Scientific Method
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The scientific method is a process used by scientists to explore observations and answer questions through experimentation. It involves asking a question, researching background information, proposing a hypothesis to predict the outcome of an experiment, designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyzing the experimental data, and communicating the results. The goal is to discover cause-and-effect relationships and determine if all available evidence can provide a logical answer to the original question. Understanding and following the basic steps of the scientific method helps focus an investigation and work through observations and data to reach the best possible conclusion.
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This document provides a science fair guide for students on the phases of data collection and analysis for their science fair projects. It includes questions to help students understand different types of data, how to record and display results, and how to analyze their data to draw conclusions about whether their results support their original hypothesis. While the hypothesis does not need to always be correct, it is important students can explain the reasons for their results.
Research Methodology
This document provides an overview of research methodology and defining research problems. It discusses that research is a systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering and interpreting facts. A research problem is a topic that has been narrowed down and can only be answered through collecting and analyzing new data. Identifying a good research problem involves determining if there is an inconsistency between what is and what should be, if there are questions about why the inconsistency exists, and if possible solutions can be investigated. The document also outlines qualities of a strong research problem such as being clear, limited in scope, and making an original contribution to knowledge.
science
The document provides information about science and the scientific method. It defines science as the systematic observation of natural events to discover facts and form laws and principles. Science aims to collect facts through observation and experiments in order to understand the natural world. The scientific method is the process used by scientists to explore observations and answer questions through experiments and hypothesis testing in an iterative process. It involves asking questions, researching, developing a hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and communication of results.
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Scientific Method
- 2. What? The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions.
- 3. In fact, there are probably as many versions of the scientific method as there are scientists! But even when modified, the goal remains the same: to discover cause and effect relationships by asking questions, carefully gathering and examining the evidence, and seeing if all the available information can be combined in to a logical answer.
- 4. Whether you are doing a science fair project, a classroom science activity, independent research, or any other hands-on science inquiry understanding the steps of the scientific method will help you focus your scientific question and work through your observations and data to answer the question as well as possible. Scientific Method
- 6. 1. Ask a Question The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where? For a science fair project some teachers require that the question be something you can measure, preferably with a number.
- 7. 2. Research Background Research Plan Finding information Bibliography Research Paper Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.
- 8. 3. Hypothesis Propose a hypothesis. This is a sort of educated guess about what you expect. It is a statement used to predict the outcome of an experiment. It is written in terms of cause and effect. Alternatively, it may describe the relationship between two phenomena. In reality, you probably expect a change but rejecting a hypothesis may be more useful than accepting one.
- 9. 4. Experiment Design and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis. An experiment has an independent and dependent variable. You change or control the independent variable and record the effect it has on the dependent variable. It's important to change only one variable for an experiment rather than try to combine the effects of variables in an experiment. • Procedure • Materials List
- 10. 5. Data/ Analysis Record observations and analyze the meaning of the data. Often, you'll prepare a table or graph of the data. Don't throw out data points you think are bad or that don't support your predictions. Once you have the data, you may need to perform a mathematical analysis to support or refute your hypothesis.
- 11. 6. Results Communicate your results. The results may be compiled into a lab report or formally submitted as a paper. Whether you accept or reject the hypothesis, you likely learned something about the subject and may wish to revise the original hypothesis or form a new one for a future experiment. • Final Report • Abstract • Display Board