1. Equatorial Climate 2. Monsoon Climate 3. Cool Temperate Climate
- 31. ⊙ Located between 10° north and south of equator ⊙ High temperatures (27℃) throughout the year ⊙ Sun’s rays more concentrated in these areas ⊙ Small annual temperature range (2℃) 1. Equatorial Climate
- 32. ⊙ High relative humidity (over 80%) throughout the year (why?) ⊙ High temp water evaporates quickly forms clouds convectional rain ⊙ High total annual rainfall (more than 2,000 mm) ⊙ Rain generally falls throughout the year ⊙ No distinct wet/dry season 1. Equatorial Climate
- 33. ⊙ Located 5° and 25 ° north and south of equator ⊙ Further away from the equator ⊙ High mean annual temperature (but lower than equatorial climate) ⊙ Small annual temperature range (3-4℃) 2. Monsoon Climate
- 34. ⊙ Distinct wet and dry seasons due to monsoons ⊙ E.g. Chittagong, Bangladesh: (a) Wet season – Average 2,000mm (Jun to Sep) (b) Dry season – 750mm (Oct to May) 2. Monsoon Climate
- 35. 3. Cool Temperate Climate
- 36. ⊙ Located 45° and 60° north and south of equator ⊙ 4 distinct seasons (why??) ⊙ In winter: Mild winters, cool summers ⊙ Large annual temperature range (21℃) 3. Cool Temperate Climate
- 37. ⊙ Rainfall evenly distributed but lower than equatorial & monsoon ⊙ Total annual rainfall ranges between 300mm and 900mm ⊙ No distinct wet/dry seasons 3. Cool Temperate Climate
Editor's Notes
- Monsoon In Kerala, India https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnHPDp9-eNo Why does it happen? Specify that it is not convectional or relief rains What do you notice about the winds?
- Gustave Gaspard Coriolis (1792-1843)
- http://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/orthographic=-196.15,1.11,270 What do you observe when the winds move from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere? What happens to the direction of the winds?
- This brings about seasonal changes in precipitation. The levels of precipitation can either increase or decrease with the occurrence of monsoons and lead to wet or dry seasons.
- The impact of monsoon on the local weather is different from place to place. In some places there is just a likelihood of having a little more or less rain. In other places, quasi semi-deserts are turned into vivid green grasslands where all sorts of plants and crops can flourish. The Indian Monsoon turns large parts of India from a kind of semi-desert into green lands. See photos only taken 3 months apart in the Western Ghats. In places like this it is crucial for farmers to have the right timing for putting the seeds on the fields, as it is essential to use all the rain that is available for growing crops.