This document describes a pilot study that analyzed the ability of school teachers to identify dental caries among students using minimal resources. 9 teachers examined 220 students aged 6-14 years in 3 underprivileged villages. The teachers' findings were compared to those of a dentist. The results found satisfactory agreement between the teachers and dentist, with a kappa value of 0.74. The teachers were good at detecting teeth without cavities but were less sensitive at positively identifying decay, missing some cases. The study concluded that involving teachers in screening for dental caries is possible and could help assess dental status in communities with limited access to dental care, if teachers receive proper training.
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
dr.Shakir presentation oral health attitude knowledgedoctorshakir
The document discusses a study on oral health attitudes, knowledge and practices among 8-14 year old school children in Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The study found that most children used a toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their teeth. Nearly half brushed once per day and most brushed in the morning. Many children experienced gum bleeding while brushing. The study recommends improved oral health education for children through schools and parents to develop better oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents in Belagavi city, India regarding oral health care and prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). A questionnaire was administered to 218 parents who were attending a dental clinic with their children. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge of cariogenic diet and oral hygiene, attitudes toward prevention of ECC, and self-reported oral health practices. The results found that while parents had good overall knowledge, their attitudes and reported practices did not consistently reflect this. Good knowledge and positive attitudes do not necessarily translate to preventative oral health behaviors.
Knowledge, Aptitude, Behaviour and Practices among school children in India NitishKapoorRb
In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
The document discusses a research study assessing the oral health status of basic education students at Our Lady of Fatima University. It aims to determine the students' demographic profiles, most common oral conditions, and current oral health status in terms of caries formation, calculus deposits, and number of extractions. The study also compares oral health factors between elementary and high school students. Overall results found that over half of students experienced dental caries, with the condition being more prevalent in females. Most students also had supragingival plaque and calculus deposits. The Philippines generally has poor oral health among children according to national survey data.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document discusses oral habits such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and mouth breathing. It begins by defining habits and classifying them in various ways. It then discusses the development and causes of habits, focusing on nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Specific oral habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and mouth breathing are examined in more detail. The document concludes by looking at diagnosing and treating habits, with a focus on thumb sucking and its various treatment approaches.
The document discusses child dental health in the United Kingdom. It reviews normal dental development and explains how dental caries (decay) is measured. Statistics show that while dental caries has decreased overall in the UK since the 1970s, there remains polarization with more disease occurring in a smaller proportion of the population. Severe untreated dental caries is common in preschool children in many countries and can negatively impact growth and quality of life. The document discusses strategies to prevent dental caries through fluoride toothpaste, dietary advice, and programs like ChildSmile in Scotland.
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
dr.Shakir presentation oral health attitude knowledgedoctorshakir
The document discusses a study on oral health attitudes, knowledge and practices among 8-14 year old school children in Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The study found that most children used a toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their teeth. Nearly half brushed once per day and most brushed in the morning. Many children experienced gum bleeding while brushing. The study recommends improved oral health education for children through schools and parents to develop better oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents in Belagavi city, India regarding oral health care and prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). A questionnaire was administered to 218 parents who were attending a dental clinic with their children. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge of cariogenic diet and oral hygiene, attitudes toward prevention of ECC, and self-reported oral health practices. The results found that while parents had good overall knowledge, their attitudes and reported practices did not consistently reflect this. Good knowledge and positive attitudes do not necessarily translate to preventative oral health behaviors.
Knowledge, Aptitude, Behaviour and Practices among school children in India NitishKapoorRb
In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
The document discusses a research study assessing the oral health status of basic education students at Our Lady of Fatima University. It aims to determine the students' demographic profiles, most common oral conditions, and current oral health status in terms of caries formation, calculus deposits, and number of extractions. The study also compares oral health factors between elementary and high school students. Overall results found that over half of students experienced dental caries, with the condition being more prevalent in females. Most students also had supragingival plaque and calculus deposits. The Philippines generally has poor oral health among children according to national survey data.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document discusses oral habits such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and mouth breathing. It begins by defining habits and classifying them in various ways. It then discusses the development and causes of habits, focusing on nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Specific oral habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and mouth breathing are examined in more detail. The document concludes by looking at diagnosing and treating habits, with a focus on thumb sucking and its various treatment approaches.
The document discusses child dental health in the United Kingdom. It reviews normal dental development and explains how dental caries (decay) is measured. Statistics show that while dental caries has decreased overall in the UK since the 1970s, there remains polarization with more disease occurring in a smaller proportion of the population. Severe untreated dental caries is common in preschool children in many countries and can negatively impact growth and quality of life. The document discusses strategies to prevent dental caries through fluoride toothpaste, dietary advice, and programs like ChildSmile in Scotland.
North carolina statewide preventive dental health programJigyasha Timsina
The North Carolina Statewide Preventive Dental Health Program was formulated in 1970 by the North Carolina dental society to reduce dental disease through school and community fluoridation programs, fluoride treatments for school children, plaque control education, and prevention education for dental professionals. A 1973 report defined the dental disease problem and initiated a 10-year program. Milestones included developing a school program plan, expanding existing children's preventive programs, and conducting statewide oral health surveys of students. The program's philosophy was a public-private partnership dedicated to optimal oral health through preventive and educational components focusing on young children, recognizing fluoride as the most effective public health measure against dental caries.
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants. Colostrum produced in the first few days after birth is higher in protein and electrolytes compared to mature breast milk produced after 3 weeks. Breast milk supports the infant's oral health by protecting against colonization of cariogenic bacteria and reducing the risk of early childhood caries, especially if nocturnal breastfeeding is avoided after teeth erupt. Diet counseling during infant oral health visits focuses on appropriate breastfeeding and weaning practices, use of bottles, and dietary fluoride supplementation based on water fluoride levels.
This document describes several school oral health programs from different locations and time periods. It provides details on the goals, implementation, and evaluation of programs in the US, Texas, Minnesota, North Carolina, and globally through the WHO. The programs generally aim to educate children about oral health, develop healthy habits, and reduce dental disease through activities in schools. Evaluation of many programs found reductions in tooth decay and positive changes in knowledge and behaviors.
This document provides guidelines for providing anticipatory guidance to parents at different stages of their child's development. It covers topics such as oral development, nutrition, oral hygiene, fluoride use, habits, and injury prevention. Guidelines are provided for prenatal counseling, and ages 6-12 months, 12-24 months, 2-6 years, 6-12 years, and adolescence. The document emphasizes educating parents on establishing good oral health habits and preventing dental injuries at each stage.
comprehensive case history recording in pediatric dentistrydrsavithaks
The document discusses various topics related to pediatric dentistry including:
- The importance of proper diagnosis in pediatric dentistry to avoid negatively impacting a child's physical, mental, and emotional development.
- Factors to consider when assessing a child patient such as their age, cognition level, and anxiety/fear levels to determine the appropriate behavior management strategy.
- Common diseases seen in pediatric patients and how they may present differently between males and females.
- The importance of collecting a thorough medical and dental history from the parent or guardian to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Classifying pulpal diagnoses as reversible pulpitis, symptomatic/asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis, or pulp necrosis to determine the appropriate treatment
Early childhood dental caries occurs in all racial and socioeconomic groups; however, it tends to be more prevalent in children in families belonging to the low-income group, where it is seen in epidemic proportions. Dental caries results from an overgrowth of specific organisms that are a part of normally occurring human flora. Human dental flora is site specific, and an infant is not colonized until the eruption of the primary dentition at approximately 6 to 30 months of age. The most likely source of inoculation of an infant's dental flora is the mother, or another intimate care provider, shared utensils, etc. Decreasing the level of cariogenic organisms in the mother's dental flora at the time of colonization can significantly impact the child's redisposition to caries. To prevent caries in children, high-risk individuals must be identified at an early age (preferably high-risk mothers during prenatal care), and aggressive strategies should be adopted, including anticipatory guidance, behavior modifications (oral hygiene and feeding practices), and establishment of a dental home by 1 year of age for children deemed at risk.
The Tattletooth Program is a school-based dental health program developed in Texas in the 1970s. It aims to develop knowledge and skills around preventing dental disease in schoolchildren. The program provides self-contained teaching packets for classroom teachers to educate students on dental health facts across 5 different age-appropriate levels, from preschool to high school. Lesson plans, materials, and strategies for parental involvement are included. The program piloted an approach of classroom dental health education to promote prevention.
preventive strategies in paediatric dentistryIAU Dent
This document discusses preventive strategies in pediatric dentistry. It outlines how the old infectious disease model was deficient and has been replaced by anticipatory guidance. Anticipatory guidance provides age-specific counseling to parents on oral development, diet, fluoride, habits, hygiene, and injury prevention. It aims to address protective factors to prevent oral health problems. Starting prevention early in infancy allows for developing an individualized plan. To be effective, anticipatory guidance should be coupled with oral health risk assessment and caries risk tools to properly evaluate risk factors and customize prevention.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses early childhood oral health and the importance of establishing a dental home. It provides definitions of early childhood caries and the dental home. Untreated dental caries in young children can negatively impact general health and quality of life. The dental home aims to provide comprehensive and family-centered oral healthcare beginning no later than 12 months of age through activities like preventive services, risk assessments, anticipatory guidance, and referrals to specialists when needed.
This document provides an overview of early childhood caries (ECC), including definitions, classifications, prevalence, risk factors, management, and prevention. ECC is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under 6 years old. Key risk factors include dental plaque, mutans streptococci bacteria, frequent sugar consumption, and improper feeding practices like prolonged bottle use. Prevention strategies focus on educating parents and caregivers on promoting proper oral hygiene, healthy diets, and reducing transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to child.
This document outlines an infant oral health program to prevent early childhood caries. It recommends seeing infants early to conduct a caries risk assessment and follow guidelines for first dental visits. During exams, dentists should look for plaque, inflammation, stain and decay, and provide prophylaxis with fluoride or ART as needed. It identifies risk factors for caries and recommends benign floral enhancement involving treating the mother's oral health issues preconception, modifying diets, using xylitol gum and fluoride for mothers and infants, and recalls based on caries risk.
This document outlines the key components and objectives of a school dental health program. It discusses conducting dental inspections and health education, programs like tooth brushing and fluoride administration, nutrition education, referral processes, and follow up. Example programs are provided, like the ADA's "Learning About Your Oral Health" and Texas' "Tattletooth Program". The goals are to promote proper oral hygiene, prevent dental disease, and improve overall health among school children.
In India, dental diseases are mainly
due to poor oral hygiene, lack of
knowledge on oral health, poor access
to dental care and socio-cultural
factors. Furthermore, poor oral health
among children has been related to
decreased school performance, poor
social relationships and less success
later in life due to the missed days in
school. As per the WHO reports, 486
millions of children suffer from tooth
decay of milk teeth and more than
fifty million school hours are lost
each year because of poor oral health.
Therefore, school based oral health
education programs are necessary
to create awareness among children
about oral health for a healthy smile.
Introduction to pediatric dentistry 2009(new)drferas2
1. Pediatric dentistry is concerned with dental care and treatment of children, with objectives including relieving pain, restoring function, preventing disease, and modifying child behavior.
2. Common dental diseases in children include baby bottle caries, thumb sucking, trauma, and malocclusion. Treatment involves restorative procedures like fillings, stainless steel crowns, pulpotomy, and extractions when teeth are non-restorable.
3. Elements of comprehensive pediatric dental care include patient records, behavior management, guidance of developing occlusion, and preventive methods like fluoride, sealants, and dietary counseling.
Dental Health Awareness Programme,KEMU,Mayo Hospital lahore (initiate and pre...rabia zulfiqar
we are pioneer of this programm, i thought people should know about their dental & oral problems. & their harmful effects. so , we took step to initiate this programe. hopefully it will be successfull & benificial for others.
The concept of a dental home, however, is too new to have been studied as a predictor of oral health.In 1999,Nowak described the term in relation to the desired recurrence of preventive oral health supervisory services as propagated by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of the process for conducting a case history, examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning for pediatric dental patients. It begins with introducing the importance of thoroughly examining child patients to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan. It then describes the specific differences between examining child and adult patients. The rest of the document outlines the various components of conducting a case history, including collecting vital statistics, chief complaints, medical/dental history, and social/habits information. It also explains how to perform a physical examination, including extraoral and intraoral assessments. The document concludes by noting the steps for developing a provisional diagnosis, conducting investigations, reaching a final diagnosis, and creating a treatment plan.
THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES IN PERMANENT DENTITION FOR 12 SCHOOL CHILDREN...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old school children in Northern Palestine. Researchers examined 357 children and found that 84% had experienced dental caries, with a DMFT index mean of 3.45. Girls had a higher DMFT score than boys. The Care Experience Index was very low at 6.7%, indicating poor oral hygiene. The results provide evidence that oral health programs in Northern Palestinian schools need improvement, with an emphasis on oral hygiene instruction and preventive dentistry.
Impact of school-based dental program performance on the oral health-related ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study was done in order to assess the association between the performance of school-based dental programs (SBDPs) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in
school children, in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, taking into account untreated caries and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was administered with 1906 children aged 12 and participating in SBDPs. Four SBDPs were chosen to represent good and poor performance in urban and rural areas. Caries was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, whereas the children were interviewed for the OHRQoL and sociodemographic data. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Condition-Specific Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (CS Child-OIDP) index related to dental caries. The results revealed that the mean CS Child-OIDP score was 1.63 (SD 3.20) for good performance SBDP and 6.89 (SD 8.85) for poor performance SBDP. Analysis by negative binomial regression showed that being served by a poorly performing SBDP (RR = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.87–5.13), and to some extent living in a rural area and being a girl, were significantly associated with a greater risk of having a lower quality of life than were the counterparts. Untreated caries did not show an association with OHRQoL. In conclusion, there are substantial indications that SBDP performance is related to children’s OHRQoL.
1) What's On TV!? is a weekly magazine launched in 1991 that focuses on soap operas, reality television, and dramas.
2) The magazine uses bright colors and images from popular television shows to attract readers' attention, particularly middle-aged women and housewives.
3) The cover features a storyline from the soap opera Eastenders to draw in readers with promises of "horror" and drama through buzzwords and eye-catching text styles.
North carolina statewide preventive dental health programJigyasha Timsina
The North Carolina Statewide Preventive Dental Health Program was formulated in 1970 by the North Carolina dental society to reduce dental disease through school and community fluoridation programs, fluoride treatments for school children, plaque control education, and prevention education for dental professionals. A 1973 report defined the dental disease problem and initiated a 10-year program. Milestones included developing a school program plan, expanding existing children's preventive programs, and conducting statewide oral health surveys of students. The program's philosophy was a public-private partnership dedicated to optimal oral health through preventive and educational components focusing on young children, recognizing fluoride as the most effective public health measure against dental caries.
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants. Colostrum produced in the first few days after birth is higher in protein and electrolytes compared to mature breast milk produced after 3 weeks. Breast milk supports the infant's oral health by protecting against colonization of cariogenic bacteria and reducing the risk of early childhood caries, especially if nocturnal breastfeeding is avoided after teeth erupt. Diet counseling during infant oral health visits focuses on appropriate breastfeeding and weaning practices, use of bottles, and dietary fluoride supplementation based on water fluoride levels.
This document describes several school oral health programs from different locations and time periods. It provides details on the goals, implementation, and evaluation of programs in the US, Texas, Minnesota, North Carolina, and globally through the WHO. The programs generally aim to educate children about oral health, develop healthy habits, and reduce dental disease through activities in schools. Evaluation of many programs found reductions in tooth decay and positive changes in knowledge and behaviors.
This document provides guidelines for providing anticipatory guidance to parents at different stages of their child's development. It covers topics such as oral development, nutrition, oral hygiene, fluoride use, habits, and injury prevention. Guidelines are provided for prenatal counseling, and ages 6-12 months, 12-24 months, 2-6 years, 6-12 years, and adolescence. The document emphasizes educating parents on establishing good oral health habits and preventing dental injuries at each stage.
comprehensive case history recording in pediatric dentistrydrsavithaks
The document discusses various topics related to pediatric dentistry including:
- The importance of proper diagnosis in pediatric dentistry to avoid negatively impacting a child's physical, mental, and emotional development.
- Factors to consider when assessing a child patient such as their age, cognition level, and anxiety/fear levels to determine the appropriate behavior management strategy.
- Common diseases seen in pediatric patients and how they may present differently between males and females.
- The importance of collecting a thorough medical and dental history from the parent or guardian to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Classifying pulpal diagnoses as reversible pulpitis, symptomatic/asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis, or pulp necrosis to determine the appropriate treatment
Early childhood dental caries occurs in all racial and socioeconomic groups; however, it tends to be more prevalent in children in families belonging to the low-income group, where it is seen in epidemic proportions. Dental caries results from an overgrowth of specific organisms that are a part of normally occurring human flora. Human dental flora is site specific, and an infant is not colonized until the eruption of the primary dentition at approximately 6 to 30 months of age. The most likely source of inoculation of an infant's dental flora is the mother, or another intimate care provider, shared utensils, etc. Decreasing the level of cariogenic organisms in the mother's dental flora at the time of colonization can significantly impact the child's redisposition to caries. To prevent caries in children, high-risk individuals must be identified at an early age (preferably high-risk mothers during prenatal care), and aggressive strategies should be adopted, including anticipatory guidance, behavior modifications (oral hygiene and feeding practices), and establishment of a dental home by 1 year of age for children deemed at risk.
The Tattletooth Program is a school-based dental health program developed in Texas in the 1970s. It aims to develop knowledge and skills around preventing dental disease in schoolchildren. The program provides self-contained teaching packets for classroom teachers to educate students on dental health facts across 5 different age-appropriate levels, from preschool to high school. Lesson plans, materials, and strategies for parental involvement are included. The program piloted an approach of classroom dental health education to promote prevention.
preventive strategies in paediatric dentistryIAU Dent
This document discusses preventive strategies in pediatric dentistry. It outlines how the old infectious disease model was deficient and has been replaced by anticipatory guidance. Anticipatory guidance provides age-specific counseling to parents on oral development, diet, fluoride, habits, hygiene, and injury prevention. It aims to address protective factors to prevent oral health problems. Starting prevention early in infancy allows for developing an individualized plan. To be effective, anticipatory guidance should be coupled with oral health risk assessment and caries risk tools to properly evaluate risk factors and customize prevention.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses early childhood oral health and the importance of establishing a dental home. It provides definitions of early childhood caries and the dental home. Untreated dental caries in young children can negatively impact general health and quality of life. The dental home aims to provide comprehensive and family-centered oral healthcare beginning no later than 12 months of age through activities like preventive services, risk assessments, anticipatory guidance, and referrals to specialists when needed.
This document provides an overview of early childhood caries (ECC), including definitions, classifications, prevalence, risk factors, management, and prevention. ECC is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under 6 years old. Key risk factors include dental plaque, mutans streptococci bacteria, frequent sugar consumption, and improper feeding practices like prolonged bottle use. Prevention strategies focus on educating parents and caregivers on promoting proper oral hygiene, healthy diets, and reducing transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to child.
This document outlines an infant oral health program to prevent early childhood caries. It recommends seeing infants early to conduct a caries risk assessment and follow guidelines for first dental visits. During exams, dentists should look for plaque, inflammation, stain and decay, and provide prophylaxis with fluoride or ART as needed. It identifies risk factors for caries and recommends benign floral enhancement involving treating the mother's oral health issues preconception, modifying diets, using xylitol gum and fluoride for mothers and infants, and recalls based on caries risk.
This document outlines the key components and objectives of a school dental health program. It discusses conducting dental inspections and health education, programs like tooth brushing and fluoride administration, nutrition education, referral processes, and follow up. Example programs are provided, like the ADA's "Learning About Your Oral Health" and Texas' "Tattletooth Program". The goals are to promote proper oral hygiene, prevent dental disease, and improve overall health among school children.
In India, dental diseases are mainly
due to poor oral hygiene, lack of
knowledge on oral health, poor access
to dental care and socio-cultural
factors. Furthermore, poor oral health
among children has been related to
decreased school performance, poor
social relationships and less success
later in life due to the missed days in
school. As per the WHO reports, 486
millions of children suffer from tooth
decay of milk teeth and more than
fifty million school hours are lost
each year because of poor oral health.
Therefore, school based oral health
education programs are necessary
to create awareness among children
about oral health for a healthy smile.
Introduction to pediatric dentistry 2009(new)drferas2
1. Pediatric dentistry is concerned with dental care and treatment of children, with objectives including relieving pain, restoring function, preventing disease, and modifying child behavior.
2. Common dental diseases in children include baby bottle caries, thumb sucking, trauma, and malocclusion. Treatment involves restorative procedures like fillings, stainless steel crowns, pulpotomy, and extractions when teeth are non-restorable.
3. Elements of comprehensive pediatric dental care include patient records, behavior management, guidance of developing occlusion, and preventive methods like fluoride, sealants, and dietary counseling.
Dental Health Awareness Programme,KEMU,Mayo Hospital lahore (initiate and pre...rabia zulfiqar
we are pioneer of this programm, i thought people should know about their dental & oral problems. & their harmful effects. so , we took step to initiate this programe. hopefully it will be successfull & benificial for others.
The concept of a dental home, however, is too new to have been studied as a predictor of oral health.In 1999,Nowak described the term in relation to the desired recurrence of preventive oral health supervisory services as propagated by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of the process for conducting a case history, examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning for pediatric dental patients. It begins with introducing the importance of thoroughly examining child patients to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan. It then describes the specific differences between examining child and adult patients. The rest of the document outlines the various components of conducting a case history, including collecting vital statistics, chief complaints, medical/dental history, and social/habits information. It also explains how to perform a physical examination, including extraoral and intraoral assessments. The document concludes by noting the steps for developing a provisional diagnosis, conducting investigations, reaching a final diagnosis, and creating a treatment plan.
THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES IN PERMANENT DENTITION FOR 12 SCHOOL CHILDREN...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old school children in Northern Palestine. Researchers examined 357 children and found that 84% had experienced dental caries, with a DMFT index mean of 3.45. Girls had a higher DMFT score than boys. The Care Experience Index was very low at 6.7%, indicating poor oral hygiene. The results provide evidence that oral health programs in Northern Palestinian schools need improvement, with an emphasis on oral hygiene instruction and preventive dentistry.
Impact of school-based dental program performance on the oral health-related ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study was done in order to assess the association between the performance of school-based dental programs (SBDPs) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in
school children, in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, taking into account untreated caries and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was administered with 1906 children aged 12 and participating in SBDPs. Four SBDPs were chosen to represent good and poor performance in urban and rural areas. Caries was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, whereas the children were interviewed for the OHRQoL and sociodemographic data. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Condition-Specific Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (CS Child-OIDP) index related to dental caries. The results revealed that the mean CS Child-OIDP score was 1.63 (SD 3.20) for good performance SBDP and 6.89 (SD 8.85) for poor performance SBDP. Analysis by negative binomial regression showed that being served by a poorly performing SBDP (RR = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.87–5.13), and to some extent living in a rural area and being a girl, were significantly associated with a greater risk of having a lower quality of life than were the counterparts. Untreated caries did not show an association with OHRQoL. In conclusion, there are substantial indications that SBDP performance is related to children’s OHRQoL.
1) What's On TV!? is a weekly magazine launched in 1991 that focuses on soap operas, reality television, and dramas.
2) The magazine uses bright colors and images from popular television shows to attract readers' attention, particularly middle-aged women and housewives.
3) The cover features a storyline from the soap opera Eastenders to draw in readers with promises of "horror" and drama through buzzwords and eye-catching text styles.
1) Os jovens estão usando cada vez mais os celulares e videogames, tornando seus polegares mais ágeis e rápidos. No entanto, especialistas dizem que é cedo para afirmar que isso está modificando a estrutura dos dedos.
2) Uma escola promoveu uma oficina de fabricação de sabão ecológico com alunos e professores para reaproveitar óleo de cozinha usado e ensinar sobre meio ambiente.
3) Uma rodada do campeonato brasileiro é resumida
(Trener) Taller La Web 2.0 y la Sociedad de la Imaginación : Lima - PerúAlberto Mejía
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1. The document outlines a proposed study by Bosco Jose to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers of lower primary school children regarding prevention of dental caries in Mangalore.
2. The study will utilize a descriptive survey design and purposive sampling to collect data from 60 mothers using structured questionnaires on knowledge and practice.
3. The objectives are to determine mothers' level of knowledge and practice regarding dental caries prevention, and to analyze the correlation between knowledge and practice and their association with demographic variables.
This document discusses infant oral health and anticipatory guidance. It provides definitions of terms like risk assessment and anticipatory guidance. It outlines the goals and steps of early infant oral health care visits, including examination, counseling, risk assessment, and establishing anticipatory guidance. The document discusses counseling topics at different developmental stages from infancy to adolescence. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention, prevention of oral diseases, and establishing good oral hygiene habits from an early age through anticipatory guidance.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
130 The Journal of Dental Hygiene Vol. 88 • No. 2 • April 2014.docxmoggdede
This document discusses early childhood caries (ECC) and its prevalence, causes, and risk factors. It then examines strategies for oral health promotion, including educating parents and caregivers. A study assessed the oral health knowledge, confidence and practices of personnel in the Virginia WIC program. The study found personnel were knowledgeable about basic oral health concepts but over half reported low confidence in assessing for dental decay and did not routinely perform oral health screenings. It concluded training is needed to improve oral health promotion and disease prevention activities at WIC clinics.
The document discusses school health services and their objectives, which include appraising student health, counseling on findings, encouraging treatment, identifying disabilities, and providing emergency care. It also outlines components of school oral health programs like inspections, education, fluoride programs, sealant placement, and referrals. A specific program called Tattletooth that was implemented in Texas is described in detail, including its philosophy, implementation, and evaluation approach. The concepts of incremental and comprehensive dental care delivery models are also summarized.
Emergency management of dental trauma knowledge of hong kong primary and seco...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emergency management of dental trauma: knowledge of Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers
Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
KY Wong 黃堅祐
LK Cheung 張念光
Objectives To investigate the level of knowledge about emergency management of dental trauma among Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers.
The document summarizes a study that assessed parents' knowledge of factors influencing oral hygiene practices in pediatric patients. A questionnaire was administered to parents to obtain data on their oral health habits, beliefs, knowledge of primary dentition and tooth shedding. Most parents changed toothbrushes every 6 months but only some visited dentists annually. While most agreed treatment is important, some declined due to cost or time constraints. The study concluded parental education plays a major role in children's oral health, and awareness among parents needs improving to better care for children's teeth.
This document provides guidelines for behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It discusses the importance of dental care for children and outlines a variety of behavior guidance methods. Predictors of child behavior, such as developmental level and past dental experiences, can help dentists choose the appropriate guidance techniques. Communication between the dentist, staff, child and parents is key. Informed consent is also important when using techniques beyond basic communication. The document provides a framework to help dentists safely and effectively deliver quality dental care to children.
Assessment of oral problems and dental status of autistic children in comparison to a matched group of non-autistic healthy children in Benghazi, Libya.1
This document discusses the scope of pedodontics. It begins by defining pedodontics as the branch of dentistry concerned with providing comprehensive dental care to children. It then discusses the stages of childhood and aims/objectives of pedodontics, which include a focus on overall health, prevention over treatment, and comprehensive oral healthcare. The document outlines the various areas and specialties within the scope of pedodontics, including restorative dentistry, oral surgery, preventive dentistry, and others. It also discusses behavior management techniques, treating special patients, diagnosis/treatment planning, preventive dentistry procedures, operative procedures, traumatic dental injuries, and the father of pediatric dentistry in India.
School Children Dental Health, Dental Fear and Anxiety in relation to their P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
ECC can have negative health, psychological, and social consequences if left untreated. It prevalence varies globally but affects a significant portion of children worldwide, especially those from disadvantaged populations. Prevention is key, which requires awareness, education, and a multi-pronged collaborative approach among various stakeholders including pediatricians, dentists, parents, and the dental industry. Risk assessment tools can help identify at-risk children and guide prevention efforts. Establishing dental homes and promoting anticipatory guidance, appropriate infant feeding practices, oral hygiene, and fluoride use are important preventive measures.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
Contents:
Introduction
Definition
Aspects of school health programs
Objectives
Ideal requirements
Advantages
Elements/components
Some school oral health programs
WHO’s global school health initiative
Incremental care
Comprehensive care
Conclusion
The document defines a dental home as an ongoing relationship between a dentist and patient that provides comprehensive, accessible, and family-centered oral healthcare from infancy through adolescence. A dental home has characteristics like being accessible in the community, family-centered, providing unbiased information continuously, and being comprehensive, coordinated, and compassionate. When a parent or caregiver approaches a dental home, the dentist will take a history, do an examination, and do a risk assessment to enhance the dentist's ability to assist the child and family with optimal oral healthcare.
This document provides anticipatory guidance for various stages of child development from infancy through adolescence. It begins with definitions of anticipatory guidance and caries risk assessment. It then covers topics like prenatal counseling, development of oral tissues, oral hygiene, teething, diet and nutrition, fluoride needs, non-nutritive habits, speech development, and more. Guidelines are provided for different age groups from 6-12 months to adolescence. The document aims to educate parents and caregivers to promote optimal oral health at each stage of development.
School Oral Health Programmes (Middle East and Asia)Vineetha K
Schools provide an important setting for oral health promotion, as they reach over a billion children worldwide. Through school children, the school staff, families and the community as a whole are benefited from the oral health programs carried out at schools. This presentation covers major oral health programs implemented in schools across Middle East and Asia
The Tattletooth Program is a school-based dental health program developed in Texas in the 1970s. It aims to develop knowledge and skills around preventing dental disease in schoolchildren. The program provides self-contained teaching packets for classroom teachers to educate students on dental health facts across 5 different age-appropriate levels, from preschool to high school. Lesson plans, materials, and strategies for parental involvement are included. The program piloted an approach of classroom dental health education to promote prevention.
The Tattletooth Program is a school-based dental health program developed in Texas in the 1970s. It aims to develop knowledge and skills around preventing dental disease in schoolchildren. The program provides self-contained teaching packets for classroom teachers to educate students on dental health facts across 5 different age-appropriate levels, from preschool to high school. Lesson plans, materials, and strategies for parental involvement are included. The program piloted an approach of classroom dental health education to promote prevention.
The document provides guidelines for behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It discusses the importance of communication between the dental team and patients/parents to help ease fear and anxiety. A variety of behavior guidance approaches should be tailored to each individual patient based on an assessment of factors like age, dental attitudes, temperament, and previous experiences. When a child's behavior prevents routine care, treatment may be deferred based on dental needs and risks versus benefits. Informed consent is required for techniques beyond communication. The goal is to safely provide quality dental care and promote positive dental attitudes.
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Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro s...AD Dental
Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study
Leslie Caroll CASAS-APAYCO, Vanessa Manzini DREIBI, Ana Carolina HIPÓLITO, Márcia Sirlene Zardin GRAEFF, Daniela RIOS, Ana Carolina MAGALHÃES, Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF, Linda WANG
J Appl Oral Sci. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720130468
Abstract
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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School teachers’ abilities in the detection of dental caries
1. 169
SCHOOL TEACHERS’ ABILITIES
IN THE DETECTION
OF DENTAL CARIES
-A PILOT STUDY
ROXANA OANCEA1
, ANGELA CODRUȚA PODARIU1
, RAMONA
AMINA POPOVICI1
, RUXANDRA SAVA-ROȘIANU1
, JUMANCA
DANIELA1
, MELINDA ONEȚ1
1 University Of Medicine And Pharmacy “Victor Babes”,
Department of Prevention, Community Dentistry and Oral
Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Timisoara
2 Faculty of Dentistry, West University ”Vasile Goldiş”, Arad
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of school teachers to identify dental caries among
school children using minimal resources.
Material and method
In 2011, 220 students aged between 6-14 years were examined by 9 teachers from 3 schools situated in
underprivileged villages in Timis county and a dentist, after obtaining the informed consent of the parents. Each
teacher examined his/her own class students in a single session. The teachers didn’t undergo any training or
calibration. They were instructed to indicate caries, regardless of the extent of the lesion and darkness of the
teeth. The early stages of disease (white spot – according to WHO criteria) were not included because of the
difficulty in detecting them. The results of the visual examination performed by the dentist served as a
benchmark for comparing the findings of teachers. The visual examination procedure was made under natural
light, with the observer facing the student, using standard examination equipment. Kappa (k) statistics were
estimated to asses agreement between observers.
Results
The findings suggest satisfactory agreement with the dentist, with kappa values of 0.74 for teachers.
The absence of cavities was easily detected (specificity = 97.8%). More caution is required in positive results
indicated by teachers because they were not always confirmed subsequently (sensitivity 73.1%).
Conclusion
The results indicate that it is possible to collaborate with teachers in collecting data regarding dental
caries in order to asses dental status within a community with little or no access to dental care.
Key words: schoolteachers, dental caries, visual examination, children
Correspondence to
Roxana Oancea.
Address: Splaiul T. Vladimirescu nr.14/A
Tel: 0256/ 204950,
E-mail: roancea@umft.ro
2. 170
INTRODUCTION
There is no doubt that schools are
ideal settings to educate children about the
prevention of common oral diseases. Schools,
with their special characters amongst other
behaviour-affecting institutes, provide a big
opportunity for promoting schoolchildren's
health. School environment, curriculum, and
extracurricular activity could all be utilized for
promoting student's oral health and general
health as well. They are also a suitable
platform for organizing preventive program
services that can be made available to all
children, including those who, for a variety of
reasons, might not be receiving professional
care. The school years are a time where many
elements of attitude, behaviour and life skills
are still forming. School teachers, with their
educational experience and contact with
students, can actively contribute to student's
health promotion, provided that they receive
enough training and support to do so.
Knowledge of oral diseases and more
importantly about the fact that most of these
diseases are preventable to a large extent is a
major vehicle for improving the oral health of
the children. School teachers have traditionally
been considered as potentially important
primary agents of socialization, with a
capability of influencing the future,
knowledge, attitude and behavior of school
children.
Nowadays Romania still faces many
challenges in addressing oral health-care
needs.
In most countries, the targeted groups
selected as oral health programme
beneficiaries are children and adolescents on
the assumption that early dental disease
prevention and treatment can improve dental
health in the future. At schools, such actions
like health promotion, prevention and early
detection of health related problems should be
prioritized. This is the rationale for outreach
programmes in health education and
promotion, fluoride application and other
initiatives.
In response to the World Health
Organization (WHO), school teachers have
been utilized as health-education agents for
school children in many countries, where they
serve as alternative personnel in primary
health-care approach to fight preventable
diseases.1 School-based dental education is
internationally recognized, and might play a
role in increasing the knowledge of oral health
and disease among school teachers.2-10 Daily
contact of schoolteachers with children
provides teachers the opportunity to know
them, to understand their needs and
eventually enabling the observation of certain
changes from normality before a specialist can
detect the problem.
Since 1995 when a study was
undertaken to describe the oral health
behavior of schoolchildren in the first grade in
order to assess the level of oral health
knowledge and attitudes among the mothers,
and to describe oral knowledge and attitudes
to prevention among the schoolteachers in
Romania, only dentists and trained personnel
have conducted such studies and alternative of
other professionals have been unexplored.
That study pointed out that schoolteachers
knew about the poor dental conditions in
children and wanted to become involved in
oral health education.2
The idea of involving teachers in
evaluating the need for caries treatment
became an important issue especially where
no dental professional assistance is available
and in order to implement a preventive
programme the need to collect reliable data is
very important.
The main purpose of this pilot study is
to analyze the performance of public school
teachers in identifying changes related to
dental caries among school children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed in 2011 in 3
schools located in 3 underprivileged villages
from Timis county, Romania. The schools had
a total of 848 students aged 6-14 enrolled in
the morning and afternoon shifts. The study
was receiving the ethical approval of the
Ethical Comitee of the University and the 3
school principals approved the study. 9
teachers agreed to take part in the research
and volunteered themselves. The next phase
3. 171
involved voluntary acceptance by students (of
this 9 teachers) and the consent of their
parents or guardians. A group of 220 children
were selected as the sample.
Neither of the 9 teachers participating
in the study underwent any kind of training or
calibration. They were instructed simply to
indicate the tooth (or teeth having cavities)
without taking in consideration the extent of
the lesion. Each teacher examined her/his own
class students in a single session without
previous communication. Each subject had all
his or her teeth examined by the researcher
dentist and the teacher.
Because the current status of the
disease is the key target of this study, the
agreement analysis of the examinations
performed by teacher and the dentist and the
validation of their findings considered only
decayed and healthy elements. The notating
used was 0 –for deciduous and healthy; 1-for
deciduous and decayed and A -for permanent
and healthy and B-for permanent and
decayed. The results of the visual examination
performed by the dentist serve as benchmark
for comparing the obtained findings of
teachers.
The early stages of disease (white spot
– according to WHO criteria) were not
included because of the difficulty in detecting
them, which may lead to questionable
reliability.
The diagnostic criteria adopted to define
decayed teeth were when a pit, fissure, or
smooth surface lesion presented with decay or
loss of substance. The teeth requiring
extraction were also included in the group of
decayed teeth. Teeth with temporary
restoration, fracturated or infiltrated, filled or
restored with sealant were not considered for
purposes of the agreement analysis and
validation of examination performed by
teachers because they require assessment of a
trained professional dentist.
In order to ensure uniformity of the
examination the environmental conditions
were standardized and patient and examiner
positioning were preset.
The visual examination was
performed in the classroom under natural
lighting with the observer facing the student
to facilitate natural light to the oral cavity.
Cleaning and drying of the teeth prior to the
examination was not performed for simulating
the condition under which most
epidemiological surveys are conducted. All
the examination took place in the morning
because in the afternoon after lunch the
examination could be modified because the
absence of brushing teeth.The observers were
masks, caps, disposable gloves and tongue
blades to allow better visualization of tooth
surfaces.
The obtained data were analyzed
using tables consistent with measurement
scales of the variable studied and the data
collected were analyzed using SPSS software
version17.
RESULTS
Table 1 shows the analysis of the
prevalence of caries according to each of the
observers (teacher and dentist) and between-
observer agreement as regard indication for
treatment, taking the individual as the unit of
observation. The kappa value found was 0,74
indicating a satisfactory agreement concerning
children‘s need for treatment.[ Table 1 ]
Treatment indicated
by theachers
Total Treatment indicated by
dentist
p-value of
McNemar
Yes No Kappa
n % n % n % (95%CI) test
Teachers
Yes 197 89.5 190 86.3 7 3.2 0.74
No 23 10.5 4 1.9 19 8.6 (0.54-0.85) 0.549
Total 220 100.0 194 88.2 26 11.8
Table 1. Treatment indication based upon visual examination performed by teachers compared to visual
examination by dentist
4. 172
The agreement between the examiners
according to the healthy or decayed criteria is
presented in table 2. Considering all teeth
examined, kappa value indicate good
response. [ Table 2 ]
Visual evaluation by teachers Total Visual evaluation by dentist
Healthy
teeth
Decayed teeth
n % n % n % Kappa
Teachers
Healthy teeth 4572 88.8 4380 85.0 192 3.7 0.73
Decayed teeth 580 11.2 164 3.2 416 8,1
Total 5152 100.0 4544 88.2 608 11.8
Table 2. Tooth by tooth agreement between visual examination performed by teachers and those performed by
the dentist
The absence of cavities was easily
detected (specificity = 97.8%). More caution is
required in positive results indicated by
teachers because they were not always
confirmed subsequently (sensitivity 73,1%).
DISCUSSION
Previous studies have compared the
responses of simplified screening, outside
dental offices and not performed by the
dentists, with visual examination carried out
by a dentist in the dental office. They found
that differences were not statistically
significant, thus providing a simple and easy
alternative for the development of oral health
programme. 11,12
Thus, professional training includes a
commitment to community health promotion,
in general, and oral health, in particular. Our
study also showed that inexperienced school
teachers could be used in dental health
programme, but if the aim is to utilize their
potential, the dental profession should attempt
to encourage the inclusion of knowledge about
oral health, diseases, their methods of
prevention, and oral health promotion within
the school curriculum.
A similar study showed that school
teachers, with their educational experience
and contact with students, can actively
contribute to students‘ health promotion,
provided if they themselves receive sufficient
training and support to do so. The study
showed that, overall, school teachers in
general have medium knowledge and
experienced school teachers have more
knowledge about dental decay, gum disease,
and oral cancer. Factors among
sociodemographic variables, such as
education, sex and experience, also play a role.
Prevention package should be implemented
through school health schemes in different
urban and rural areas. In addition, it chapters
on oral health should be included in school
textbooks at the third, fifth, and eighth
grades.13
Regular oral health promotional
activities in the form of health education,
regular dental check-ups, demonstrations of
brushing and rinsing techniques, and
preventive and interceptive treatment can be
undertaken at the school level.14-16
Teachers cannot contribute to
nurturing well-informed students if they
themselves remain uninformed. With respect
to future oral health education programs,
accurate information on preventive measures
of common oral diseases is needed, since they
have the potential to reach all children. This
can further be improved by providing accurate
knowledge about oral health and preventive
measures, particularly to younger school
teachers and those with just a basic
educational degree. This is particularly
important, since the major purpose of health
education, as per the WHO, is that people
5. 173
learn to control their own community‘s health
environment.
The results found by the collected data
indicate that is possible to develop a
programme to identify tooth disease in
communities with little or no access to dentist
care. A limitation of the present study is that
the sample is from Timis county, and is not a
representative sample from Romania as a
whole. However, it could be taken as an
indicator to improve the system of education
of school teachers and inclusion of health-
related information in teachers‘ training at the
national level through appropriate policy
amendment.
CONCLUSION
Teachers proved to be able to perform
the first screening in such places, and the
performance of such a programme would be
enhanced by previous training of these
groups. Training of teachers should aim at
improving their level of knowledge on oral
health. As a result, the patients could avoid
future pain and costs and more the
involvement of teachers in caries detection
would bring dentistry closer to the school
environment, facilitate dissemination of health
promotion concepts.
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