Search engine optimization (SEO) is important for websites to get traffic from search engines. It is more cost effective than advertising. To rank highly in search engines, sites need relevant, high quality content and optimized pages that search engine bots can easily access and understand. Key factors for ranking include having important keywords in pages and links from other reputable sites. Both white hat techniques like optimized content and black hat spammy tactics can affect rankings, but only white hat SEO is sustainable. Common problems to avoid include non-crawlable or duplicate content. SEO requires understanding user search behavior, technical website issues, and producing helpful content.

1. SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
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2. WHY OPTIMIZE?
-Being on top is vital. Studies show that users generally do not go deeper in pages and
rarely even scroll down in search results, so being on top is very very important.
-Cheap, practically free vs. advertising
-Important lesson from SCRUM’s point-of-view towards testing applies here
too: Build quality in, don’t inspect it!!!
-When SEO is not a part of end testing / quality assurance, but an integral part
of the development cycle, it becomes virtually free -> infinite return-on-
investment!
-Approximately (quick empiric research) 35-50% of all traffic on a regular site comes
through search engines.
-This number is obviously subject to great variation depending on the type of
site. A knowledge base type of site like MSDN, Stackoverflow.com or
Wikipedia is bound to get that number up to around 80-90% but a short-lived
marketing site with a strong traditional ad campaign might go way lower.
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3. WHY OPTIMIZE?
-Web search = navigation
-If your site can't be found from search engines, it doesn't exist.
-Most popular search terms at Google.fi in 2008 (porn-related excluded by Google):
1. YouTube
2. Irc
3. Iltalehti
4. Iltasanomat
5. Suomi24
6. You
7. Wikipedia
8. Google
9. Facebook
10. Sanakirja
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4. SEARCH = GOOGLE
-Arguably the most advanced and unbiased indexing algorithm at the moment.
-Benchmark for all search services
-King of the hill by a HUGE margin… but for how long?
-The only search engine that’s morphed into a verb in our every day language
-...of course you can also try to google stuff on Bing or Yahoo as well...
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5. SEARCH = GOOGLE
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001224.html
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6. PAGERANK
-In a nutshell: number and quality of links pointing to your content
-Gets inherited via links in your content, divided by the number of links on the page.
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7. PAGERANK
-The "reputation" of a page
-We also generally rather trust people we know are reputable and people who
reputable people refer to us.
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8. 2 KINDS OF SEO
WHITE HAT SEO
-The strategies and techniques discussed here
-Leads to SUCCESS and HAPPINESS!
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9. 2 KINDS OF SEO
BLACK HAT SEO
-Link spamming (blog / forum comments etc)
-Link farming
-Hidden texts
-Hacked pages
-Will always lead to severe Pagerank-penalties and bans from index when caught
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10. 2 KINDS OF SEO
BLACK HAT SEO
Preventing on your own site:
-rel=nofollow
-Helpful in telling bots which links you don’t want to vouch for.
-Can be used for site-internal ”Pagerank sculpting”, but this has generally been
downplayed as having little or no effect.
-Should be used also for links that bots have no use for, eg. ”add to cart”,
”login”, ”register” etc.
-Moderation of content
-Delete all comment / forum spam a.s.a.p.!
-Spambusting: CAPTCHAs, botblockers etc.
-Keep platforms / software updated!!!
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11. SEO BEST PRACTICES
-Rule #1: understand how the web works, from all points of view!
-Protocols, architecture, usability, readability, content, HTML, CSS, JS, server-
side... EVERYTHING is a part of SEO!
-HTTP status codes, learn them and their meaning
-Especially 300-series, the most common area of mistakes. (in addition to soft
404’s)
-Remember that your server is not only telling the user what is going on, your
audience also consists of bots.
-http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html
-Sitemaps
-http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.php
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitemaps
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12. SEO BEST PRACTICES
-Semantic and valid HTML
-Meaningful tags instead of generic ones. Use tags like h, strong, em,
blockquote etc. that describe the content and meaningful class names / ids
-No presentational stuff in HTML! Leave that to CSS and JS!
-Making sure content is crawlable
-Make sure your site links it’s own content!
-Progressive enhancement
-http://www.alistapart.com/articles/understandingprogressiveenhancement/
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement
-META!
-Page title – this one’s really important!
-META-tags (esp. description, but keywords is also good to have)
-alt-attributes for images
-title-attributes for links etc.
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13. SEO BEST PRACTICES
-One content, one canonical URL
-rel="canonical“
-More than one URL for the same content will generally result in dividing
pagerank between the URLs
-Clean URLs with unnecessary stuff stripped out - no session IDs etc!!!
-Do not let URLs die, redirect gracefully. This is especially important in site
redesigns!!!
-Either give a clear 404 (with an error page helpful for the user) for truly
deleted content or spend a few days on making sure all old URL’s 301 to a new
equivalent page with the same content!
-Losing existing Pagerank due to a tech / layout revamp is just plain stupid and
will hurt your ranking for a good while.
-Robots.txt
-Tell bots what they should not do.
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robots_Exclusion_Standard
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14. COMMON SEO PROBLEMS
-Heavy and poorly planned use of images / Flash for content
-Flash is crawled to some extent nowadays, but is still far from the level of
crawlability of plain ol’ HTML.
-Non-crawlable HTML
-Severely broken HTML with poor machine-readability.
-Content hidden behind Javascript interaction
-Too much AJAX-interaction with no HTML-fallback
-Select-box dropdown menus
-Bots don’t do JS. This can be easily checked against by browsing the site with
JS off. If you can’t access the content that way, neither can bots.
-Poor or non-relevant META
-All unique content should have unique and meaningful metadata: title,
description, keywords.
-Worst of all: poor content!
-Nothing will save you if your content is just plain bad.
-Bad HTTP
-302’s (temp redirect) when you should use 301’s (permanent redirect).
-200’s when you should give an error like 404. Also called ”soft-404’s”.
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15. COMMON SEO MISCONCEPTIONS
-Valid HTML not always a must
-It's ok to bend rules if you know how and why.
-Div-layout not a silver bullet and tables are not always bad.
-Use tables when applicable. A hack-free table layout is by far better than a
glued-together div-layout which suffers from “divitis” (= way too many div-
tags) or worse yet, is kept together by javascript.
-Also, it’s still ALWAYS ok to use table-tags to present table data. That’s what
they’re for!
-You should still steer clear of nested table structures.
-Most important thing is that content that should be together is kept together
and not broken apart by markup.
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16. COMMON SEO MISCONCEPTIONS
-There are no silver bullets
-SEO is always a sum of it’s parts – or as strong a chain as it’s weakest link.
-There are no golden tickets or insider favoritism
-Advertising on Google won’t rank you higher in unsponsored search results
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17. Understanding non-technical issues as well as tech stuff
-Strong content is vital
-By far the most important part of SEO! Why would a search engine give a
hoot about your content if it sucks?!
-Does your page actually have the terms you want to be found with in a meaningful
way?
-If you want to be found with ”WRT widgets”, does your page actually have
those words? Does it have them in a prominent position that tells the bots
that they’re actually relevant to your content?
-What do people actually search for and why? Is your site a relevant answer to that
search?
-Put yourself in the position of the kind of user you wish to attract. What will
they be searching for and is that content found on your site?
-It's sometimes better to "own" a specific query than do ok with a more general one
-You’ll never be found at the top of Google with a generic term like
”professional” or ”super cool dude”. Opt to ”own” something far more specific
instead.
-Good ideas on this (in Finnish):
-http://gurumarkkinointi.fi/2009/08/26/kuinka-guru-suojautuu-
kilpailulta-osa-1/
-http://gurumarkkinointi.fi/2009/09/02/kuinka-guru-suojautuu-
kilpailulta-osa-2/
-http://gurumarkkinointi.fi/2009/09/08/kuinka-guru-suojautuu-
kilpailulta-osa-3/
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18. GOOGLE TOOLS - use them!
-Webmaster tools - https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools
-Sitemaps
-Diagnostics
-Crawl stats
-Top search queries
-Keywords
-Etc.
-Google Analytics - http://www.google.com/analytics/
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19. LINKS
(also see links from all previous slides)
-Matt Cutts - http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/
-The head of Google’s webspam team, a Googler since 2000 and a _really_
interesting blogger that more often than not provides really helpful insight on
SEO-stuff
-Google Webmaster Central blog - http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/
-A really helpful blog straight from the horse’s mouth.
-Up-to-date tips, news on new features and great article series.
-http://www.seomoz.org
-Great collection of SEO-related articles and resources.
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20. THANK YOU!
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