Science_-_Earth_Science_4_-_Meteorology.pdf

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EARTH SCIENCE
METEOROLOGY

WEATHER FORECAST
A weather forecast is simply a scientific
estimate of future weather condition.
Weather condition is the state of the
atmosphere at a given time expressed in
terms of the most significant weather
variables.

CLIMATE OF THE PHILIPPINES
The Climate of the Philippines is tropical and
maritime.
It is characterized by relatively high
temperature, high humidity and abundant
rainfall.

THE SEASONS
Using temperature and rainfall as bases, the
climate of the country can be divided into two
major seasons:
1. Rainy – June to November
2. Dry – December to May

WEATHER
The specific conditions of the atmosphere at a
particular place and time.
It is measured in terms of such parameters as
wind, temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, cloudiness and precipitation.

CLIMATE
The average weather and its long term
variability over a particular place and time
(say a month, a season, a year or several
years).

SEASON
A division of the year according to some
regularly recurrent phenomena, usually
astronomical or climatic.
In the tropics, precipitation is the primary
factor; thus, nearly all regions have their
rainy season and dry season.

NORTHEAST MONSOON
Locally known as "Amihan".
It affects the eastern portions of the country
from October up to late March, starts over
Siberia as a cold, dry air mass but gathers
moisture as it travels across the Pacific Ocean
before reaching the eastern sections of the
Philippines.
Characterized by widespread cloudiness with
rains and showers.

SOUTHWEST MONSOON
Locally known as "Habagat".
It affects the country from July to September, is
very warm and humid, occurs when warm moist
air flows over the country from the southwest
direction, is characterized by heavy rainfall that
may last for a week.
It brings the rainy season to the western
portion of the country.

INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)
Result of the northern hemisphere and
southern hemisphere tradewind
convergence
Widespread cloudiness, occasional thunder-
storms, precipitation, moderate to strong
surface winds

HUMIDITY
Measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.

CLOUDS

EARTH’S SEASONS

THE SEASONS
The Earth's seasons are not caused by the
differences in the distance from the Sun throughout
the year. The seasons are the result of the tilt of the
Earth's axis.
This tilting is what gives us the four seasons of the
year – spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter.
Since the axis is tilted, different parts of the globe
are oriented towards the Sun at different times of
the year.

SOLSTICES
The solstices are days when the sun reaches its
farthest northern and southern declinations.
The winter solstice occurs on December 21 or 22 and
marks the beginning of winter (this is the shortest
day of the year).
The summer solstice occurs on June 21 and marks
the beginning of summer (this is the longest day of
the year).

EQUINOXES
Equinoxes are days in which day and night are
of equal duration.
The two yearly equinoxes occur when the sun
crosses the celestial equator.

EQUINOXES
SPRING EQUINOX
The first day of the Season of Spring - and
the beginning of a long period of sunlight at
the Pole. In the northern hemisphere:
MARCH 20 (the Sun crosses the Equator
moving northward). In the southern
hemisphere: SEPTEMBER 22 (the Sun
crosses the Equator moving southward).

EQUINOXES
AUTUMN EQUINOX
The first day of the Season of Autumn - and
the beginning of a long period of darkness
at the Pole. In the northern hemisphere:
SEPTEMBER 22 (the Sun crosses the
Equator moving southward). In the
southern hemisphere: MARCH 20 (the Sun
crosses the Equator moving northward).

Science_-_Earth_Science_4_-_Meteorology.pdf

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Science_-_Earth_Science_4_-_Meteorology.pdf