The document outlines essential steps for developing a research topic, including selecting a broad, significant, and relevant topic, conducting preliminary research, defining problems, and refining research questions. It emphasizes the importance of clear communication in research titles, proper grammar, and formatting, along with addressing gaps in existing knowledge. Additionally, it details components such as objectives, methodologies, and the characteristics of good research questions relevant to quantitative research.

1. PRACTICAL

2. LESSON 1

4. A. CHOOSE A BROAD TOPIC
1. Choose an interesting topic
2. Select a significant topic
3. Choose a topic relevant to your field

5. B. DO A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH
C. DEFINE THE PROBLEM
D. REFINE THE QUESTION

6. LESSON 2

7. 1. Use an accurate description of the subject and scope of
the study instead of using general terms.
2. Do not use abbreviations except for commonly known
ones like DNA and ICT.
3. Do not include words like “The study of,” “Analysis
of,” “An investigation of” or similar construction as
these would only lengthen the title.
4. Include the main dependent and independent variables.
5. Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and
punctuation.

8. 6. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives,
adverbs as well as the first letter of the first and last words.
7. State in a declarative form, although you may also see
titles in question form from time to time.
8. The year the study has been conducted should not be
indicated unless it is a historical study.
9. Use current terminology.
10. Depending on the institutional requirements, 5 to15
words are sufficient to describe the research study.

9. 11. Use the common name instead of chemical formula
(e.g., Ammonium instead of NH4)
12. Write and italicize full scientific names.
13. Make sure to reflect the tone of the paper. An academic
research paper has title which is not casual, or informal, or
does not contain humor.

10. 1. Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know
from your study. Write one to two sentences to state the
main objectives of your research project.
2. Include important keywords and variables. Revise the
sentences into one complete sentence that includes
important keywords and variables of the study.
3. Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You
may also shrink a phrase into a simpler phrase or a single
word. In doing this, make sure that the main thought of the
research study is retained.
The following steps can guide you in writing your research
title:

11. 4. Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there
is any.
5. Observe proper formatting. The format may
vary according to the requirements of the course
or school. Please seek guidance from your
professor.
The following steps can guide you in writing your research
title:

12. BACKGROUND OF
LESSON 3

13. BACKGROUND OF
CONTEXT OF THE STUDY
CONCEPTUALIZED
PERCEPTION
ARTICULATE
JUSTIFY
UNEXPLORED EXHAUSTIVE
LEGITIMATE NOTEWORTHY
COMPREHENSIVE

14. BACKGROUND OF
The background of the study answers the following
questions:
1. What is already known about the topic?
2. What is not known about the topic?
3. Why do you need to address those gaps?
4. What is the rationale of your study?

15. LESSON 4

16. Quantitative Research Problem

17. Research Problem
and
Research Questions

18. Characteristics of Good
Research Questions

19. 1. Feasible

20. Formulating Research
Questions

21. Research Questions for
Descriptive Research

22. Research Questions for
Correlational Research

23. Research Questions for
Ex Post Facto Research

24. Research Questions for
Experimental and
Quasi-experimental
Research

25. LESSON 5

26. COMPONENTS

27. Objectives or Problems to be
Addressed
Why are you doing this study?

28. Topic of the Study
What are the variables to be
included and excluded?

29. Time Frame
When are you conducting this
study?

30. Locale of the Study
Where are you going to gather
your data?

31. Characteristics of the
Respondents
Who will be your respondents?

32. Method and Research
Instruments
How are you going to collect
data?

33. Difference between
Delimitation and Limitation of
the Study

34. SUMMARY
Steps in developing a research topic include;
(1) Choose a broad topic, (2) Do a preliminary
research, (3) Define the problem, and (4)
Refine the question
• Background of the study states the situation
or circumstances within which your research
topic is conceptualized.

35. SUMMARY
• Research Problem is the focus of investigation. •
Characteristics of good research questions are
feasible, clear, significant, and ethical.
• The scope specifies the coverage of your study
such as variables, population or participant, and
timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study
that are not included or excluded or those you will
not deal in your study.

36. from the name itself, denotes that a
variable is ranked in a certain
order. This variable can have a qualitative
or quantitative attribute. For example, a
survey questionnaire may have a numerical
rating as choices like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5ranked
accordingly (5=highest, 1=lowest) or
categorical rating like strongly agree, agree,
neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.
Other examples or ordinal variable: cancer
stage (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III), Spotify
Top 20 hits, academic honors (with highest,
with high, with honors).