This document provides an overview of the American court system, including both federal and state courts. It discusses the structure and jurisdiction of trial courts, appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. It also covers important criminal justice processes that occur in courts like bail, grand juries, preliminary hearings, arraignment, pleas, and plea bargaining.
This document provides an overview of policing in the United States, including:
- The main missions of police are enforcing laws, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, preserving the peace, and providing services to the public.
- Policing in the US includes federal agencies like the FBI, state police agencies, and many local police departments. There is a wide range in the sizes of these departments.
- Police administration involves managing personnel, resources, and activities to control and direct police operations through concepts like chains of command, spans of control, and distinguishing between line and staff functions.
This document provides an overview of the American court system, including both federal and state courts. It discusses the structure and jurisdiction of trial courts, appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. It also covers important criminal justice processes that occur in courts like bail, grand juries, preliminary hearings, arraignment, pleas and plea bargaining.
This document discusses several key issues related to policing, including police culture, personality, corruption, integrity, stress, disease risks, terrorism, intelligence, information sharing, and civil liability suits. It notes that informal socialization plays a bigger role than formal training in shaping police culture and that conservative personalities may be drawn to police work. Corruption can range from accepting small gifts to larger abuses of authority. Maintaining integrity is challenging due to reluctance to report or acknowledge corruption. Stress reduction techniques include exercise, meditation, and humor. Risks include disease exposure and terrorism-related duties that increase police responsibilities. Intelligence collection and sharing across agencies helps address terrorism and crime. Common civil suits center on allegations of misconduct like assault.
This document provides an overview of criminal justice in the United States. It discusses the history of crime and the criminal justice system from the 1850s to present day. Key events include the civil war, prohibition, the civil rights movement, the war on drugs, and increased terrorism investigations after 9/11. The criminal justice system aims to balance individual rights with public safety. It outlines the components of the system including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The stages of processing a criminal case from investigation to sentencing and reentry are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to sentencing in the criminal justice system, including retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. It also discusses types of sentencing such as indeterminate sentencing, structured sentencing, and mandatory minimums. Alternative sentencing options and the role of victims in the sentencing process are also covered briefly.
The document discusses the nature and types of criminal law. It defines key concepts like statutory law, common law, criminal offenses, and elements of crimes. Criminal law is comprised of substantive and procedural law. Substantive law defines crimes and punishments while procedural law details enforcement methods. For a crime to occur there must be concurrence of a criminal act (actus reus) and criminal intent (mens rea). Defenses to crimes can argue that one or both of these elements are not present. The document provides an overview of the basic components and purposes of criminal law.
This document discusses the key participants in a criminal courtroom trial known as the courtroom work group. It describes the roles of the judge, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney, bailiff, court reporter, clerk of court, expert witnesses, lay witnesses, jurors, and victims. The judge oversees the trial and weighs objections from both sides. The prosecuting attorney represents the state in arguing for conviction, while the defense attorney argues for acquittal of the defendant. Other participants like the bailiff and court reporter ensure order and create an official record of the trial proceedings.
The document discusses methods of collecting crime data in the United States, including the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program run by the FBI and the National Crime Victimization Survey. It describes how the UCR program collects monthly crime counts from law enforcement agencies and is transitioning to the enhanced National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) which records more detailed data on individual criminal incidents. The document also summarizes historical crime trends in the US and provides an overview of the different types of violent and property crimes tracked by the UCR/NIBRS program.
This document provides an overview of policing in the United States, including:
- The main missions of police are enforcing laws, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, preserving the peace, and providing services to the public.
- Policing in the US includes federal agencies like the FBI, state police agencies, and many local police departments. There is a wide range in the sizes of these departments.
- Police administration involves managing personnel, resources, and activities to control and direct police operations through concepts like chains of command, spans of control, and distinguishing between line and staff functions.
This document provides an overview of the American court system, including both federal and state courts. It discusses the structure and jurisdiction of trial courts, appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. It also covers important criminal justice processes that occur in courts like bail, grand juries, preliminary hearings, arraignment, pleas and plea bargaining.
This document discusses several key issues related to policing, including police culture, personality, corruption, integrity, stress, disease risks, terrorism, intelligence, information sharing, and civil liability suits. It notes that informal socialization plays a bigger role than formal training in shaping police culture and that conservative personalities may be drawn to police work. Corruption can range from accepting small gifts to larger abuses of authority. Maintaining integrity is challenging due to reluctance to report or acknowledge corruption. Stress reduction techniques include exercise, meditation, and humor. Risks include disease exposure and terrorism-related duties that increase police responsibilities. Intelligence collection and sharing across agencies helps address terrorism and crime. Common civil suits center on allegations of misconduct like assault.
This document provides an overview of criminal justice in the United States. It discusses the history of crime and the criminal justice system from the 1850s to present day. Key events include the civil war, prohibition, the civil rights movement, the war on drugs, and increased terrorism investigations after 9/11. The criminal justice system aims to balance individual rights with public safety. It outlines the components of the system including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The stages of processing a criminal case from investigation to sentencing and reentry are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to sentencing in the criminal justice system, including retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. It also discusses types of sentencing such as indeterminate sentencing, structured sentencing, and mandatory minimums. Alternative sentencing options and the role of victims in the sentencing process are also covered briefly.
The document discusses the nature and types of criminal law. It defines key concepts like statutory law, common law, criminal offenses, and elements of crimes. Criminal law is comprised of substantive and procedural law. Substantive law defines crimes and punishments while procedural law details enforcement methods. For a crime to occur there must be concurrence of a criminal act (actus reus) and criminal intent (mens rea). Defenses to crimes can argue that one or both of these elements are not present. The document provides an overview of the basic components and purposes of criminal law.
This document discusses the key participants in a criminal courtroom trial known as the courtroom work group. It describes the roles of the judge, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney, bailiff, court reporter, clerk of court, expert witnesses, lay witnesses, jurors, and victims. The judge oversees the trial and weighs objections from both sides. The prosecuting attorney represents the state in arguing for conviction, while the defense attorney argues for acquittal of the defendant. Other participants like the bailiff and court reporter ensure order and create an official record of the trial proceedings.
The document discusses methods of collecting crime data in the United States, including the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program run by the FBI and the National Crime Victimization Survey. It describes how the UCR program collects monthly crime counts from law enforcement agencies and is transitioning to the enhanced National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) which records more detailed data on individual criminal incidents. The document also summarizes historical crime trends in the US and provides an overview of the different types of violent and property crimes tracked by the UCR/NIBRS program.
The document summarizes key Supreme Court cases that have shaped 4th Amendment search and seizure protections over time. It discusses how the Warren Court in the 1960s expanded protections for individual rights, how later courts became more conservative in recognizing police needs, and important cases addressing searches incident to arrest, vehicle searches, plain view doctrine, and warrant exceptions. The 4th Amendment and exclusionary rule are central to controlling police investigatory powers in light of individual privacy and due process rights.
This document discusses probation, parole, and community corrections. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like probation, parole, conditions of probation and parole, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole. It also describes the roles and challenges of probation and parole officers, examples of intermediate sanctions, and recent changes and critiques of reentry policies in the US criminal justice system.
This document discusses prisons and jails in the United States criminal justice system. It notes that prisons are state or federal facilities that incarcerate adults sentenced to confinement, while jails are local facilities that hold individuals pending trial or sentencing or for shorter sentences. The document also discusses the large racial disparities in US prison populations, with incarceration rates for African American males being much higher than for Caucasian males. It outlines different security levels in prisons from minimum to maximum security and classification systems used to determine custody levels. The growth of prison and jail populations is also summarized due to "get tough" sentencing policies like three strikes laws.
Introduction to the U.S. Criminal Justice SystemKatrina Homer
The document discusses crime and the criminal justice system in the United States. It notes that crime is a top public concern but most police calls involve minor disturbances. The criminal justice system aims to respond to and prevent crime through institutions like law enforcement, courts, and corrections. However, the system operates differently across jurisdictions and agencies often work independently instead of as a coordinated "system." It is an enormous but costly institution.
The document discusses young offenders in the criminal justice system. It outlines several key points:
1. It identifies common reasons why young people engage in criminal behavior such as poor parental supervision, drug/alcohol abuse, and negative peer influences.
2. Young people are treated differently than adults in order to protect their welfare and prevent exploitation, as well as protect others from unfair treatment due to their minor status.
3. The minimum age of criminal responsibility in NSW is 10 years old based on the presumption of doli incapax, though there are debates around possibly lowering this age. Alternative diversionary programs and a focus on rehabilitation over punishment are emphasized for young offenders.
The document provides an overview of the criminal trial process in New South Wales, Australia. It discusses the different courts' jurisdictions and the types of cases they hear. For example, it states that the Local Court hears summary offenses and conducts committal hearings, while the Supreme Court hears the most serious crimes. It also outlines key aspects of the criminal trial process like pleas and charge negotiation, the use of evidence, and the roles of legal personnel and juries. Overall, the document serves as a reference guide to the New South Wales criminal justice system.
1. The document discusses various laws that treat children and young people differently, including defining their ages and recognizing their rights.
2. Key instruments that shape children's rights discussed are the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC) and domestic laws like the Family Law Act.
3. The document examines how the law has improved children's rights historically but also discusses ongoing challenges in fully implementing children's rights.
This document provides an overview of legal topics related to young people and the law. It discusses legal capacity and the age of majority. It describes how young people can come into contact with criminal law through anti-social behavior legislation or the children's court. The document outlines the elements of a crime as actus reus and mens rea. It also discusses punishments for crimes, the children's court, contacts with civil law, elements of a contract, and methods of resolving disputes.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
Prisons can be considered "total institutions" that develop their own social structures and values. In prisons, there is an informal inmate social world that exists alongside the formal rules imposed by staff. Over time, inmates may become "prisonized" and accept the criminal social norms. Prison subcultures form in response to the deprivations of prison life. Sexual assault in prison is often about asserting power rather than sexual desire. Female inmates face additional hardships of being separated from their children and have different pathways into the criminal justice system. Prisons struggle with ensuring humane conditions and protecting inmates' rights while maintaining security.
Chapter 5 Challenges to Effective PolicingKatrina Homer
The document summarizes key aspects of policing including:
1) Police recruits undergo training at the police academy to learn laws and procedures, then receive field training from officers to apply their knowledge on the job.
2) Community policing aims to increase community cooperation and support for police, and problem-oriented policing seeks to solve the root causes of crime in specific areas.
3) Police work involves dangers and stress, while officers also face ethical dilemmas regarding their discretion, duties, honesty, and loyalties.
The document discusses several topics related to policing including:
1) The differences between police academy training and field training, with academies focusing on legal aspects and field training helping recruits apply their knowledge on the streets.
2) The purposes of police patrol, which are to deter crime, maintain order and security, and provide non-crime services.
3) The use of DNA fingerprinting in solving crimes, where a suspect's DNA can be matched to a crime scene with accuracy as high as 30 billion to one.
The document discusses the history and development of victims' rights in the criminal justice system, from victims having little status or rights in the early 1970s to the passage of numerous laws at both the federal and state levels establishing victims' rights. It also outlines various services and programs that exist to help victims of crimes, such as victim compensation, restitution, victim impact statements, and notification programs. The future of victims' rights aims to further establish fundamental rights for crime victims and provide comprehensive victim services.
CML2117 Introduction to Law, 2008 - Lecture 23 - Criminal Law and Police PowersAndy Kaplan-Myrth
This document summarizes the evolving legal justifications and limitations for the use of force by police based on three Criminal Code provisions from 1892, 1955, and 1994. It discusses debates around a police commissioner's comments on new limitations preventing tactics like pretending to engage in illegal acts. The document also examines Bill C-24, which introduced broad immunity for "designated officials" conducting investigations, though with some limitations. Concerns are raised around accountability and oversight for designations and justified illegal acts.
Phil Criminal Justice Process (Presentation)probation
The criminal justice process in the Philippines involves law enforcement apprehending suspected violators. Cases may be diverted at various stages if there is insufficient evidence. They proceed to prosecution if probable cause exists and to courts for trial. If convicted, offenders serve time in jail/prison or probation. Diversion can occur through parole, pardon or probation. The process involves pillars of law enforcement, prosecution, courts, corrections and community involvement.
The document discusses the criminal justice system in India. It defines the criminal justice system and outlines its key objectives of preventing crime, punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and maintaining law and order. It then describes the branches (legislative, judicial, executive), major components (police, courts, corrections), key players (police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges) and processes involved in the criminal justice system. It also compares the inquisitorial and adversarial approaches and discusses ways to improve the criminal justice system in India.
If you’ve been injured in a crash involving a semi-truck, 18-wheeler or large commercial vehicle, protect yourself with these legal and safety steps:
1. Remain At The Scene Of The Accident
2. Call Emergency Services
3. Call The Police
4. Take Photos, Videos & Audio Recordings
5. Exchange Information
6. Avoid Statements of Any Kind Before Seeking Legal Advice
7. Get Your Case Reviewed By a Truck Accident Lawyer
8. Attend All Medical Appointments & Follow Doctor Advice
9. Report The Accident To The DMV
10. File A Lawsuit Without Delay – The Clock Is Ticking
Original source: https://www.azizilawfirm.com/truck-accident-lawyer/what-to-do-after-crash
This document summarizes the roles and procedures involved in the American criminal trial system. It describes the main professional actors in the courtroom work group, including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, bailiffs, clerks, and others. It explains their duties and selection processes. It also outlines the stages of a criminal trial from jury selection to presentation of evidence and the roles of witnesses, victims, defendants, and jurors. Key concepts covered include rules of evidence, direct vs. circumstantial evidence, and the adversarial trial structure.
The document describes the US court system, including both federal and state levels. It notes that most criminal cases originate in state courts. It then provides details on the structure and jurisdiction of state trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts. It also outlines the three-tiered federal court system consisting of district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It provides information on judges, jurisdiction, and appeals processes at both the state and federal levels.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
The document outlines a chapter that discusses the US federal judicial system. It covers the structure of the system, including the district courts, courts of appeal, and Supreme Court. It also addresses the process of selecting judges and justices, the backgrounds of judges, and the role of courts in making policy decisions. Key topics covered include the nomination and confirmation process, how courts accept cases, and how decisions are made.
The document outlines a chapter that discusses the US federal judicial system. It covers the structure of the system, including the district courts, courts of appeal, and Supreme Court. It also addresses the process of selecting judges and justices, the backgrounds of judges, and the role of courts in making policy decisions. Key topics covered include the nomination and confirmation process, how courts accept and decide cases, and implementing judicial rulings.
The document summarizes key Supreme Court cases that have shaped 4th Amendment search and seizure protections over time. It discusses how the Warren Court in the 1960s expanded protections for individual rights, how later courts became more conservative in recognizing police needs, and important cases addressing searches incident to arrest, vehicle searches, plain view doctrine, and warrant exceptions. The 4th Amendment and exclusionary rule are central to controlling police investigatory powers in light of individual privacy and due process rights.
This document discusses probation, parole, and community corrections. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like probation, parole, conditions of probation and parole, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole. It also describes the roles and challenges of probation and parole officers, examples of intermediate sanctions, and recent changes and critiques of reentry policies in the US criminal justice system.
This document discusses prisons and jails in the United States criminal justice system. It notes that prisons are state or federal facilities that incarcerate adults sentenced to confinement, while jails are local facilities that hold individuals pending trial or sentencing or for shorter sentences. The document also discusses the large racial disparities in US prison populations, with incarceration rates for African American males being much higher than for Caucasian males. It outlines different security levels in prisons from minimum to maximum security and classification systems used to determine custody levels. The growth of prison and jail populations is also summarized due to "get tough" sentencing policies like three strikes laws.
Introduction to the U.S. Criminal Justice SystemKatrina Homer
The document discusses crime and the criminal justice system in the United States. It notes that crime is a top public concern but most police calls involve minor disturbances. The criminal justice system aims to respond to and prevent crime through institutions like law enforcement, courts, and corrections. However, the system operates differently across jurisdictions and agencies often work independently instead of as a coordinated "system." It is an enormous but costly institution.
The document discusses young offenders in the criminal justice system. It outlines several key points:
1. It identifies common reasons why young people engage in criminal behavior such as poor parental supervision, drug/alcohol abuse, and negative peer influences.
2. Young people are treated differently than adults in order to protect their welfare and prevent exploitation, as well as protect others from unfair treatment due to their minor status.
3. The minimum age of criminal responsibility in NSW is 10 years old based on the presumption of doli incapax, though there are debates around possibly lowering this age. Alternative diversionary programs and a focus on rehabilitation over punishment are emphasized for young offenders.
The document provides an overview of the criminal trial process in New South Wales, Australia. It discusses the different courts' jurisdictions and the types of cases they hear. For example, it states that the Local Court hears summary offenses and conducts committal hearings, while the Supreme Court hears the most serious crimes. It also outlines key aspects of the criminal trial process like pleas and charge negotiation, the use of evidence, and the roles of legal personnel and juries. Overall, the document serves as a reference guide to the New South Wales criminal justice system.
1. The document discusses various laws that treat children and young people differently, including defining their ages and recognizing their rights.
2. Key instruments that shape children's rights discussed are the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC) and domestic laws like the Family Law Act.
3. The document examines how the law has improved children's rights historically but also discusses ongoing challenges in fully implementing children's rights.
This document provides an overview of legal topics related to young people and the law. It discusses legal capacity and the age of majority. It describes how young people can come into contact with criminal law through anti-social behavior legislation or the children's court. The document outlines the elements of a crime as actus reus and mens rea. It also discusses punishments for crimes, the children's court, contacts with civil law, elements of a contract, and methods of resolving disputes.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
Prisons can be considered "total institutions" that develop their own social structures and values. In prisons, there is an informal inmate social world that exists alongside the formal rules imposed by staff. Over time, inmates may become "prisonized" and accept the criminal social norms. Prison subcultures form in response to the deprivations of prison life. Sexual assault in prison is often about asserting power rather than sexual desire. Female inmates face additional hardships of being separated from their children and have different pathways into the criminal justice system. Prisons struggle with ensuring humane conditions and protecting inmates' rights while maintaining security.
Chapter 5 Challenges to Effective PolicingKatrina Homer
The document summarizes key aspects of policing including:
1) Police recruits undergo training at the police academy to learn laws and procedures, then receive field training from officers to apply their knowledge on the job.
2) Community policing aims to increase community cooperation and support for police, and problem-oriented policing seeks to solve the root causes of crime in specific areas.
3) Police work involves dangers and stress, while officers also face ethical dilemmas regarding their discretion, duties, honesty, and loyalties.
The document discusses several topics related to policing including:
1) The differences between police academy training and field training, with academies focusing on legal aspects and field training helping recruits apply their knowledge on the streets.
2) The purposes of police patrol, which are to deter crime, maintain order and security, and provide non-crime services.
3) The use of DNA fingerprinting in solving crimes, where a suspect's DNA can be matched to a crime scene with accuracy as high as 30 billion to one.
The document discusses the history and development of victims' rights in the criminal justice system, from victims having little status or rights in the early 1970s to the passage of numerous laws at both the federal and state levels establishing victims' rights. It also outlines various services and programs that exist to help victims of crimes, such as victim compensation, restitution, victim impact statements, and notification programs. The future of victims' rights aims to further establish fundamental rights for crime victims and provide comprehensive victim services.
CML2117 Introduction to Law, 2008 - Lecture 23 - Criminal Law and Police PowersAndy Kaplan-Myrth
This document summarizes the evolving legal justifications and limitations for the use of force by police based on three Criminal Code provisions from 1892, 1955, and 1994. It discusses debates around a police commissioner's comments on new limitations preventing tactics like pretending to engage in illegal acts. The document also examines Bill C-24, which introduced broad immunity for "designated officials" conducting investigations, though with some limitations. Concerns are raised around accountability and oversight for designations and justified illegal acts.
Phil Criminal Justice Process (Presentation)probation
The criminal justice process in the Philippines involves law enforcement apprehending suspected violators. Cases may be diverted at various stages if there is insufficient evidence. They proceed to prosecution if probable cause exists and to courts for trial. If convicted, offenders serve time in jail/prison or probation. Diversion can occur through parole, pardon or probation. The process involves pillars of law enforcement, prosecution, courts, corrections and community involvement.
The document discusses the criminal justice system in India. It defines the criminal justice system and outlines its key objectives of preventing crime, punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and maintaining law and order. It then describes the branches (legislative, judicial, executive), major components (police, courts, corrections), key players (police, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges) and processes involved in the criminal justice system. It also compares the inquisitorial and adversarial approaches and discusses ways to improve the criminal justice system in India.
If you’ve been injured in a crash involving a semi-truck, 18-wheeler or large commercial vehicle, protect yourself with these legal and safety steps:
1. Remain At The Scene Of The Accident
2. Call Emergency Services
3. Call The Police
4. Take Photos, Videos & Audio Recordings
5. Exchange Information
6. Avoid Statements of Any Kind Before Seeking Legal Advice
7. Get Your Case Reviewed By a Truck Accident Lawyer
8. Attend All Medical Appointments & Follow Doctor Advice
9. Report The Accident To The DMV
10. File A Lawsuit Without Delay – The Clock Is Ticking
Original source: https://www.azizilawfirm.com/truck-accident-lawyer/what-to-do-after-crash
This document summarizes the roles and procedures involved in the American criminal trial system. It describes the main professional actors in the courtroom work group, including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, bailiffs, clerks, and others. It explains their duties and selection processes. It also outlines the stages of a criminal trial from jury selection to presentation of evidence and the roles of witnesses, victims, defendants, and jurors. Key concepts covered include rules of evidence, direct vs. circumstantial evidence, and the adversarial trial structure.
The document describes the US court system, including both federal and state levels. It notes that most criminal cases originate in state courts. It then provides details on the structure and jurisdiction of state trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts. It also outlines the three-tiered federal court system consisting of district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It provides information on judges, jurisdiction, and appeals processes at both the state and federal levels.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
The document outlines a chapter that discusses the US federal judicial system. It covers the structure of the system, including the district courts, courts of appeal, and Supreme Court. It also addresses the process of selecting judges and justices, the backgrounds of judges, and the role of courts in making policy decisions. Key topics covered include the nomination and confirmation process, how courts accept cases, and how decisions are made.
The document outlines a chapter that discusses the US federal judicial system. It covers the structure of the system, including the district courts, courts of appeal, and Supreme Court. It also addresses the process of selecting judges and justices, the backgrounds of judges, and the role of courts in making policy decisions. Key topics covered include the nomination and confirmation process, how courts accept and decide cases, and implementing judicial rulings.
This document discusses prisons and jails in the United States criminal justice system. It notes that prisons are state or federal facilities that incarcerate adults sentenced to confinement, while jails are local facilities that hold individuals pending trial or sentencing or for shorter sentences. The document also discusses the large racial disparities in US prison populations, with incarceration rates for African American males being much higher than for Caucasian males. It outlines different security levels in prisons from minimum to maximum security and classification systems used to determine custody levels. The growth of prison and jail populations is also summarized due to "get tough" sentencing policies like three strikes laws.
Ap government the_federal_court_system_reviewjtoma84
The document summarizes key characteristics of the US federal court system. It describes the system as adversarial, with plaintiffs bringing charges against defendants before impartial judges. It also notes the system is passive, as judges can only rule on actual cases rather than hypothetical ones. The document outlines the complex dual court structure with both federal and state courts. It provides details on jurisdiction, the three tiers of courts including district, appeals, and Supreme Court, and judicial review established by Marbury v Madison.
The document summarizes key characteristics of the federal court system in the United States. It describes the federal court system as adversarial, with plaintiffs bringing charges against defendants before impartial judges. It also notes the system is passive, as judges can only rule on actual cases rather than hypothetical ones. The document outlines the multi-tiered structure of federal courts established by the Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789, including district courts, courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court as the final arbiter on constitutional matters.
This document outlines Chapter 7 from a criminal justice textbook. It discusses the structure and functions of the US court system, including: the historical foundations that influenced the US legal system; the dual federal and state court structure; differences between criminal and civil law; the structure and roles of federal courts including magistrate courts, district courts, appeals courts, and the Supreme Court; and the process for case review by the Supreme Court.
The document discusses the structure and processes of the American court system. It explains that the U.S. has a dual court system containing trial courts that handle both civil lawsuits and criminal prosecutions, appellate courts that hear appeals from trial courts, and the Supreme Court. It describes the jurisdiction and processes of district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It also discusses the selection of federal judges and theories of how Supreme Court justices make decisions.
The document provides an overview of the criminal justice systems in Britain and the United States. It discusses the court structures and legal traditions of England/Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. It also compares the police, courts, and corrections branches of the U.S. system. Finally, it analyzes similarities and differences between the roles of lawyers, legal education, and sources of legal authority in the two countries.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to sentencing in the criminal justice system, including retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. It also discusses types of sentencing such as indeterminate sentencing, structured sentencing, and mandatory minimums. Alternative sentencing options and the role of victims in the sentencing process are also covered briefly.
The document summarizes key aspects of the U.S. judiciary system. It discusses the origins of the U.S. judiciary in the Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789 which established the Supreme Court and federal district courts. It also examines the basis of U.S. law in common law and legal precedents, the sources of U.S. law, and the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system including the Supreme Court. Finally, it reviews the process for selecting federal judges and their role in making policy decisions.
IST 309 Team-ProjectA. Write about laws of Drones. (Like Privacy.docxpriestmanmable
IST 309 Team-Project
A. Write about laws of Drones. (Like Privacy rights or public concerns)NO TITLE PAGE!
B. The main content of my paper is talking about Laws of public concerns, so don’t talking about military or famers or other things!
C. You must read these three articles and quote these articles, moreover use these articles as your references.
http://www.nationaljournal.com/tech/few-privacy-limitations-exist-on-how-police-use-drones-20150205
http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2015/mar/05/drones-california-police-sacramento-privacy/
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2014/11/drones-and-aerial-surveillance
D. APA format, double space, NO INTRODUTION, NO HISTORY, because it is a team project and I need write a Laws Part on it. Other team member will do introduction and history part. SO, PLEASE just write LAWS of Drones!
E. This is the order of my paper.
1. A starting of Laws of Drones. The following is a example, you need to write like that, but you cannot copy it:
(As drones become cheaper and more capable, more police departments across the country are asking for and getting federal approval to use them for law enforcement.
But the Federal Aviation Administration only takes safety into consideration when it grants a law enforcement agency approval to use drones, leaving privacy protections to legislation—which, depending on the state in question, may or may not exist.)
2. Give a Real Example of Drones.
a) How Drones invasion of Privacy? Give a real example of it. Like Drone fly to someone’s backyard without search warrant.
b) Talk about a certain law about Drones of privacy protection.
c) How public feels about it? How public concerns about it?
3. Talk about two Police Departments have different views: Mesa County and other law enforcement agencies. You need to write down the following content on my paper.(You can get a lot information from first article).
a) Mesa County proactive role in drones and publics concerns
i. Largent Drone Program in the US
ii. 17 pages Policy Manual on Drones
b) Other Law Enforcement agencies played a more secretive role in deploying Drones.
4. Bills and Government Regulation. (You can get more information from second article).
a) Write Laws SB-142 and AB-56, and list the main points of Drones from these two laws.
b) Talk about Government Regulations.
5. The views of Gregory McNeal(You can get more information from third article)
a) Give an introduction of Gregory McNeal, like Gregory McNeal who is Professor of Pepperdine University and also is an Expert in Law and Public Policy.
b) Talk about Gregory McNeal’s Main Focus: security, technology and crime.
c) Write about Five Core Recommendations of Gregory McNeal.
d) Give more details or explain Fifth Point of McNeal. It’s following one.
(5. Legislators should recognize that technology such as geofencing and auto-redaction, may make aerial surveillance by drones more protective of privacy than human surveillance.)
State Court System
Chapte ...
This document discusses the key participants in a criminal courtroom trial. It describes the roles of the judge, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney, bailiff, and court reporter. The judge oversees the trial and makes legal rulings, while the prosecuting attorney argues the state's case against the defendant and the defense attorney argues on behalf of the defendant. The bailiff maintains order in the courtroom and oversees the jury.
This document provides an overview of the criminal justice systems of 6 model nations: England, France, Germany, China, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. It discusses their legal traditions, government structures, crime issues, crime rates, crime policies, police forces, corrections systems, constitutions/laws, and judicial systems. Specifically regarding juveniles, it describes France's historical system of paternal power over children and the establishment of juvenile courts and proceedings in 1945 aimed at addressing juvenile crime separately from adult crime.
The United States has a dual court system consisting of state courts and federal courts. The state court system includes appellate courts, trial courts of general and limited jurisdiction, and local courts. The federal court system includes the Supreme Court, courts of appeals, and district courts which hear both civil and criminal cases. Both systems have a hierarchical structure with different levels of courts and jurisdictions.
The document summarizes different levels of courts in the United States legal system. It discusses:
1) Trial courts, which are the first courts to hear cases and have original jurisdiction. They include federal district courts and state trial courts like circuit courts.
2) Appellate courts, which review decisions of lower courts for legal errors. At the federal level, these include federal courts of appeals and the Supreme Court. States also have appellate courts.
3) Specialized courts like juvenile courts, which emphasize rehabilitation over punishment for juveniles, and probate courts, which administer wills and estates.
Criminal Justice A Brief IntroductionThirteenth Edition.docxrichardnorman90310
This document provides an overview of the American court system, including:
- The dual state and federal court structures, with state systems gradually losing power to the federal government.
- The main levels and functions of state and federal courts, from local and specialized courts handling minor issues, to trial courts of general jurisdiction, to appellate courts reviewing lower decisions and state supreme courts acting as final arbiters.
- Various pretrial procedures like arraignment, bail determinations, grand juries or preliminary hearings to evaluate the evidence against a defendant before trial.
This document provides 4 steps to take a screenshot of your schedule using the Windows Snipping Tool and upload it to Blackboard: 1) Access your schedule, 2) Take a screenshot using Snipping Tool, 3) Save the screenshot as a JPEG file to your desktop, 4) Upload the JPEG file to Blackboard by following the instructions in a tutorial video.
Student services at RCC can help students with a variety of tasks. Students can see their advisor to add a class late, see the financial aid office to apply for aid or check award status, and see the bookstore to purchase textbooks. Other services covered include dropping classes, changing majors or advisors, overloading on credits, paying tuition, transferring credits, getting tutoring or disability services, and withdrawing from classes. The various offices, locations, and steps for each common student need are clearly outlined.
This document provides an overview of psychological and psychiatric theories of criminal behavior. It discusses forensic psychology and psychiatry and their application to criminal issues. Various psychological theories are examined, including personality disturbances like psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Additional topics covered include trait theory, cognitive theories like moral development theory, and psychoanalytic perspectives on criminal behavior.
This document summarizes early biological perspectives on criminal behavior. It discusses theories such as phrenology, Lombroso's theory of atavism, constitutional theories focusing on body types, studies of criminal families suggesting a genetic basis for crime, twin studies supporting a hereditary influence, and sociobiological theories of innate human aggression and territoriality. However, biological theories are criticized for disregarding free will, culture, social learning and the complexity of human behavior compared to other species.
This document provides an overview of classical and neoclassical criminological thought. It discusses how classical thinkers like Beccaria and Bentham viewed crime as resulting from rational choices where people weigh costs and benefits. It then describes the rise of positivism and determinism in the 20th century before neoclassical thinking reemerged in the 1970s. Neoclassical theories like rational choice theory and situational choice theory argue crime involves free will but within situational constraints, and can be reduced by increasing costs and limiting opportunities.
Robert Griffin is a professor emeritus and retired dean at RCC who has since taught as an adjunct faculty member. Before retiring, he served as the academic dean and dean of student development at RCC. He has extensive experience in criminal justice, having worked as an instructor, program head, and probation and parole officer at community colleges and correctional facilities. Griffin has multiple advanced degrees and is passionate about cars, currently residing with his wife and pets in Gloucester County.
This document discusses globalization and terrorism from a comparative criminology perspective. It covers topics like transnational crimes, human trafficking, terrorism, and government responses to terrorism. Comparative criminologists focus on developing cross-cultural theories and standard definitions of crimes are difficult due to ethnocentrism and varying legal systems. Terrorism is defined as politically motivated violence against noncombatants. Types include domestic, international, and cyberterrorism. Government actions against terrorism include the Patriot Act, forming the Department of Homeland Security, and national security strategies.
The document discusses the relationship between technology and crime, noting that technology has enabled new forms of criminal behavior like cybercrime. It describes various types of cybercrimes and hackers, and explains how technology is used by law enforcement to investigate crimes through tools like DNA analysis and computer forensics. The challenges of regulating cybercrime and protecting privacy online are also summarized.
The document discusses criminal victimization and various ways it is studied and measured. It describes two main sources of crime statistics - the National Crime Victimization Survey and Uniform Crime Reporting program. The NCVS collects self-report data on crimes experienced by victims, while the UCR collects data on crimes reported to police. Both have limitations and may undercount crimes like rape that often go unreported. Victimization can have psychological, physical, and economic impacts on victims and society. Victimology studies all aspects of the victimization process.
This document summarizes several theories of social conflict criminology. It discusses the law and social order perspective and how various events in the 20th century changed laws and criminal activity. It then describes the consensus, pluralist, and conflict perspectives on the relationship between social groups and the legal system. The conflict perspective views society as consisting of diverse groups in unavoidable conflict over political power, and views law as a tool that furthers the interests of powerful groups. It discusses radical criminology and critical criminology approaches. It also summarizes feminist criminology and how it redirects focus to include gender influences on criminology. Finally it briefly discusses postmodern and peacemaking criminology.
The document summarizes several social process and social development theories of criminology. It discusses social learning theory, social control theory, labeling theory, and differential association theory. A key point is that social process theories view criminality as learned through social interaction and socialization rather than an innate trait, and that social development theories integrate multiple perspectives on how social and environmental factors influence criminal behavior.
The document discusses several biosocial perspectives on criminology, including genetics and heritability research finding links between genes and criminal or antisocial behavior. It also covers topics like the human genome project, the dysfunctional brain, body chemistry and hormones, and how factors like temperature and weather may influence crime rates. A key point is that biosocial perspectives see both biological and environmental factors as interacting to influence criminal behaviors, rather than one being primary, and that these perspectives aim to understand criminality rather than specific criminal acts.
This document summarizes early biological perspectives on criminal behavior. It discusses theories such as phrenology, Lombroso's theory of atavism, constitutional theories focusing on body types, studies of criminal families suggesting a genetic basis for crime, twin studies supporting a hereditary influence, and sociobiological theories of innate human aggression and territoriality. However, biological theories are criticized for disregarding free will, culture, social learning and the complexity of human behavior compared to other species.
This document summarizes several sociological theories of crime, including social structure theories, social process theories, and conflict theories. It then focuses on social structure theories like social disorganization theory, strain theory, and culture conflict theory. Social structure theories examine the impact of institutional arrangements and social processes on socialization and behavior. Strain theory proposes that pressure to achieve socially approved goals but lack of access to legitimate means can result in crime. Culture conflict theory suggests crime stems from clashes in values over proper behavior.
The document discusses several biosocial perspectives on criminology, including genetics and heritability research finding links between genes and criminal behavior. It covers topics like the human genome project, genetics factors like the MAO-A enzyme and serotonin levels, and how genes interact with the environment. The document also summarizes research on the links between criminality and biological factors like brain dysfunction, nutrition, hormones, heart rate, and environmental exposures as well as weather. It introduces biosocial criminology as viewing biological and environmental factors as interacting in influencing criminal behavior.
This document summarizes early biological perspectives on criminal behavior. It discusses theories such as phrenology, Lombroso's theory of atavism, constitutional theories focusing on body types, studies of criminal families suggesting a genetic basis for crime, twin studies supporting a hereditary influence, and sociobiological theories of aggression and territoriality having evolutionary roots. However, biological theories are criticized for disregarding free will, culture, social learning and individual experiences. No single biological factor can fully explain the complexities of human criminal behavior.
This document provides an overview of classical and neoclassical criminological thought. It discusses how classical thinkers like Beccaria and Bentham viewed crime as resulting from rational choices where people weigh costs and benefits. It then describes the rise of positivism and determinism in the 20th century before neoclassical thinking reemerged in the 1970s. Neoclassical theories like rational choice theory and situational choice theory argue crime involves free will but within situational constraints, and can be reduced by increasing costs and limiting opportunities.
This document discusses globalization and terrorism. It covers topics like comparative criminology, transnational crimes, human trafficking, terrorism, and efforts to counter terrorism both domestically and internationally. Terrorism is defined and different types like domestic, international, and cyberterrorism are described. Key legislations and government agencies related to immigration, homeland security, and designating foreign terrorist organizations are also summarized.
The document discusses the relationship between technology and crime, including how technology enables new forms of criminal behavior like cybercrime. It covers various types of cybercrimes, challenges in investigating computer crimes, and how technology is used by law enforcement to combat crime through tools like DNA analysis and computer forensics. The use of technology in both enabling crime and fighting crime is an ongoing challenge as each adapts to changes in the other.
This document summarizes key topics related to drug and sex crimes discussed in the textbook "Criminology Today". It provides a brief history of drug abuse in the United States from the 1800s to the 1970s. It then discusses the extent of current drug abuse, types of illegal drugs, drug addiction, trafficking, and the relationship between drugs and crime. The document also summarizes topics related to prostitution, including definitions, clients of prostitutes, shifting trends due to the internet, and feminist perspectives on prostitution.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.