Seal Sealing of Indus-Saraswati River Valley Civilization
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The PPP is based on the Seal and Sealing of the ISRVC. The photographs are taken from several sources specially the Harrappa.com web.
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2) It was erected by the monk Bala, a master of the Tripitaka, with funding provided by the satraps Kharapallana and Vanaspara, who ruled the eastern territories of Kanishka's large empire.
3) The inscription provides an early dated example of the artistic style of Mathura, which had influences from earlier Yaksha statues but was a distinctive Kushan style that differed from the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara.
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- The lost wax casting technique was commonly used, involving making a wax model, encasing it in clay, and melting the wax to leave a hollow mold for molten metal.
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Modern period and Independence
Bricks, Beads and Bones.pptx
The document discusses career options available with a humanities degree. It outlines several fields that are well-suited to skills developed through humanities studies like communication, research, and critical thinking. Some options discussed include careers in law, business, journalism, marketing, teaching, nonprofit work, and government. The document aims to showcase how a humanities background can open doors to diverse career paths despite potential misconceptions that only STEM degrees are professionally applicable.
Olijdam spoor 2008
Book that can be ordered. Intercultural Relations between South and Southwest Asia. Studies in commemoration of E.C.L During Caspers (1934-1996). (BAR International Series 1826; Society for Arabian Studies Monographs No. 7)
Co-edited with Richard H. Spoor
A collection of 40 papers by colleagues, friends and students of E.C.L. 'Inez' During Caspers on topics connecting the civilisations of Mesopotamia, the Gulf, the Indian Subcontinent and Central Asia.
ISBN 9781407303123. £54.00. iii+282 pages; illustrated throughout with figures, maps, plans, drawings and photographs. Papers in English, French and German.
Ancient History.pdf
The document provides information on the Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization. It discusses the major sites uncovered, including Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, and Dholavira. Key features of the Harappan civilization discussed include its organized city planning with grid layouts and drainage systems, agriculture including crops like wheat and barley, domestication of animals, use of bronze and copper tools, and development of crafts like pottery and seal making. The document also outlines the different phases of the Harappan civilization from early to late periods.
Chalcolithic cultures of india
Chalcolithic cultures of India/ full description of the things related to it. Pottery artifacts tools all are included in it.Major informations are added in it. Chalcolithic period basic and important points.Easy for everyone to know about the culture and its importance so read it and gain knowledge.
Lecture 4 temporal dimension of archeology
This document summarizes the major time periods of archaeology in ancient Mesopotamia from the Neolithic era through the Early Dynastic period. It provides brief descriptions of significant developments within each defined period, including the domestication of plants and animals in the Neolithic, the introduction of irrigation, pottery, and metal tools over time, early writing emerging in the Protoliterate period, and the development of political hierarchies and expansion of writing in the Early Dynastic period under Sargon of Akkad. Artifacts like pottery, seals, and tablets provide evidence of cultural and technological changes occurring across these early civilizations.
– PAINTED GREY WARE (PGW) Culture
1. Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture was characterized by a distinctive ceramic industry featuring wheel-thrown grey pottery with black paintings.
2. PGW people lived in villages and had an agricultural and pastoral economy with no signs of urbanization.
3. PGW sites have been found stratigraphically above Late Harappan and Ochre Coloured Pottery cultures, indicating it succeeded these cultures chronologically across Northern India.
Jmse%202011
This document summarizes a study analyzing over 100 metal artifacts from pre-Columbian cultures in northern Peru between 1000 BC and 1375 AD, including the Chavín, Vicús, Moche, and Sicán cultures. Portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the elemental compositions of gold, silver, and copper alloys without damaging the artifacts. The study aimed to correlate alloy compositions with cultures, determine the evolution of metallurgy, and better understand the development of tumbaga, a gold-copper alloy. The analysis found the cultures produced alloys with varying elemental mixtures and purities, suggesting changes in metallurgical practices over time.
History of india and indian national movement
This document provides an overview of the history of India from prehistoric times through the Indus Valley Civilization. It describes the Stone Age periods (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and tools used. The Mesolithic saw domestication of animals and early farming. The Neolithic brought polished stone tools, farming, domestication of cattle, pottery, painted designs. The Chalcolithic period added copper tools. It then details the Indus Valley Civilization from 2500-1700 BC, including major sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, and elaborates on aspects of their advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and use of burnt bricks.
–Harappan Civilization –The Earliest Urbanisation in South Asia
The document provides an overview of the Harappan civilization, beginning with its earliest identification in the 19th century through excavations in the 1920s that led to its naming and characterization. It describes the major Harappan sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira and features of urban planning like standardized bricks, streets, and drainage systems. Key aspects of Harappan culture discussed include copper metallurgy, standardized weights, crafts like bead making, and the still undeciphered Harappan script. Trade networks connecting the Indus region to places like Mesopotamia and Oman are also summarized.
peerak case study.pptx
Pirak is an archaeological site in Balochistan, Pakistan dating to between 1800 BCE and 800 BCE. It was first excavated between 1968-1974, uncovering three periods of occupation. The earliest evidence of domesticated horses in South Asia was found at Pirak. Artifacts included pottery, figurines, seals, and early iron objects. Agriculture was important, with crops like rice, barley, sorghum, and grapes cultivated using irrigation canals. The Balochistan government is taking steps to protect and renovate heritage sites in the province.
The Treasures of Stara Zagora
Neolithic Dwellings and Prehistoric Art in Stara Zagora Region (Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages) EXHIBITION
–Black and Red Ware
Black-and-red ware is a pottery characterized by a black interior and outer rim with a red exterior. This pottery was first reported in India in 1945 and has been dated back to the 6th millennium BC. It is associated with Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age cultures throughout India and has been found at many archaeological sites ranging from 3000 BC to the early centuries CE. Typologically, the shape and fabric of black-and-red ware changed over time with cultural transformations.
Class XII History Study Material
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Harappans
The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan from around 4000-1000 BC. It included important cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were centers of the Indus Valley civilization. This civilization relied on irrigated agriculture and trade, and used standardized weights and measures across its major cities.
Similar to Seal Sealing of Indus-Saraswati River Valley Civilization (20)
Minerals and their Exploitation in Ancient and Pre-modern India
Minerals and their Exploitation in Ancient and Pre-modern India
–Harappan Civilization –The Earliest Urbanisation in South Asia
–Harappan Civilization –The Earliest Urbanisation in South Asia
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Chalukya of Kalyani Dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty originated in Karnataka, India between 600-1300 CE and was comprised of three imperial powers: the Early Chalukyas, Eastern Chalukyas, and Western Chalukyas. The Western Chalukyas, also called the Kalyani Chalukyas or Later Chalukyas, rose to power in 973 CE and ruled most of the Deccan plateau until 1200 CE from their capitals of Manyakheta and Kalyani. They contended with the Cholas of Tamil Nadu for control of the region. The dynasty reached its peak under King Someshvara I in the early 12th century, extending their rule from the Narmada
Chalukya of Vengi Dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty originated in Western India between the 6th and 13th centuries CE and comprised three main branches - the Badami Chalukyas who ruled from Badami, the Eastern Chalukyas who ruled the Vengi region from the 7th to 10th centuries, and the Western Chalukyas who ruled from Kalyani. The Eastern Chalukyas controlled a fertile region along the Godavari and Krishna rivers in present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They competed for power with other South Indian dynasties like the Pallavas and Rashtrakutas but declined in the 11th century when their kingdom fell to the Chola Empire.
Chalukyas of Badami Dynasty
1. The Chalukya dynasty originated in the 6th century CE in Badami, Karnataka and ruled parts of western and central India until the 13th century.
2. One of the most prominent early rulers was Pulakeshin II who defeated the powerful northern ruler Harsha and had victories over the Pallavas in the south as well as several smaller dynasties.
3. However, Pulakeshin II was ultimately defeated and likely killed in a battle against the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I, though the Chalukyas continued to rule for several more centuries in divided kingdoms across western and central India.
Underwater Archaeology
This document provides an overview of underwater archaeology. It discusses the various terms used, including maritime archaeology, nautical archaeology, and submerged archaeology. The document defines maritime archaeology as the scientific study of human material remains and activities at sea. It discusses some of the earliest underwater archaeology campaigns from the 1920s-1950s and important institutions established for underwater research. Examples of significant underwater archaeological sites discussed include the Mary Rose warship and the Titanic wreck site. The document outlines the process of underwater exploration and excavation. It provides details on several underwater archaeological sites excavated in India, such as Dwaraka, Somanath, and Poompuhar, dating from the protohistoric to medieval
Coins of Gupta Period (Samudragupta & Chandragupta II)
The PPP is for the students of UG & PG not for my API and not even for the commercial purpose.
The *slide 50* of this PPP is wrongly typed the name *Samudragupta instead of Chandragupta II*. so kindly correct in your notes.
Gommateswar Sravana Belgola, Karnataka
This document provides information about the largest monolithic statue of Gommateshwara Bahubali located in Shravanabelagola, Karnataka. Some key details:
- The 57-foot tall granite statue was built in 982-983 CE by the minister Chamundaraya of the Western Ganga Dynasty.
- It depicts Bahubali in a standing posture after years of meditation and penance, with vines and an anthill around his legs.
- The statue is considered one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Jainism and receives thousands of pilgrims every 12 years for a ceremony where it is anointed.
- Bahubali was the son
Vishnu Panels of Deogarh/Dashawatara Temple
The Deogarh Temple in Uttar Pradesh contains some of the earliest sculptural reliefs from the Gupta period depicting scenes from Hindu mythology. Three key reliefs on the temple's exterior walls illustrate the stories of Gajendra Moksha, Nara-Narayana, and the reclining Vishnu. The temple is a well-preserved example of early North Indian architecture and provides insights into the development of the Panchayatana style and religious art during the Gupta era.
Preaching Buddha, Sarnath
This document provides information about a sculpture of the Preaching Buddha from Sarnath, India dated to around 500 CE. The sculpture was discovered in 1905 during excavations led by F.O. Oertel and is now displayed in the Sarnath Site Museum. It depicts the Buddha surrounded by his five first disciples as well as a female figure and child. At the center is a depiction of the Dharma wheel. Details such as the short hair, urna, and elongated earlobes identify the figure as the Buddha. The sculpture shows him in the Dharma-chakra-pravartana mudra and provides an example of the artistic style of the Great Sarnath School.
Lion Capital of Sarnath (Mauryan Period)
The PPP is created for the students of UG not for my personal API and not even for the commercial purpose.
Mahesh-murti of Elephanta island, Maharashtra
The document summarizes information about the Mahesh-murti, or Trimurti sculpture, located on Elephanta Island in Mumbai, India. It is a large 20-foot basalt sculpture depicting the three-headed Hindu god Shiva, representing the triple aspects of creation, protection, and destruction. The sculpture is dated to between 500-900 CE and was created by various dynasties, with evidence pointing most strongly to the Chalukya dynasty. It is located in Cave 1 and faces north. The sculpture was damaged during Portuguese rule when it was targeted for vandalism, but it remains one of the most impressive examples of Hindu religious art from that period.
Buddhist Goddess- Pragyaparmita
The PPP is made for the students of PG not for my API.
Dont confuse with the Slide no. 08 picture is not the image of Prgyaparmita.... It is the image of Chunda. It is just for your understanding about similarities of an icons.
Buddhist Goddess- Tara
Tara is an important female bodhisattva in Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. She is considered a protector and savior who helps guide devotees to enlightenment. There are various myths about her origins, including emerging from the tears of Avalokitesvara. She most commonly appears as Green Tara, who embodies activity, and White Tara, who represents wisdom, purity, and compassion. Tara is depicted in many forms across Buddhist art and is an especially important deity in Tibetan Buddhism.
Rock Edict No.02 of Ashoka
The document provides details about the Edicts of the Maurya Emperor Ashoka from the 3rd century BCE. It summarizes the different types of edicts, including Major and Minor Rock Edicts, Major and Minor Pillar Edicts, Separate Edicts, and Cave Inscriptions. It describes some of the key contents, such as Major Rock Edict II outlining Ashoka's definition of dharma and mentioning southern Indian kingdoms. Minor Rock Edict II details instructions for distributing copies of the edicts. Over 50 edicts from Ashoka have been found across India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal, written in various local languages of the time.
Metal Art of Chola Period
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
Art of Rashtrakuta Period (General Introduction)
The Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled southern India between 753-982 CE, originating as feudatories of the Badami Chalukyas. They established their empire with its base in modern Karnataka. Major contemporary dynasties included the Palas in eastern India and Paramaras in western India. The Rashtrakutas patronized Brahminical, Buddhist and Jain religions and made important contributions to art and architecture, with centers at Ellora, Aihole, Pattadakal, and Elephanta. Their rule declined in the 10th century and later empires annexed their territory, though cultural practices continued.
Art of Odisha (Ancient Kalinga-Buddhist and Jaina)
The document summarizes the art of Odisha/Kalinga from 700-1300 CE, which was dominated by Buddhist and Jain influences. It describes key architectural sites from this period including rock cut caves and structures at Udayagiri and Khandagiri that were built by King Kharvela for Jain ascetics. Monastery complexes and stupas from the Buddhist period are discussed at sites such as Ratnagiri, Lalitgiri, Langudi, and Pushpagiri. Important sculptures of Buddhist and Jain figures are also noted.
Kalinga Art- Odisha (Brahminical)
The PPP is made for the UG and PG students. not for the API.
The spelling of Silent is wrong it should be Salient .
Art of Chandela Period, Central India
The PPP is made of UG and PG students with the help of many resources. Not for my API. Just for knowledge.
24 Jaina Teerthankar- Iconography
This document provides information on 24 Jain Tirthankaras depicted in miniature paintings from Jaipur circa 1850. It lists each Tirthankara's name in Sanskrit and their associated animal symbol. Additionally, it discusses the antiquity of Jain images dating back to the Indus Valley civilization and various periods of Indian history. Iconographic details and symbols commonly shown with the Tirthankaras are also outlined. The document shares images of historical Jain sculptures and paintings showcasing the Tirthankaras from various regions and time periods in India.
Art and Architecture of Elephanta island, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
The document provides information about the art and architecture found on Elephanta Island, including its location in India and the structures and sculptures present there. It mentions several religious sculptures carved into the basalt stone cliffs such as the Trimurti, Saptamatrika, scenes from Hindu epics like the Andhakasura Vadha, and figures of Shiva, Parvati, Brahma, and others. It also notes the mural paintings on ceilings and sculptures of Dwarapalas or door guardians at the main sanctum.
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Seal Sealing of Indus-Saraswati River Valley Civilization
- 1. SEAL AND SEALING Of Indus-Saraswati River Valley Civilization SACHIN TIWARY
- 3. Ernest J.H.Mackay Iravatham Mahadevan Asko Parpola
- 4. Previous Work: Ayumu Konasukawa: Diversity of Harappan Civilization: A Study of the Ghaggar Basin (with Special Reference to Seals), 2013-14 Alireza Abolahara: A Comparative Study of the Seals of South and Southwest Iran (2nd Millennium BC) with Harappan Seals: Faunal Perspective, 2013-14
- 6. Medium of Seal Steatite Coated with Alkali (Salt+Acid) - fired T.C. Bone Metal Silver, Copper Paste Faience Calcite Agate•Size:- 0.5 to 2.5 Inch •2 to 8 Script on one seal •About 4000 seals are reported till •417 style of script are observed till •Date:- 3300 to 600 BCE •Period:- Pre Harappan to Early Historic
- 8. Square Mature Phase of IVC Rectangular Late Phase of IVC Cylindrical Mesopotamian / Persian Round Early Phase of IVC Shape of the Seals and its Chronology
- 10. Theme of the Seal • Human/ Anthropomorphs • Animal/ Zoomorphs – (Elephant, Rhino, Tiger, Unicorn, Bull/Zebu, Deer, Antelopes, Ram, Fish, Crocodile, Horse, Rabbit, Scorpio etc.) • Composite: – Animal + Plant – Animal + Human – Human + Plant • Plants • Scene • Religious • Misc.:- Boat
- 12. Mature Phase
- 13. Mature Phase
- 14. Mature Phase
- 15. Mature Phase
- 21. Comparative
- 22. Late Phase
- 23. Later Phase
- 25. Any Question ?