Searl-Effect Generator Design and Manufacturing Procedure
In this article, the design and manufacturing procedure for a Searl-Effect Generator (SEG) will be described. The SEG is a device that generates electricity using principles of magnetism and rotation. The generator consists of three main parts: the rotor, the stator, and the housing. The rotor is a metal disc that rotates around a stationary stator. The stator is made up of two electromagnets that create a rotating magnetic field. The housing holds everything together and provides a place for the wiring to connect to the generator.
The first step in building the SEG is to create the rotor. The rotor is made from a metal disc that is about 12 inches in diameter. A hole must be drilled in the center of the disc so that it can fit over the axle of the motor.
The document summarizes the Searl Effect Generator (SEG), a device invented by John Searl in 1946 that aims to provide unlimited clean energy. The SEG consists of concentric rings and magnetic rollers that spin perpetually due to interactions between the materials, including magnets, neodymium, and copper. When constructed correctly, these materials create a cycle of electron movement that produces more power than the device uses. The SEG works by using ambient temperature changes to power the rotation of magnetic rollers around concentric rings, inducing electric currents that can power external loads. The document describes the experimental setup of a one-ring SEG device constructed and tested based on Searl's theories.
The document provides an overview of nuclear batteries, including their historical development, energy production mechanisms, fuels, advantages, drawbacks, and applications. Nuclear batteries harness energy from radioactive decay through thermoelectric generators or betavoltaics to provide a long-lasting compact power source. They have potential applications in space, medical devices, mobile electronics, transportation, military equipment, and underwater sensors due to their longevity, safety, and lack of emissions. However, their initial production costs are high and existing regulations may limit their usage and disposal.
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of rotation of a shaft.
An electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principles of electromagnetic induction. It consists of a conductor that rotates inside a magnetic field, inducing currents to flow. As the conductor rotates, the direction of current changes, producing alternating current. For direct current, the generator has a separate metal slip ring and brushes attached to each end of the coil to allow current to flow in only one direction through the external circuit. Most power stations generate alternating current because it can be transmitted over long distances with little energy loss.
Steven Mark TPU, Tom Bearden MEG, Charles Flynn SSG, Floyd Sweet VTA secrets...niculaegeorge
This is a very old edition of the book. Download the latest revision here (permalink):
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByyeIdK8FssyLWJEQzlwTER2YTQ/edit?usp=sharing
This document describes the components and operation of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). It discusses the rotor, hub, nacelle, generator, controller, yaw system, tower, and foundation. Technological evolutions including increases in turbine height, blade diameter, and power output are also summarized. Global wind capacity has grown substantially, with the current world record held by an 8 MW turbine with a 164m diameter rotor.
The document discusses the key components of AC generators, including the field, armature, prime mover, rotor, and stator. It explains that the field produces a magnetic flux, the armature produces voltage as this flux cuts through it, and the prime mover provides rotational power. There are two main types of AC generators - those with a stationary field and rotating armature, and those with a rotating field and stationary armature. The rotating field, stationary armature type is commonly used for large power generation.
The document summarizes the Searl Effect Generator (SEG), a device invented by John Searl in 1946 that aims to provide unlimited clean energy. The SEG consists of concentric rings and magnetic rollers that spin perpetually due to interactions between the materials, including magnets, neodymium, and copper. When constructed correctly, these materials create a cycle of electron movement that produces more power than the device uses. The SEG works by using ambient temperature changes to power the rotation of magnetic rollers around concentric rings, inducing electric currents that can power external loads. The document describes the experimental setup of a one-ring SEG device constructed and tested based on Searl's theories.
The document provides an overview of nuclear batteries, including their historical development, energy production mechanisms, fuels, advantages, drawbacks, and applications. Nuclear batteries harness energy from radioactive decay through thermoelectric generators or betavoltaics to provide a long-lasting compact power source. They have potential applications in space, medical devices, mobile electronics, transportation, military equipment, and underwater sensors due to their longevity, safety, and lack of emissions. However, their initial production costs are high and existing regulations may limit their usage and disposal.
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of rotation of a shaft.
An electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principles of electromagnetic induction. It consists of a conductor that rotates inside a magnetic field, inducing currents to flow. As the conductor rotates, the direction of current changes, producing alternating current. For direct current, the generator has a separate metal slip ring and brushes attached to each end of the coil to allow current to flow in only one direction through the external circuit. Most power stations generate alternating current because it can be transmitted over long distances with little energy loss.
Steven Mark TPU, Tom Bearden MEG, Charles Flynn SSG, Floyd Sweet VTA secrets...niculaegeorge
This is a very old edition of the book. Download the latest revision here (permalink):
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByyeIdK8FssyLWJEQzlwTER2YTQ/edit?usp=sharing
This document describes the components and operation of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). It discusses the rotor, hub, nacelle, generator, controller, yaw system, tower, and foundation. Technological evolutions including increases in turbine height, blade diameter, and power output are also summarized. Global wind capacity has grown substantially, with the current world record held by an 8 MW turbine with a 164m diameter rotor.
The document discusses the key components of AC generators, including the field, armature, prime mover, rotor, and stator. It explains that the field produces a magnetic flux, the armature produces voltage as this flux cuts through it, and the prime mover provides rotational power. There are two main types of AC generators - those with a stationary field and rotating armature, and those with a rotating field and stationary armature. The rotating field, stationary armature type is commonly used for large power generation.
Inter Connected Power System(Turbine Speed Governing Mechanism)Raviraj solanki
Inter Connected Power SystemTOPIC : Turbine Speed Governing Mechanism
Introduction
Turbine Speed Governing Mechanism
Mathematical Modeling
Adjustment Of Governor Characteristics
The speed governing system consists of the following parts .
Speed governor
Linkage mechanism
Hydraulic amplifier
Speed changer
The document summarizes a webinar on energy storage systems (ESS). It discusses key topics from the webinar, including standards to support ESS development, ensuring safety of ESS, and the webinar time programme. Standards addressed ESS functions, testing, monitoring, and technical/regulatory challenges. Safety considerations included guidelines for ESS installation locations, protections from fire/physical hazards, equipment for emergency shutdown. Speakers from the Energy Market Authority, GenPlus, Singapore Civil Defence Force, and Sunseap discussed TR 77:2020 technical reference, benefits to industry, key fire safety issues, and Singapore's first utility-scale ESS test-bed respectively.
The document discusses properties of the sun including its internal temperature of over 20 million degrees Kelvin due to nuclear fusion reactions, its total power output of 9.5 x 1025 W, and concepts like the zenith angle, solar insolation, and optimal tilt angles for capturing direct solar radiation. It provides insolation data for different dates and latitudes to quantify available solar power throughout the year.
This presentation summarizes the operation of a star-delta starter circuit used to protect motors. It begins with an introduction of the presenters and topic. Then, it explains that a star-delta starter uses three contactors, a timer, and overload protection to initially connect the motor in a star configuration, providing lower starting current and torque. After a set time, it switches to a delta configuration to provide full voltage and torque. Key advantages are simple operation, lower cost than other starting methods, and good torque-current performance, while disadvantages include low starting torque and needing a six-terminal motor.
An opto-electric nuclear battery is a device that converts nuclear energy into light, which it then uses to generate electrical energy. A beta-emitter such as technetium-99 or strontium-90 is suspended in a gas or liquid containing luminescent gas molecules of the excimer type, constituting a "dust plasma." This permits a nearly lossless emission of beta electrons from the emitting dust particles
This document discusses permanent magnet motors and magnetic generators that can produce energy without using fuel. It describes ShenHe Wang's 5-kilowatt permanent magnet generator that was suppressed from public display by the Chinese government. It also summarizes John Ecklin's magnetic shielding generator patent and the Ecklin-Brown generator, which use rotating magnetic shields to fluctuate magnetic fields and drive generators. The document argues that governments suppress free-energy devices to maintain control over power supplies and citizens.
Nuclear batteries generate electricity through radioactive decay without nuclear fission. They can operate for 10-100 years. Common radioactive isotopes used include tritium, nickel-63, promethium-147, and plutonium-238. There are two main types - thermal converters that use heat from decay and non-thermal converters that use charged particles. Applications include power sources for spacecraft, pacemakers, and remote scientific stations due to their extremely long life and high energy density. Advantages are long lifespan, reliable power, and use of nuclear waste as fuel, while disadvantages include high production costs and regulatory hurdles.
Wind turbines use power electronics like doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) consisting of wound rotors, induction generators, and AC/DC/AC converters. DFIGs allow variable speed operation, reduce converter size/cost, and enable reactive power control. They work by converting the turbine's mechanical energy to electrical energy. The stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is fed at variable frequency by the converter. The converter controls the rotor speed and active/reactive power flow. DFIGs offer advantages like low losses, compact design, and speed regulation from ±20-25% but have disadvantages like slip ring maintenance and complex control.
This document provides details about the subject Electrical Machines taught by Mrs. A. Sangari and Mrs. P.T. Subasini. The subject code is 131307 and it covers DC generators in the first unit, including their construction details, the emf equation, methods of excitation for self and separately excited generators, and the characteristics and parallel operation of series, shunt, and compound generators.
Nuclear batteries generate electricity through the decay of radioactive isotopes without using nuclear fission. They have long lifespans ranging from decades and are used to power remote and unmanned equipment such as spacecraft, pacemakers, and scientific stations. Nuclear batteries convert radioactive energy into electricity through either thermal or non-thermal methods. Thermal methods include thermionic converters and radioisotope thermoelectric generators, while non-thermal methods include betavoltaic and alphavoltaic cells. While nuclear batteries provide reliable, compact power, their development and use faces challenges associated with the high costs and regulations surrounding radioactive materials.
This presentation provides an overview of induction motors. It begins by defining an electric motor as a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It then classifies motors as either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The presentation focuses on AC induction motors, which are the most common type used in industry due to their simple design, low cost, and ease of maintenance. It describes the basic components and operation of an induction motor, including its stator, rotor, and how rotational motion is produced through electromagnetic induction. It also discusses two common rotor types - squirrel cage and wound rotor - and defines the concept of slip in induction motors.
The Greeks discovered that amber rubbed with fur could attract and repel light objects, demonstrating static electricity. Otto von Guerike produced sparks by rubbing sulfur, connecting small static sparks to lightning. Benjamin Franklin proved this connection by flying a kite in a thunderstorm. Later, Galvani accidentally discovered that electricity from a Leyden jar caused frog leg muscles to contract, believing the legs produced electricity. However, Volta showed the contractions were caused by the metals in contact with the frog's salty moisture, and he invented the first battery by stacking copper and zinc plates in salt water.
The document discusses nuclear batteries, which generate electricity through radioactive decay without relying on nuclear fission. It describes how nuclear batteries work via betavoltaics or direct charging generators using radioactive isotopes like radium-226 as fuel. Nuclear batteries have long lifespans of over 10 years, are compact and lightweight, and produce reliable electricity making them well-suited for applications in space, medical devices, and mobile electronics where extended battery life is needed. However, high production costs and regulatory issues related to radioactive materials need to be addressed for nuclear batteries to gain widespread use.
The document describes a proposed free energy generator that could generate electricity without using fossil fuels or other conventional energy sources. It discusses two proposed methods - a mechanical method using motors and generators, and an electronic method using components like inductors and capacitors. The objective is to develop a self-powered system that recycles the electricity it produces to power itself continuously. Several advantages are described, such as being eco-friendly and economical. However, more development is still needed to improve the design before it could be implemented beyond domestic use.
This document summarizes a technical presentation on electromagnetic bombs (E-bombs). E-bombs use an intense electromagnetic pulse to paralyze enemy communication systems without harming humans. They work by generating an electromagnetic shock wave using flux compression generators or a virtual cathode oscillator. E-bombs could target fixed installations, radiating vehicles, or non-radiating targets. They offer advantages like being non-lethal while disabling electronics over large areas, with potential military applications in electronic warfare or strategic attacks on infrastructure. However, delivering E-bombs effectively remains challenging.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic power systems. It discusses key terminology related to electricity and PV systems. The document describes the main components of grid-tied PV systems including solar modules, inverters, wiring, and batteries. It also covers factors to consider when selecting sites and mounting structures for solar arrays. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction and reference for understanding the basic workings of grid-tied residential solar power systems.
This document discusses piezoelectric ultrasonic motors. It begins with an introduction and overview of the presentation structure. It then describes the construction of ultrasonic motors as having a stator made of piezoelectric ceramic and an elastic body, along with a rotor, with no magnets or coils. It explains the principal operation of ultrasonic motors using piezoelectric effect to generate vibrations from an electric field. It classifies ultrasonic motors into standing wave, propagating wave, and traveling wave types and describes their operating mechanisms. It outlines applications and advantages of ultrasonic motors.
After a blackout
If a blackout (a near total loss of generation and load) takes place, efforts have to be taken to bring back the
system to a normal state at the earliest. It may surprise you to know that this (black starting!) is not an easy
task. We shall see why in this lecture.
Once a generator is tripped, restarting it requires a significant amount of power. Power is required for 2 types of
activities:
a) Survival Power: For emergency lighting, battery chargers etc. Usually the requirement is 0.3% of the
generator capacity.
b)
Startup Power: For starting power plant auxiliaries (pumps etc.) Interestingly, nuclear and thermal units
require approximately 8 % of the unit capacity for auxiliaries alone! Therefore, a 500 MW generator
requires approximately 40 MW for running its auxiliaries.
Hydro and Gas units, on the other hand, require only about 0.5-2% of unit capacity for auxiliaries and can be
started usually from in-house DG sets.
The major steps required for restoration are:
a) Islands which have survived need to be stabilised for frequency and need to be used for starting other
units
b) Hydro/Gas units which require less startup power need to be started using in-house DG sets.
c) Larger thermal units need to be fed "startup power" from: 1) Islands which have survived 2)
Blackstarted generators 3) Other synchronous grids (temporarily)
d) Started units are synchronised with one another.
e) Loads and Generation have to be matched as much as possible to avoid large frequency variations.
Governors have a major role in stabilizing frequency in an island.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses the history of wind energy usage dating back to ancient Egypt. It then explains how modern wind turbines work to generate electricity and the key components. The document outlines the two main types of wind turbines - horizontal axis and vertical axis. It also covers considerations for wind turbine design like the number of blades and tower height. Additionally, it provides details on wind energy projects and development in Egypt, specifically the large Zafarana wind farms. The goal of the document is to convey useful information about wind energy to the reader.
Summer Training Report on Maintenance of the Electric Loco'sSanjeevchhanchhia52
The document describes the construction of a solenoid electric engine made by students as a class project. It includes 6 steps to construct the engine using 4 AC solenoid coils connected to a DC motor that controls the power supply to the coils. The components used are listed along with details of the solenoid coils and applications of electromechanical solenoids.
The document describes the Mini-Romag generator designed by Jean-Louis Naudin. The generator uses magnetic fields and currents to produce electricity without external input. It must be started by an external motor for 42 seconds to establish the magnetic energy flow. Then it can generate 3.5 volts and 7 amps of free DC power to sustain itself. Detailed instructions and a parts list are provided to build the generator, which works by harnessing and recycling magnetic energy through its coils and permanent magnets.
Inter Connected Power System(Turbine Speed Governing Mechanism)Raviraj solanki
Inter Connected Power SystemTOPIC : Turbine Speed Governing Mechanism
Introduction
Turbine Speed Governing Mechanism
Mathematical Modeling
Adjustment Of Governor Characteristics
The speed governing system consists of the following parts .
Speed governor
Linkage mechanism
Hydraulic amplifier
Speed changer
The document summarizes a webinar on energy storage systems (ESS). It discusses key topics from the webinar, including standards to support ESS development, ensuring safety of ESS, and the webinar time programme. Standards addressed ESS functions, testing, monitoring, and technical/regulatory challenges. Safety considerations included guidelines for ESS installation locations, protections from fire/physical hazards, equipment for emergency shutdown. Speakers from the Energy Market Authority, GenPlus, Singapore Civil Defence Force, and Sunseap discussed TR 77:2020 technical reference, benefits to industry, key fire safety issues, and Singapore's first utility-scale ESS test-bed respectively.
The document discusses properties of the sun including its internal temperature of over 20 million degrees Kelvin due to nuclear fusion reactions, its total power output of 9.5 x 1025 W, and concepts like the zenith angle, solar insolation, and optimal tilt angles for capturing direct solar radiation. It provides insolation data for different dates and latitudes to quantify available solar power throughout the year.
This presentation summarizes the operation of a star-delta starter circuit used to protect motors. It begins with an introduction of the presenters and topic. Then, it explains that a star-delta starter uses three contactors, a timer, and overload protection to initially connect the motor in a star configuration, providing lower starting current and torque. After a set time, it switches to a delta configuration to provide full voltage and torque. Key advantages are simple operation, lower cost than other starting methods, and good torque-current performance, while disadvantages include low starting torque and needing a six-terminal motor.
An opto-electric nuclear battery is a device that converts nuclear energy into light, which it then uses to generate electrical energy. A beta-emitter such as technetium-99 or strontium-90 is suspended in a gas or liquid containing luminescent gas molecules of the excimer type, constituting a "dust plasma." This permits a nearly lossless emission of beta electrons from the emitting dust particles
This document discusses permanent magnet motors and magnetic generators that can produce energy without using fuel. It describes ShenHe Wang's 5-kilowatt permanent magnet generator that was suppressed from public display by the Chinese government. It also summarizes John Ecklin's magnetic shielding generator patent and the Ecklin-Brown generator, which use rotating magnetic shields to fluctuate magnetic fields and drive generators. The document argues that governments suppress free-energy devices to maintain control over power supplies and citizens.
Nuclear batteries generate electricity through radioactive decay without nuclear fission. They can operate for 10-100 years. Common radioactive isotopes used include tritium, nickel-63, promethium-147, and plutonium-238. There are two main types - thermal converters that use heat from decay and non-thermal converters that use charged particles. Applications include power sources for spacecraft, pacemakers, and remote scientific stations due to their extremely long life and high energy density. Advantages are long lifespan, reliable power, and use of nuclear waste as fuel, while disadvantages include high production costs and regulatory hurdles.
Wind turbines use power electronics like doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) consisting of wound rotors, induction generators, and AC/DC/AC converters. DFIGs allow variable speed operation, reduce converter size/cost, and enable reactive power control. They work by converting the turbine's mechanical energy to electrical energy. The stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is fed at variable frequency by the converter. The converter controls the rotor speed and active/reactive power flow. DFIGs offer advantages like low losses, compact design, and speed regulation from ±20-25% but have disadvantages like slip ring maintenance and complex control.
This document provides details about the subject Electrical Machines taught by Mrs. A. Sangari and Mrs. P.T. Subasini. The subject code is 131307 and it covers DC generators in the first unit, including their construction details, the emf equation, methods of excitation for self and separately excited generators, and the characteristics and parallel operation of series, shunt, and compound generators.
Nuclear batteries generate electricity through the decay of radioactive isotopes without using nuclear fission. They have long lifespans ranging from decades and are used to power remote and unmanned equipment such as spacecraft, pacemakers, and scientific stations. Nuclear batteries convert radioactive energy into electricity through either thermal or non-thermal methods. Thermal methods include thermionic converters and radioisotope thermoelectric generators, while non-thermal methods include betavoltaic and alphavoltaic cells. While nuclear batteries provide reliable, compact power, their development and use faces challenges associated with the high costs and regulations surrounding radioactive materials.
This presentation provides an overview of induction motors. It begins by defining an electric motor as a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It then classifies motors as either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The presentation focuses on AC induction motors, which are the most common type used in industry due to their simple design, low cost, and ease of maintenance. It describes the basic components and operation of an induction motor, including its stator, rotor, and how rotational motion is produced through electromagnetic induction. It also discusses two common rotor types - squirrel cage and wound rotor - and defines the concept of slip in induction motors.
The Greeks discovered that amber rubbed with fur could attract and repel light objects, demonstrating static electricity. Otto von Guerike produced sparks by rubbing sulfur, connecting small static sparks to lightning. Benjamin Franklin proved this connection by flying a kite in a thunderstorm. Later, Galvani accidentally discovered that electricity from a Leyden jar caused frog leg muscles to contract, believing the legs produced electricity. However, Volta showed the contractions were caused by the metals in contact with the frog's salty moisture, and he invented the first battery by stacking copper and zinc plates in salt water.
The document discusses nuclear batteries, which generate electricity through radioactive decay without relying on nuclear fission. It describes how nuclear batteries work via betavoltaics or direct charging generators using radioactive isotopes like radium-226 as fuel. Nuclear batteries have long lifespans of over 10 years, are compact and lightweight, and produce reliable electricity making them well-suited for applications in space, medical devices, and mobile electronics where extended battery life is needed. However, high production costs and regulatory issues related to radioactive materials need to be addressed for nuclear batteries to gain widespread use.
The document describes a proposed free energy generator that could generate electricity without using fossil fuels or other conventional energy sources. It discusses two proposed methods - a mechanical method using motors and generators, and an electronic method using components like inductors and capacitors. The objective is to develop a self-powered system that recycles the electricity it produces to power itself continuously. Several advantages are described, such as being eco-friendly and economical. However, more development is still needed to improve the design before it could be implemented beyond domestic use.
This document summarizes a technical presentation on electromagnetic bombs (E-bombs). E-bombs use an intense electromagnetic pulse to paralyze enemy communication systems without harming humans. They work by generating an electromagnetic shock wave using flux compression generators or a virtual cathode oscillator. E-bombs could target fixed installations, radiating vehicles, or non-radiating targets. They offer advantages like being non-lethal while disabling electronics over large areas, with potential military applications in electronic warfare or strategic attacks on infrastructure. However, delivering E-bombs effectively remains challenging.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic power systems. It discusses key terminology related to electricity and PV systems. The document describes the main components of grid-tied PV systems including solar modules, inverters, wiring, and batteries. It also covers factors to consider when selecting sites and mounting structures for solar arrays. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction and reference for understanding the basic workings of grid-tied residential solar power systems.
This document discusses piezoelectric ultrasonic motors. It begins with an introduction and overview of the presentation structure. It then describes the construction of ultrasonic motors as having a stator made of piezoelectric ceramic and an elastic body, along with a rotor, with no magnets or coils. It explains the principal operation of ultrasonic motors using piezoelectric effect to generate vibrations from an electric field. It classifies ultrasonic motors into standing wave, propagating wave, and traveling wave types and describes their operating mechanisms. It outlines applications and advantages of ultrasonic motors.
After a blackout
If a blackout (a near total loss of generation and load) takes place, efforts have to be taken to bring back the
system to a normal state at the earliest. It may surprise you to know that this (black starting!) is not an easy
task. We shall see why in this lecture.
Once a generator is tripped, restarting it requires a significant amount of power. Power is required for 2 types of
activities:
a) Survival Power: For emergency lighting, battery chargers etc. Usually the requirement is 0.3% of the
generator capacity.
b)
Startup Power: For starting power plant auxiliaries (pumps etc.) Interestingly, nuclear and thermal units
require approximately 8 % of the unit capacity for auxiliaries alone! Therefore, a 500 MW generator
requires approximately 40 MW for running its auxiliaries.
Hydro and Gas units, on the other hand, require only about 0.5-2% of unit capacity for auxiliaries and can be
started usually from in-house DG sets.
The major steps required for restoration are:
a) Islands which have survived need to be stabilised for frequency and need to be used for starting other
units
b) Hydro/Gas units which require less startup power need to be started using in-house DG sets.
c) Larger thermal units need to be fed "startup power" from: 1) Islands which have survived 2)
Blackstarted generators 3) Other synchronous grids (temporarily)
d) Started units are synchronised with one another.
e) Loads and Generation have to be matched as much as possible to avoid large frequency variations.
Governors have a major role in stabilizing frequency in an island.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses the history of wind energy usage dating back to ancient Egypt. It then explains how modern wind turbines work to generate electricity and the key components. The document outlines the two main types of wind turbines - horizontal axis and vertical axis. It also covers considerations for wind turbine design like the number of blades and tower height. Additionally, it provides details on wind energy projects and development in Egypt, specifically the large Zafarana wind farms. The goal of the document is to convey useful information about wind energy to the reader.
Summer Training Report on Maintenance of the Electric Loco'sSanjeevchhanchhia52
The document describes the construction of a solenoid electric engine made by students as a class project. It includes 6 steps to construct the engine using 4 AC solenoid coils connected to a DC motor that controls the power supply to the coils. The components used are listed along with details of the solenoid coils and applications of electromechanical solenoids.
The document describes the Mini-Romag generator designed by Jean-Louis Naudin. The generator uses magnetic fields and currents to produce electricity without external input. It must be started by an external motor for 42 seconds to establish the magnetic energy flow. Then it can generate 3.5 volts and 7 amps of free DC power to sustain itself. Detailed instructions and a parts list are provided to build the generator, which works by harnessing and recycling magnetic energy through its coils and permanent magnets.
The document provides information about solenoids and DC motors. It defines a solenoid as a coil that produces a magnetic field when electric current passes through it. Solenoids are used to create controlled magnetic fields and can act as electromagnets. The document also describes various applications of solenoids such as in valves, switches, starters, and linear actuators. It then discusses DC motors and how they work using electromagnetic principles and a commutator to reverse polarity and keep the motor rotating. A fan regulator circuit is also shown that uses a variable resistor to control current and dim a lamp.
Role of Particle accelerators in Radiotherapysangeethamani26
Particle accelerators use electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles like electrons to high speeds and energies. They are categorized as either electrostatic accelerators, which use static electric fields, or oscillating field accelerators, which use time-varying electric fields to accelerate particles to extremely high energies. Examples of particle accelerators discussed in the document include the Van de Graff generator, cyclotron, betatron, and microtron. The Van de Graff generator uses a moving belt to build up a large electric charge on a hollow metal sphere. Cyclotrons accelerate particles using static magnetic and oscillating electric fields. Betatrons accelerate electrons using the electric field induced by a varying magnetic field. Microtrons also accelerate electrons
Superconducting magnets on Material ScienceSneheshDutta
Superconducting Magnets application and properties. ppt on Superconducting Magnets. I’ve done a bit of research recently into superconducting magnets and this time the research was jointly funded by the NASA Human Exploration Research Applications Project (HERP) and NASA’s Office of Space Science. This research was initiated at MIT’s Laboratory for Materials and Energy Sciences and involved the use of NASA’s Centaur upper stage for sounding rockets.
This document provides information on learning outcomes, misconceptions, and a brief history of magnetism and electromagnetism. The key learning outcomes are to describe the behavior of permanent magnets and how magnetic fields arise from moving charges. The brief history section outlines important discoveries and developments in electromagnetism from 1600 to the 1860s, including Oersted's discovery relating electricity and magnetism. Misconceptions discussed include that all metals are magnetic and that static charges interact with magnet poles.
This document proposes a system to generate electricity using magnetic repulsion. It consists of a magnetic frame that rotates due to repulsion between magnets, causing an alternator shaft to spin and produce electricity. The electricity is stepped up via a transformer and amplified with a power amplifier before powering loads. Fan blades on the alternator shaft can also circulate water to cool the system. The system aims to provide a renewable energy source using freely rotating machines and magnetic repulsion.
This kind of Van de Graaff generator is made up of:
• A motor
• Two rollers
• A belt
• Two brush assemblies
• An output terminal (usually a metal or aluminum sphere)
The strong negative charge from the roller now begins to do two things:
1. It repels the electrons near the tips of the lower brush assembly.
2. It begins to strip nearby air molecules of their electrons.
Applications:
1. It is used to generate x-rays, which is widely used in medicine field.
2. It is used in atom smasher’s, which is used in research purposes.
3. It found applications in physics, medicine, and astro physics.
Magnets have north and south poles and like poles repel while unlike poles attract. There are permanent magnets made from iron alloys and electric magnets created by running current through a coil of wire. The magnetic field around a magnet gets weaker with distance from its poles. Electromagnets are useful because their poles can be reversed by switching current direction. Motors use electromagnets and permanent magnets to convert electrical energy to mechanical motion via electromagnetic induction. Generators operate on the same principles but convert mechanical motion to electrical energy. Transformers increase or decrease voltage in power grids to safely deliver electricity to homes.
This document describes a proposed technology for highly efficient water heating using magnetron effects. It begins by providing background on previous work exploring this approach. It then describes the operating principle of a magnetron, how electrons move and interact with electromagnetic waves in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. Experimental results are presented showing increased heating efficiency in a "sub-critical mode" providing confirmation the approach is viable. Finally, it outlines proposals for further developing the technology, including patenting, designing prototypes from 1-100kW, and eventually industrial-scale heaters of 100kW or more.
This document discusses the basics of generator operation, including:
1) The elementary AC generator consists of a conductor loop rotating through a magnetic field, which induces alternating current as the field is cut.
2) Synchronous generators precisely control voltage, frequency, and power output through regulators and governors that control field excitation.
3) Generators can operate independently or in parallel by matching frequency and synchronizing voltage with other generators on a power system.
Mrs. Dharani Venkatesh provided guidance and support to help the student successfully complete their physics project. The Principal, Vice Principal, and Correspondent also supported the student by giving them the opportunity to do this mini project. Finally, the student's parents and friends helped finalize the project within the limited time frame.
The document discusses various topics related to electrical circuits and measurements. It provides definitions for Ohm's law and its limitations, describes the differences between moving coil and moving iron instruments, lists the operating forces in indicating instruments, and defines terms like RMS value and power factor. It also gives examples of circuit analysis questions and explains the construction and working of a single phase energy meter in detail over multiple paragraphs.
basic electrical and electronics engineeringmorin moli
This document provides information about electrical circuits and measurements. It includes:
1. Definitions of Ohm's law and explanations of its limitations.
2. Comparisons of moving coil and moving iron instruments, listing their key differences.
3. Explanations of the operating forces in indicating instruments.
4. Details on errors that occur in different types of instruments.
5. Worked examples calculating values like impedance and power in given circuits.
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It works through electromagnetic principles - when electricity passes through a coil wrapped around an axle, it creates a magnetic field that causes the axle to rotate. The main parts of an electric motor are the rotor (coil wrapped axle), stator (magnets providing a magnetic field), and commutator (reverses current to ensure consistent rotation). Electric motors are widely used to power devices from appliances to vehicles.
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Searl Technology
1. Searl Technology
Julio C. Gobbi1
2020, 22 April
ABSTRACT: This article aims to demonstrate that John Searl developed a magnetic
system that can be used for electrical energy generation and discoid craft propulsion.
His experiments on rotating magnets gave him the understanding about how to gather
electrostatic charges from the atmosphere as an electric current source. The base of his
discoveries is a device called SEG, an apparatus done with a magnetic ring and several
magnetic rollers turning around it. It will be developed a first mathematical approach to
quantify his SEG generator and IGV propulsion systems.
KEYWORDS: magnetic plate, magnetic roller, SEG generator, IGV propulsion, gyro
cell.
Contents
1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
2 Description of the SEG.....................................................................................................................2
3 How the SEG Works.........................................................................................................................4
4 The SEG Energy Generator..............................................................................................................6
4.1 High Voltage System.................................................................................................................6
4.2 Low Voltage System...............................................................................................................10
5 The IGV Propulsion System...........................................................................................................14
5.1 Magnetic Propulsion System..................................................................................................15
5.2 Mechanical Propulsion System 1............................................................................................18
5.3 Mechanical Propulsion System 2............................................................................................19
6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................21
1 Introduction
John Robert Roy Searl, from England, developed several self-powered devices between the
years 1946 and 1956. Searl's original idea was that free electrons from rotating metallic bodies tend
to move in the radial direction, due to inertial forces. Thus, an electric potential developed between
the center and the periphery of a rotating disk and between the inner and outer edges of a rotating
ring. He also maintained the view that the electromotive force induced in rotating bodies due to the
Earth's magnetic field could be used to generate electrical energy. His early experiments showed
tiny voltages in the radial direction of high-speed steel discs and rings. [1]
Initially, Searl suggested that the devices could be composed of segmented rings of
permanent magnets, interleaved with insulating spaces in the same plane, and the whole set would
be put in rotation. The energy of the magnets would be transformed into electrical energy by placing
electromagnetic coils on the periphery of the rotating device.
1 E-mail: solismagnus@gmail.com
2. 2 Searl Technology
In an experiment carried out in open air with a generator of 90 cm in diameter with three
rings composed of magnetic segments in the same plane, with a number of induction coils on the
periphery, the armature was set in motion by a small motor. The device produced an electrostatic
potential of the order of 1 MVolts in the radial direction at relatively low speed, indicated by static
effects on nearby objects, crackling and the smell of ozone. The generator levitated while increasing
the speed of rotation and acquired a bluish glow, broke the connection between itself and the
machine, and rose to a height of 15 meters. There it stopped for a short time, still increasing the
rotation speed and it was surrounded by a pink halo, which indicates ionization of the air at very
reduced pressure. Local radio receivers turned on by themselves. Finally, the entire generator
accelerated to fantastic speed and disappeared into the stratosphere.
After some time, Searl started
experiments with permanent magnets
in rotation, which resulted in a
considerable improvement in the
results. Observing the inertial and
gyroscopic effects of balls in high
rotation, Searl developed a device
where a stationary ring (called plate)
was surrounded by a number of rollers
made of magnetic material, forcing
them to rotate on their own axis and
simultaneously revolving around the
ring, rotating them with a motor and
thus producing voltages of the order of
30 kVolts.
At a certain critical speed,
some of the generators suddenly
entered a positive feedback operating mode that spontaneously ran without any mechanical
connection to the engine. With the progress of the tests, this critical speed was reduced almost to
zero by careful design and increasing the number of rollers and, eventually, it was possible to
produce self-starting generators.
Searl found that when the generators were operating, the air pressure decreased in and
around the generator. With voltages greater than 30 kVolts, the air movement was directed out of the
periphery of the generators and a candle light placed in the center of the generator ring went out due
to lack of oxygen. This decrease in air pressure would explain the absence of electrical discharges
between the central plate and the rollers. It also observed a decrease in temperature near and inside
the generators. Objects placed inside the generator ring have lost their weight.
2 Description of the SEG
The basic unit of the Searl Effect Generator – SEG consists of a magnetic stationary ring,
called plate, and a number of magnetic cylindrical wheels called rollers. The rollers are arranged
around the plate and held in position by magnetic attraction. During operation, each roller spins
around its axis and simultaneously orbits the plate. Experience has shown that the output power
increases when the number of rollers increases and, to achieve smooth operation, the ratio between
the outer diameter of the plate and the diameter of the rollers must be a positive integer greater than
or equal to 12. The choice of this proportion allows to achieve a resonant mode of magnetic
spinning wave (magnetic vortex) between the mobile elements of the device. It was also observed
that the space between adjacent rollers must be greater than the diameter of a roller.
The plate and rollers are magnetized with a process that superimposes AC (100 mA,
10MHz) and DC (180 A * loop) for each magnet to acquire a specific pattern of magnetic poles
Figure 1: Magnetic central ring (plate) and rollers.
3. Searl Technology 3
recorded on two tracks, which consists of an individual number of poles north and south,
corresponding to the AC frequency used in the magnetization process. The magnetic materials used
are combined with other elements of the Periodic Table not involved in the magnetization process
through a sintering process, putting them all together under pressure.
One of these rollers used in the original experiments was analyzed qualitatively and the
presence of the following elements was demonstrated: aluminum, silicon, sulfur, titanium,
neodymium, iron. Basically, each roller consists of a core of magnetized ferromagnetic material,
one or two layers of dielectric material capable of storing electric charges (being electrified) and, on
the outer layer, a material that is a good electricity conductor. In one of the projects, the sequence of
materials used on the plate and on the rollers was from the inside to the outside: Neodymium,
Nylon, Iron, Titanium.
When the SEG is used in an electrical plant, induction coils with a core of mild steel, silicon
steel or high permeability ferrite with a “C” shape must be placed on the periphery of the plate, so
that the rollers pass through their air gap. The magnetic field of the rollers, when passing through
the air gap of the coil cores, induces an electric potential in the coils. The coils are connected in
series or parallel; its number of turns and diameter are calculated for the maximum load of the
system. The SEG generator therefore behaves like a primary impeller, where the generation of
energy is done in the same way as any generator that depends on a primary force.
The rollers are attracted magnetically by the plate and are positioned vertically with the
polarity reversed. While the rollers are with the South pole up, the plate will be with the North pole
up. When in operation, the rollers do not touch the plate, so there is no friction. Due to the magnetic
repulsion between the rollers, they remain positioned equidistant from each other and all move
together in the same direction.
The system has a radial flow of electrons that depart from the center to the periphery of the
generator, which lowers its temperature, reducing its electrical resistance. The greater the load
connected on the induction coils, the greater the acceleration of the rollers and the lower the
temperature. The system self-adjusts until a critical point is found. At a temperature of 4 Kelvin, the
SEG becomes superconducting and completely loses its electrical resistance. At this point it
levitates, enveloped in a perfect vacuum caused by the movement of electrons that collide with the
air and dissociate and ionize it. Without control, it accelerates until it disappears into space. To
control it, a powerful radio frequency transmitter is required, which is of the same frequency used to
magnetize the rollers.
Figure 2: Basic unit called gyro cell.
4. 4 Searl Technology
More complex units can be made by mounting additional plates and rollers to the basic unit.
Each section consists of a plate with its corresponding rollers placed concentrically on the same
plane as the first section, so the subsequent plates will be larger, the rollers will have the same
diameter but will be in greater quantity.
3 How the SEG Works
The magnetization method used for the rollers, superimposing AC on the DC field, aims to
auto-start and maintain the speed of the rollers, as well as the speed control of the rollers. It is a
complex system that will not be discussed. Instead, we will simplify the study by considering only
the interaction between electric and magnetic continuous fields, using Lorentz force. It is the basic
principle behind the Faraday disk (also called homopolar disc), where a magnetized material in
rotation produces an electric field between its center of rotation and the periphery.
This approach allows the rollers to be assembled with just three layers:
1. Magnetizable material in the core
The recommended ones are hard ferromagnetic compounds based on iron oxide (Fe2O3) like
ferrite, or rare-earth elements like neodymium (NdFeB).
2. Electrizable material in the inner layer
The ferroelectric ones are based on synthetic polymers like electret and certain waxes that
can be electrically polarized.
3. Electrical conductive material in the outer layer
The good conductors like copper (Cu), bronze (Cu + Sn) or brass (Cu + Zn).
In this case, the magnetized
rollers are rotated and, at the same
time, translated around the plate. Thus,
we have the creation of two radial
electric fields: one is produced
between the center and the periphery
of the rollers due to their rotation, the
other is produced between the plate
and the periphery of the device due to
the translation movement of the
rollers. These electric fields are
created by the deflection of
electrostatic charges from the
atmosphere, which can be collected at
the periphery of the device.
The radial electric field
produced by the initial impulse of the
rollers polarizes the electrizable
material contained in the inner layer of
the rollers and thus maintains the
movement of the rollers themselves by
the Lorentz force principle, that is,
with a magnetic field perpendicular to
an electric field there will be movement. The greater the rotation of the rollers, the greater the
electric field developed in the dielectric of the roller and, thus, the greater the speed. The electrons
accumulated in the outer conductive layer of the rollers, being in rotation, behave like a circular
electric current and, therefore, reinforce the magnetic field of the rollers, if they are properly
polarized, otherwise the tendency is to depolarize the field of the rollers. The device will find a
Figure 3: Basic SEG unit.
5. Searl Technology 5
balance point between its velocity, electric field and magnetic field vectors, according to the Hall
effect formula ⃗
E=⃗
v×⃗
B .
The translation movement of the rollers causes
positive electric charges to be projected towards the center
and negative electrical charges towards the periphery of the
device, as shown in the article Power from Electrostatic
Charges [2]. Due to the system being composed of 12
magnetized rollers, a magnetic vortex is created that
constantly attracts more electrical charges from the
environment and the system is self-supporting, always
attracting more charges from the environment and projecting
them towards the center or the periphery of the device. The
addition of more roller plates amplifies the system's energy
production.
The magnetic field vector in the magnetized material
of the rollers has the same direction inside as outside of it,
which reaches the dielectric layer of the electrizable material.
This is because the magnetic poles are created by the surface
distribution of magnetic charges of the magnets. In this
situation, the electric potential difference developed in the
magnetic material and in the outer layer of the rollers, as they
are of electrical conductive material, is extremely small,
which is why in the calculations only the electric potential
difference present in the dielectric material is considered.
The calculation of the radial electric potential
difference on the dielectric material is done through the
integral:
VE=∫Edr=∫
r1
r2
v Bdr=∫
r1
r2
Bωr dr=Bω[r
2
2 ]r1
r2
=
1
2
Bω(r2
2
−r1
2
) .
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
E = Electric field [V m-1
];
B = Surface density of magnetic charge [Wb m-2
] [T];
ω = 2πf = Angular speed of roller [rad s-1
];
v = ωr = Translation speed of roller [m s-1
];
r = Dielectric radius [m];
r1 = External dielectric radius [m];
r2 = Internal dielectric radius [m].
To have an idea of the value of the radial electric field developed in the electrizable material
of the SEG rollers, we can consider that the magnets used were neodymium based with B = 1.38 T
and the translation speed of the rollers around the plate was 250 km/h (69.44 m/s). As the rollers
that were tested had different diameters, we can estimate that with rollers 42 mm in diameter, 20
mm corresponded to the magnets, leaving 10 mm thick for the dielectric material and 1 mm thick
for the external metallic cover. Thus, the electric potential developed radially in the dielectric
material of the rollers was:
VE=
1
2
Bω(R
2
−r
2
)=
1
2
B
v
Re
(R
2
−r
2
)=
1
2
1.38
69.44
2.1∗10
−2
((2∗10
−2
)
2
−(10
−2
)
2
)=0.6845V .
Figure 4: Field vectors direction.
6. 6 Searl Technology
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
B = Surface density of magnetic charge = 1.38 T;
ω = v/Re = Angular speed [rad s-1
];
v = ωr = Linear speed = 250 km/h = 69,44 m s-1
;
R = Radius of dielectric’s external circumference = 2*10-2
m;
r = Radius of dielectric’s internal circumference = 10-2
m;
Re = Radius of roller’s external circumference = 2.1*10-2
m.
The electric field corresponding to this potential is:
E=
V E
(R−r)
=
0.6845
(2∗10−2
−10−2
)
=68.45V m
−1
.
4 The SEG Energy Generator
We will study two different systems that have been developed to extract electrical energy
from the SEG:
1. The high-voltage system – source of electric current
This system was originally developed to measure the electric potential generated between
the stationary plate and the movable rollers. The positive terminal of the generator is
extracted from the plate’s internal face and the negative terminal consisted of a number of
electrodes in the shape of a comb, connected in parallel, mounted along the entire periphery
of the generator, close to the rollers;
2. The low-voltage system – electric potential induction
This system consisted of a number of coils wound on C-shaped ferrosilicon cores, fixed
around the generator so that the magnetized rollers, when rotating around the plate, passed
through the air gap of the cores inducing AC voltage in the coils. These were connected in
series or parallel, or a combination of both.
When Searl developed this generator system, he connected one of the poles of the coils on
the plate, which is the positive pole of the high-voltage system, so that the negative electric charges
(electrons) projected to the periphery of the gyro cell, when they collide with the coils positioned on
the periphery, provided additional electrostatic current to the output circuit. The amount of charges
added was sufficient for the SEG generator be used as a self-sufficient home generator system. But
both high and low voltage systems are independent, so the generator can provide two separate and
independent voltages.
4.1 High Voltage System
The high voltage system collects the negatively charged particles (electrons) projected to the
periphery of the device through electrodes distributed throughout its external perimeter. The
electrodes are connected in parallel and conduct the collected electrons to the negative pole of a
storage system. The positive pole of the storage system is connected to the stationary ring (plate),
where the positive charges are deflected.
If no storage system is connected to the set, there will be a tendency to indefinitely increase
the electric potential in this circuit because the electrons accumulate in the electrodes. Between the
electrodes on the periphery and the center of the plate, a capacitor is formed that charges as long as
electrons collide with the electrodes. This system works as a source of DC electric current, so it is
not enough to connect capacitors – it is necessary to control the maximum voltage achieved. For
laboratory tests, it is sufficient to connect a battery bank, measure and control the electric charge
7. Searl Technology 7
current. The mathematical development for the calculations of this system is demonstrated in the
chapter Electric Charges Gathering by Magnetic Vortex in the article Power from Electrostatic
Charges [2], which deals with the gathering of ions from the atmosphere.
The translation speed of the rollers around the plate, which is its tangential speed, is
calculated by knowing its rotation speed, which is a function of the magnetic and electric fields
applied to the rollers:
VE=
1
2
Bω(R
2
−r
2
) ⇒ ω=
2V E
B(R
2
−r
2
)
⇒ v=ωRe=
2VE Re
B(R
2
−r
2
)
.
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
B = Surface density of magnetic charge [Wb m-2
] [T];
ω = 2πf = Angular speed of rotation [rad s-1
];
v = ωr = Translation or tangential speed of roller [m s-1
];
R = Radius of dielectric’s external circumference [m];
r = Radius of dielectric’s internal circumference [m];
Re = Radius of roller’s external circumference [m].
The rotation speed of the rollers in RPM (revolutions per minute) is determined considering
that:
f =
vRPM
60
, ω=2πf =2π
vRPM
60
=
2V E
B (R
2
−r
2
)
⇒ vRPM =
60V E
π B(R
2
−r
2
)
.
With:
vRPM = Rotation speed of roller [RPM];
f = Frequency of rotation [cycles s-1
].
After calculating the electric current equivalent to the gathering of charges that collide in the
collecting belt, we can calculate the potential and the electric field produced by the device,
considering the capacitor formed between the plate and the collecting belt, to confirm the reports
that the system produced high voltage.
VE=QE
Rcp
εSc
=I E t
Rc
εSc
.
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
QE = Electric charge [C];
IE = Electric current [A];
t = Time [s];
Rcp = Distance between collecting belt and plate [m];
ε = Electric permittivity of medium [C V-1
m-1
)] [F m-1
];
Sc = Collecting belt surface [m2
].
The mathematical development for the calculations of the example below is demonstrated in
the chapter Electric Charges Gathering by Magnetic Vortex in the article Power from Electrostatic
Charges [2].
Example:
Rollers composed of a cylindrical neodymium magnet of 1.38 T and 20 mm in diameter,
surrounded externally by a layer of electrically polarizable material (electret) 10 mm thick with a
8. 8 Searl Technology
stored electrostatic potential of 0.2 V and, on the outside, a metallic layer of copper, brass or bronze
with 1 mm thickness to give structure and to avoid the wear of the roller when rolling. The external
diameter of the rollers is 42 mm.
There are 12 rollers that revolve around a 35 cm outer diameter plate. The plate has a 10
mm thick magnet layer on the inside, a 5 mm layer of electrical insulating material and a 1 mm
metallic layer of copper, brass or bronze on the outside. The thickness of the plate is 16 mm.
In the outer perimeter of the SEG device, a metal strap (collecting belt) with a diameter of
50 cm and a width of 10 cm is placed, where the electrons projected to the periphery will be
collected.
Calculation of rotation speed of the roller:
vRPM =
60V E
π B(R
2
−r
2
)
=
60∗0.2
π∗1.38((2∗10
−2
)
2
−(10
−2
)
2
)
=9.23∗10
3
RPM .
With:
vRPM = Rotation speed of roller [RPM];
VE = 0.2 V;
B = 1.38 T;
R = 2*10-2
m;
r = 10-2
m.
Calculation of the translation speed of the rollers when rolling on the plate surface:
v=ωRe=
2VE Re
B(R
2
−r
2
)
=
2∗0.2∗2.1∗10
−2
1.38((2∗10
−2
)
2
−(10
−2
)
2
)
=20.3ms−1
=73.0 km/h .
With:
v = ωr = Translation or tangential speed of roller [m s-1
];
Re = 2.1*10-2
m.
Calculation of the amount of electric charges in the air under the influence of the magnetic
field:
qE=N ne e Si2di=12∗4∗1025
∗1.602∗10−19
∗3.14∗10−4
∗2∗5∗10−2
=2.42∗103
C .
With:
qE = Electric charges [C];
N = Number of magnets = 12;
ne = Ion density of the atmosphere = 4*1025
electron m-3
;
e = Electric charge of electron= 1.602*10-19
C;
Si = Magnet surface area = π*r2
= π*(10-2
)2
= 3.14*10-4
m2
;
di = Penetration distance of magnets magnetic field = 5 cm = 5*10-2
m.
Calculation of force on charges:
F=Be v=1.38∗1.602∗10−19
∗20.3=4.49∗10−18
N .
With:
F = Force on charge [N];
B = 1.38 T;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
v = 20.3 m s-1
.
9. Searl Technology 9
Calculation of charge acceleration:
a=
Bev
me
=
1.38∗1.602∗10
−19
∗20.3
9.109∗10
−31
=4.93∗1012
m s−2
.
With:
a = Charge acceleration [m s-2
];
B = 1.38 T;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
v = 20.3 m s-1
;
me = Gravitational charge (mass) of electron = 9.109*10-31
kg.
t1=
√2li
a
=
√2∗2∗10
−2
4.93∗10
12
=9.00∗10
−8
s .
With:
t1 = Acceleration time [s];
li = Diameter of magnets = 2*10-2
m;
a = 4.93*1012
m s-2
.
Calculation of charge speed after acceleration:
vo=at1=√2ali=
√2
Be v
me
li=
√2
(1.38∗1.602∗10
−19
∗20.3
9.109∗10
−31 )2∗10−2
=4.44∗105
m s−1
.
With:
vo = Charge speed [m s-1
];
B = 1.38 T;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
v = 20.3 m s-1
;
me = 9.109*10-31
kg;
li = 2*10-2
m.
t2=
d2
vo
=
Rc−Ri−0.5li
vo
=
0.4−0.345−0.5∗2∗10−2
4.44∗10
5
=1.01∗10−7
s .
With:
t2 = Speed time [s];
d2 = Distance between magnets and collecting strip [m];
vo = 4.44*105
m s-1
;
Rc = Distance between plate axis and collecting strap = 0.4 m;
Ri = Distance between plate axis and magnets axis = 0.345 m;
li = 2*10-2
m.
The trajectory duration of the charges to the collection strap is:
t=t1+t2=9.00∗10−8
+1.01∗10−7
=1.91∗10−7
s .
Calculation of the electric current produced by the system in the collecting strap:
IE=
qE
t
=
N ne eSi2di
t
=
12∗4∗10
25
∗1.602∗10
−19
∗3.14∗10
−4
∗2∗5∗10
−2
1.91∗10−7
=1.26∗10
10
A .
With:
10. 10 Searl Technology
IE = Electric current [A];
t = 1.91*10-7
s;
N = 12;
ne = 4*1025
electron m-3
;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
Si = π*r2
= π*(10-2
)2
= 3.14*10-4
m2
;
di = 5 cm = 5*10-2
m.
After 1 second, the approximate electric potential produced by the device between the plate
and the collecting strap will be:
VE=qE
Rcp
ε0 Sc
=I t
Rcp
ε0 Sc
=1.26∗10
10
∗1
0.091
8.8543∗10−28
∗2.513∗10−1
=5.15∗10
36
V .
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
IE = 1.26*1010
A;
t = 1 s;
Rcp = 0.091 m;
ε0 = Electric permittivity of medium = 8.8543*10-28
C V-1
m-1
[F m-1
];
Sc = Collecting strap surface = 2π r*l = 2π*0.4*10-1
= 2.513*10-1
m2
.
This value of electrostatic potential confirms the results obtained in Searl's experiments,
which report ozone production, rarefaction of the air by ionization and interference on close
electronic devices.
4.2 Low Voltage System
For the SEG low voltage system, electric induction coils with ferromagnetic core are placed
on the periphery of the plate. For optimal use of the available energy, the number of these coils must
be the same as the rollers, and must be arranged in such a way that the rollers pass through the air
gap of the coil cores, which have a “C” shape.
The calculation procedure for these coils is based on the electric induction equation:
Figure 5: Roller inside ferromagnetic core gap.
11. Searl Technology 11
VE=−N
dqM
dt
=−N S
dB
dt
.
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
N = Number of coil turns;
qM = Magnetic charge [Wb];
B = Surface density of magnetic charge [Wb m-2
] [T];
S = Magnetic surface of roller [m2
];
t = Time [s].
When the rollers pass in the air gap of the core, there is a sinusoidal variation in the surface
density of the magnetic charge of the core (magnetic induction) that induces an electric potential
inversely proportional to the time duration of this variation. The electric potential induced in each
coil will be proportional to the number of coil turns:
f =1/t , qM=BS ⇒ VE=−
dqM
dt
=−N BS f .
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
N = Number of coil turns;
B = Surface density of magnetic charge of roller [Wb m-2
] [T];
S = Magnetic surface of roller [m2
];
f = Translation frequency of the rollers around plate [Hz].
Each roller that passes through the air gap of the ferromagnetic core induces an electric
potential in the coil, so the frequency of the sine wave will be multiplied by the number of rollers
that translates into the plate:
f =Nr
vRPM
60
.
With:
f = Frequency of induced sinusoidal electrical potential [Hz];
Nr = Number of rollers;
vRPM = Translation speed of rollers around the plate [RPM].
In each coil, with 12 rollers surrounding the plate, it will be induced a sine wave of
frequency equivalent to:
f =12∗
vRPM
60
=
vRPM
5
Hz .
The energy that can be extracted from the low voltage system depends on the magnetic
energy density of each roller and their magnetic volume, and corresponds to the energy of the
magnetostatic field:
U=
1
2
B H Sl=
1
2
B
2
μ Sl .
With:
U = Energy [J];
12. 12 Searl Technology
B = Surface density of magnetic charge of the rollers [Wb m-2
] [T];
H = Magnetic field intensity of the rollers [A m-1
];
μ = Magnetic permeability of the magnets [Wb A-1
m-1
] [H m-1
];
S = Magnetic surface of roller [m2
];
l = Length of the rollers [m].
The passage of each roller through the peripheral coils determines a frequency that defines
the electrical power that can be extracted from the set of rollers in one coil:
P=U f =
1
2
B2
μ S d f .
With:
P = Power [W];
U = Energy [J];
f = Frequency of induced sinusoidal electrical potential [Hz].
If the device has 12 coils, we will have 12 times this power. The calculation of each coil
follows the conventional procedure for calculating transformers. The classic formula for calculating
transformers is:
N=
VE
4.44 BMAX A f
.
With:
N = Number of coil turns;
VE = Electric potential (RMS) applied to coil [V];
BMAX = Maximum surface density of magnetic charge of ferromagnetic core [Wb m-2
] [T];
A = Core section area [m2
];
f = Operating frequency [Hz].
To apply this formula to the low voltage system of the SEG generator, the magnetic
induction BMAX is the surface density of magnetic charge of the rollers, which must be lower than
the maximum allowed by the ferromagnetic material used in the cores. The area of the cores A must
be equal to or greater than the magnetic surface S of the rollers.
Example:
SEG generator with 30 cm diameter plate and 12 rollers rotating on its perimeter with a
translation speed of 300 RPM. Each roller consists of 4 neodymium magnets (NdFeB), 20 mm in
diameter and 10 mm high, mounted on top of each other, totaling 40 mm in height, with magnetic
induction remaining Br = 13,800 G (1.38 T) (1 Gauss = 10-4
Tesla), intrinsic coercive magnetic field
iHc = 13 kOe (1.0 MA/m) (1 kOe = 79.67 kA/m) and energy product BHmax of 48 MGOe (energy
density u = 382 kJ/m3
) (1 MGOe = 7.957 kJ/m3
). The outer diameter of each roller is 40 mm, adding
the dielectric material and the outer metallic layer. Along the perimeter of the plate there are 12
coils with oriented grain silicon steel sheet core with BMAX = 1.5 T, section area A = 4×4 = 16 cm2
,
in C format, with 50 mm air gap, where the rollers pass. The output voltage of each coil is 120 Volts
AC @ 60 Hz.
f =12
vRPM
60
=12
300
60
=60 Hz .
With:
f = Frequency of induced sinusoidal electrical potential [Hz];
13. Searl Technology 13
vRPM = 300 RPM.
The tangential speed of the rollers around the perimeter of the plate is:
v=ωr=2π f r=2π(vRPM
60 )r=2 π
300
60
1.7∗10−1
=5.34m s−1
=19.2km/h .
With:
v = Tangential speed of rollers [m s-1
];
r = Distance between the roller and plate centers = 17 cm = 1.7*10-1
m;
f = Translation frequency of rollers = vRPM/60 Hz [cycles s-1
].
Calculation of the coils, considering that they will be connected in parallel:
N=
VRMS
4.44 BMAX A f
=
120
4.44∗1.38∗1.6∗10−3
∗60
=204 turns .
With:
N = Number of coil turns;
VRMS = 120 V;
BMAX = 1.38 T;
A = 16 cm2
= 1.6*10-3
m2
;
f = 60 Hz.
The magnetic volume of each roller is:
Vm=πr
2
l=π(10
−2
)2
∗4∗10
−2
=1.26∗10
−5
m
3
.
With:
Vm = Magnetic volume of the rollers [m3
];
r = Radius of magnets = 10 mm = 10-2
m;
l = Length of magnets = 40 mm = 4*10-2
m.
The magnetic energy of each roller is:
u=382kJ /m3
=3.82∗105
J m−3
⇒ U=uVm=3.82∗105
∗1.26∗10−5
=4.81J .
The power that can be extracted from each coil in the passage of the 12 rollers, considering
that the final frequency is 60 Hz, is:
P=U f =4.81∗60=289W .
Therefore, the enameled wire used for winding the coils must support the electric current
that can be extracted from each coil:
I=
P
V RMS
=
289
120
=2.41 A .
The set of 12 coils can provide a total power of:
PT =12∗P=12∗289=3.47∗103
W .
14. 14 Searl Technology
In this condition, with the coils connected in parallel, the electric current that can be
extracted from the set is:
IE=
P
VRMS
=
3.47∗103
120
=28.9 A .
As we can see, the electrical power available through the magnetic energy of the rollers is
enough to power various equipment in a home and we can easily design a SEG generator with
greater power by increasing the diameter of the plate and the number of rollers. As the rollers rotate
without the need for any external energy, the system is self-supporting and the energy calculated
above is freely available.
5 The IGV Propulsion System
John Searl's IGV (Inverse Gravity Vehicle) propulsion system is based on the SEG gyro cell,
being composed of several concentric SEG units mounted on the same plane. The outer plates are
larger than the inner plates and the rollers, being of the same diameter, are in greater quantity. This
assembly provides an increase in the system power and also a larger area for the magnetic vortex
creation.
The figure below shows an assembly with three concentric SEG units that allow propulsion.
The diameter of the inner plate, in the case of a discoid craft, must be such that the rollers circulate
on the periphery of the craft's hull.
An IGV unit produces three types of propulsion:
1. Magnetic propulsion system
Provides magnetic repulsion between the magnetic field created in the center of the plates
and the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic field.
2. Mechanical propulsion system 1
Provides mechanical thrust by coupling the rollers that translate around the plate to a disk
attached to a shaft that rotates at the roller translation speed.
3. Mechanical propulsion system 2
Figure 6: IGV propulsion unit.
15. Searl Technology 15
It is based on the atmospheric pressure gradient caused by the air ionization around the
device as a result of the high-voltage electrostatic field developed between the plates and the
periphery of the device. The movement and separation of atmospheric electrostatic charges
caused by the translation and rotation of the rollers provides a low pressure envelope that
can be used for thrust.
5.1 Magnetic Propulsion System
The magnetic propulsion system works by the principle of controlling the force of the
terrestrial gravitational field through the repulsion between the magnetic field created in the center
of the equipment and the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic field. There may be
attraction or repulsion between these two fields:
1. When the magnetic field generated in the center of the equipment has the same direction as
the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic field, there will be repulsion between these
two fields and the disk will weigh less;
2. When the magnetic field generated in the center of the equipment has a contrary direction to
the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic field, there will be attraction between
these two fields and the equipment will weigh more.
We saw in the chapter Magnetic Propulsion Through Vortexes of the article EM-GI
Propulsion Systems [3] how we can calculate magnetic fields capable of canceling the gravitational
force of the planet Earth through the circulation of electric charges. In the IGV system, the
circulation of electric charges is achieved by creating a magnetic vortex that attracts the
electrostatically charged particles from the environment to the magnetic center and projects them
into circulation at the periphery of the plate, according to the calculations developed in the chapter
Electric Charge Gathering by Magnetic Vortex of the article Power from Electrostatic Charges [2].
These circulating electric charges are equivalent to a high electric current that produces an
intense magnetic field, required to the necessary repulsion/attraction for propulsion. The calculating
method for the magnetic repulsion with the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic field and
the amount of gravitational charge (mass) that can be levitated is exactly the same already
developed in the articles quoted above, which is why we will only use the ready-made equations.
Example:
Rollers composed of a cylindrical neodymium magnet with a remaining magnetization of
1.38 Tesla and 40 mm in diameter, externally surrounded by a layer of electrically polarizable
material (electret) 20 mm thick with a stored electrostatic voltage of 0.4 Volt, and on the outside a
metallic layer of 2 mm thick to give structure and to avoid the wear of the roller when rolling. The
rollers are 84 mm in diameter.
In the first section there are 235 rollers that rotate around a 12 m outer diameter plate. In the
second section, there are 245 rollers that revolve around a 12.50 m outer diameter plate. In the third
section there are 255 rollers that revolve around a 13 m outer diameter plate. The plates are
positioned concentrically and have a 20 mm thick magnet layer on the inside, a 20 mm layer of
dielectric material and a 2 mm metal layer on the outside. The plates are 42 mm thick.
In the outer perimeter, a metallic belt with 14 m in diameter is placed where the electrons
projected to the periphery can be collected.
Calculation of rotation speed of the roller:
vRPM=
60V E
π B(R
2
−r
2
)
=
60∗0.4
π∗1.38((4∗10
−2
)
2
−(2∗10
−2
)
2
)
=4.61∗10
3
RPM .
With:
16. 16 Searl Technology
vRPM = Rotation speed of roller [RPM];
VE = 0.4 V;
B = 1.38 T;
R = 4*10-2
m;
r = 2*10-2
m.
Calculation of the translation speed of the rollers when rolling on the surface of the plate:
v=ωRe=
2VE Re
B(R
2
−r
2
)
=
2∗0.4∗4.2∗10
−2
1.38((4∗10
−2
)
2
−(2∗10
−2
)
2
)
=20.3m s−1
=73.0km/h .
With:
v = ωr = Translation or tangential speed of roller [m s-1
];
Re = 4.2*10-2
m.
Calculation of the amount of electrical charges in the air under the influence of the magnetic
field:
qE=N ne e Si2di=735∗4∗10
25
∗1.602∗10
−19
∗1.257∗10
−3
∗2∗5∗10
−2
=5.92∗10
5
C .
With:
qE = Electric charges [C];
N = Number of magnets = 235+245+255 = 735;
ne = Ion density of the atmosphere = 4*1025
electron m-3
;
e = Electric charge of electron= 1.602*10-19
C;
Si = Magnet surface area = π*r2
= π*(2*10-2
)2
= 1.257*10-3
m2
;
di = Penetration distance of magnets magnetic field ≈ 5 cm = 5*10-2
m.
Calculation of force on charges:
F=Be v=1.38∗1.602∗10−19
∗20.3=4.49∗10−18
N .
With:
F = Force on charge [N];
B = 1.38 T;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
v = 20.3 m s-1
.
Calculation of charge acceleration:
a=
Bev
me
=
1.38∗1.602∗10
−19
∗20.3
9.109∗10
−31
=4.93∗10
12
m s
−2
.
With:
a = Charge acceleration [m s-2
];
B = 1.38 T;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
v = 20.3 m s-1
;
me = Gravitational charge (mass) of electron = 9.109*10-31
kg.
t1=
√2li
a
=
√2∗4∗10
−2
4.93∗10
12
=1.27∗10
−7
s .
With:
17. Searl Technology 17
t1 = Acceleration time [s];
li = Diameter of magnets = 4*10-2
m;
a = 4.93*1012
m s-2
.
Calculation of charge speed after acceleration:
vo=at1=√2ali=
√2
Be v
m
li=
√2(1.38∗1.602∗10
−19
∗20.3
9.109∗10
−31 )4∗10
−2
=6.28∗10
5
ms
−1
.
With:
vo = Charge speed [m s-1
];
B = 1.38 T;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
v = 20.3 m s-1
;
me = 9.109*10-31
kg;
li = 4*10-2
m.
t2=
d2
vo
=
Rc−Ri−0.5li
vo
=
7−6.042−0.5∗4∗10−2
6.28∗10
5
=1.49∗10−6
s .
With:
t2 = Speed time [s];
d2 = Distance between magnets and collecting strip [m];
vo = 6.28*105
m s-1
;
Rc = Distance between plate axis and collecting strap = 7 m;
Ri = Distance between plate axis and magnets axis = 6.042 m;
li = 4*10-2
m.
The trajectory duration of the charges to the collection strap is:
t=t1+t2=1.27∗10−7
+1.49∗10−6
=1.62∗10−6
s .
Calculation of the electric current produced by the system in the collecting strap:
IE=
qE
t
=
N ne eSi2di
t
=
735∗4∗10
25
∗1.602∗10
−19
∗1.257∗10
−3
∗2∗5∗10
−2
1.62∗10−6
=3.65∗10
11
A .
With:
IE = Electric current [A];
t = 1.62*10-6
s;
N = 735;
ne = 4*1025
electron m-3
;
e = 1.602*10-19
C;
Si = π*r2
= π*(2*10-2
)2
= 1.257*10-3
m2
;
di ≈ 5 cm = 5*10-2
m.
Applying the magnetic field formula, without introducing magnetic material inside the ring,
we have:
H=
IE
2r
=
3.65∗10
11
2∗7
=2.61∗10
10
A m
−1
.
With:
18. 18 Searl Technology
H = Magnetic field [A m-1
];
IE = 3.65*1011
A;
r = 7 m.
B=μ0 H=1.256637∗10
−6
∗2.61∗10
10
=3.28∗10
4
T .
With:
B = Surface density of magnetic charge [Wb m-2
] [T];
μ0 = 1.256637*10-6
Wb A-1
m-1
;
H = 2.61*1010
A m-1
.
With these information we can calculate the repulsion force between the magnetic fields and
the amount of gravitational charge (mass) that can be levitated.
F=qM H =BS H =10
−9
∗1.539∗10
2
∗2.61∗10
10
=4.01∗10
3
N .
With:
F = Attraction/repulsion force [N];
B = 10-9
T;
S = πr2
= π(7)2
= 1.539*102
m2
;
H = 2.61*1010
A m-1
.
qG=
F
G
=
4.01∗10
3
9.80665
=4.09∗10
2
kg .
With:
qG = Gravitational charge (mass) [kg];
F = 4.01*103
N;
G = 9.80665 m s-2
.
5.2 Mechanical Propulsion System 1
With the eletrization of the dielectric material in the rollers, they will be self-propelled by
the principle of Lorentz force and can do mechanical work like a unipolar motor. The difference
between the unipolar motor and the rollers is that the electric field is applied to a material capable of
electrically polarizing and, being submitted to a magnetic field, it provides a velocity vector even if
there is no radial electric current. Considering that the area of the magnets is conductive and there is
no electric current (it is an electrostatic field), it has all its surface equipotential and does not
collaborate in the rotation of the rollers. So, the speed calculations consider only the dielectric area
that is subjected to the applied electric field.
VE=
1
2
Bω(R2
−r2
) ⇒ ω=
2V E
B(R
2
−r
2
)
⇒ v=ωRe=
2VE Re
B(R
2
−r
2
)
.
With:
VE = Electric potential [V];
B = Surface density of magnetic charge [Wb m-2
] [T];
ω = 2πf = Angular speed of rotation [rad s-1
];
v = ωRe = Translation or tangential speed of roller [m s-1
];
R = Radius of dielectric’s external circumference [m];
r = Radius of dielectric’s internal circumference [m];
Re = Radius of roller’s external circumference [m].
To use the mechanical energy of the rollers, it is necessary to mechanically couple them to a
disc that contains pins distributed in its perimeter, which are the spin shaft of the rollers. Thus, on a
19. Searl Technology 19
plate that contains 12 rollers it is necessary to attach a disc that contains 12 pins. The center of this
disc is rigidly fixed to a mechanical shaft which will rotate at the translation speed of the rollers.
The calculation of the shaft rotation depends on this speed and the distance from the center of the
rollers to the center of the disc:
vRPM =
60
2π
ω=
60v
2πd
.
With:
vRPM = Rotating speed of shaft [RPM];
ω = 2πf = Angular speed of the rollers translation [rad s-1
];
v = Translation speed of rollers [m s-1
];
d = Distance from roller axis to plate axis [m].
Example:
Roller composed of a cylindrical magnet of magnetic induction remaining B = 1 T, intrinsic
coercive magnetic field H = 1 MA/m, with 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in length with a central hole
of 1 cm in diameter, externally surrounded by a layer of electrically polarizable material 2 cm thick
with a stored electrostatic voltage of 0.5 V and, on the outside, a metallic layer of stainless steel of 1
mm of thickness to give structure and to avoid the wear of the roller when rolling. The diameter of
the rollers is 92 mm. There are 12 rollers that revolve around a 1 m diameter plate. The central holes
of the 12 rollers are coupled to 12 pins on a disc rigidly attached to a mechanical axis.
Calculation of the translation speed of the rollers when rolling on the external surface of the
plate:
v=ωRe=
2VE Re
B(R2
−r2
)
=
2∗0.5∗4.6∗10
−2
1((4.5∗10−2
)
2
−(2.5∗10−2
)
2
)
=32.857m s
−1
=118.29km/h .
With:
v = Translation or tangential speed of roller [m s-1
];
Re = 4.6*10-2
m.
The rotation of the mechanical shaft is determined by:
vRPM =
60ω
2π
=
60v
2πd
=
60∗32.857
2π∗0.546
=5.75∗102
RPM .
With:
vRPM = Rotating speed of shaft [RPM];
v = 32.857 m s-1
;
d = 50 cm + 4.6 cm = 0.546 m.
5.3 Mechanical Propulsion System 2
The second mechanical propulsion system works as described in the chapter Inexhaustible
Energy of the article Power from Electrostatic Charges [2] and calculated as a propulsion system in
the chapter Magnetic Propulsion Through Vortexes of the article EM-GI Propulsion Systems [3],
and provides, through the dissociation and ionization of the air molecules, a low pressure wrap
around the device.
The magnetic vortex created by the rotation and translation of the rollers around the plates
causes the electrostatic charges of the atmosphere to be attracted to the magnetic center of the
system and, afterwards, to be projected towards the periphery of the plate where they circulate in
orbital positions, as a consequence of the Lorentz force. This kinetic movement of charged particles,
20. 20 Searl Technology
outside and inside the plate and rotating roller assembly, causes the dissociation and ionization of
the surrounding air molecules by colliding with them, resulting in a pressure lowering.
This low pressure envelope eliminates the device's friction with air when it moves, allowing
the device to reach high speeds without being subjected to excessive pressure, a necessary condition
in discoid crafts. It should be noted that if the dissociation and ionization of the surrounding air is
greater at the top of the disc, this side will be subjected to less atmospheric pressure than the bottom
side and this atmospheric pressure gradient will cause it to move vertically. The acceleration, in this
case, will be proportional to this pressure difference. The calculation methodology is detailed in the
chapter Mechanical Propulsion Through Magnetic Vortexes of the article EM-GI Propulsion
Systems [3], including application examples, but basically is reduced to:
F=Δ P∗S=qG a ⇒ a=
F
qG
=
Δ P∗S
qG
.
With:
F = Force [N];
ΔP = Pressure difference [N m-2
];
S = Area with pressure difference [m2
];
a = Acceleration [m s-2
];
qG = Gravitational charge (mass) of device [kg].
Through the use of mechanical deflectors and/or magnetic fields, it is possible to use the
high kinetic energy charges projected to the periphery so that they dissociate a greater amount of
atmospheric air in the upper, lower or lateral sections of the device. The intensity control of the
magnetic field generated by electromagnets, positioned along the perimeter of the device, allows
controlling the atmospheric pressure gradient. Depending on the direction and intensity of the
pressure gradient, it is possible to cause the craft to levitate and/or propulsion it in any direction,
what allows a complete steering and navigation system, as shown in the figure below.
Figure 7: Flying saucer concept with IGV technology.
21. Searl Technology 21
6 Conclusion
John Searl has developed a complete and self-powered equipment for electrical generation
and propulsion based on magnetic vortex technology. Its implementation is done with the use of
magnetic, dielectric and electroconductive materials.
The Searl Effect Generator – SEG generator is composed of a stationary ring, called plate,
and several rollers that spins around it. It produces electrical energy by two processes:
1. High voltage with attraction and projection of electrostatic charges from the atmosphere
from the center to the periphery of the device.
2. Low voltage with electric potential induction, passing magnets inside transformer gaps,
composed of ferromagnetic core and coil, positioned around the device perimeter.
Carefully projecting this device, it is possible to extract free energy from it. For the high
voltage system, the electric current source calculated in the example gives approximately 1010
Amperes for a device with 50 cm in diameter. For the low voltage system, the electric power
calculated in the example gives approximately 3.5 kW for a device with 50 cm in diameter.
The Inverse Gravity Vehicle – IGV is composed of several concentric SEG gyro cell
mounted in the same plane. It gives three type of propulsion systems:
1. Magnetic levitation through repulsion/attraction of the magnetic field generated in the center
of the device and the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic field.
2. Mechanical propulsion coupling the traction force of the rollers, in its translating movement
around the plate, with a mechanical shaft.
3. Mechanical propulsion with the pressure gradient caused by the atmospheric air ionization
with the charged particles projected to the periphery of the device.
For the magnetic levitation, the mass that can be levitated is 400 kg with a 13 m in diameter
device. The mechanical system with air ionization was already demonstrated in the article Power
from Air Ionization [4]. The difference is that the charges projected to the periphery are not created
with RF electric fields but extracted from the atmosphere, so the energy spent in the RF generator is
not necessary.
All these energies are almost freely produced by the SEG and IGV devices, so with these
first mathematical approach we are invited to experiment with them.
Bibliography
1: SEARL, John R. R., The Law of Squares. New York - USA: Direct International Science
Consortium, 1993. ISBN 1-898827-00-1
2: GOBBI, Julio C., Power from Electrostatic Charges, The General Science Journal, November,
2019, http://www.gsjournal.net
3: GOBBI, Julio C., EM-GI Propulsion Systems, The General Science Journal, March, 2020, http://
www.gsjournal.net
4: GOBBI, Julio C., Power from Air Ionization, The General Science Journal, November, 2019,
http://www.gsjournal.net