This document provides an overview of the American court system, including both federal and state courts. It discusses the structure and jurisdiction of trial courts, appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. It also covers important criminal justice processes that occur in courts like bail, grand juries, preliminary hearings, arraignment, pleas and plea bargaining.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to sentencing in the criminal justice system, including retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. It also discusses types of sentencing such as indeterminate sentencing, structured sentencing, and mandatory minimums. Alternative sentencing options and the role of victims in the sentencing process are also covered briefly.
This document discusses several key issues related to policing, including police culture, personality, corruption, integrity, stress, disease risks, terrorism, intelligence, information sharing, and civil liability suits. It notes that informal socialization plays a bigger role than formal training in shaping police culture and that conservative personalities may be drawn to police work. Corruption can range from accepting small gifts to larger abuses of authority. Maintaining integrity is challenging due to reluctance to report or acknowledge corruption. Stress reduction techniques include exercise, meditation, and humor. Risks include disease exposure and terrorism-related duties that increase police responsibilities. Intelligence collection and sharing across agencies helps address terrorism and crime. Common civil suits center on allegations of misconduct like assault.
The document summarizes key Supreme Court cases that have shaped 4th Amendment search and seizure protections over time. It discusses how the Warren Court in the 1960s expanded protections for individual rights, how later courts became more conservative in recognizing police needs, and important cases addressing searches incident to arrest, vehicle searches, plain view doctrine, and warrant exceptions. The 4th Amendment and exclusionary rule are central to controlling police investigatory powers in light of individual privacy and due process rights.
This document provides an overview of policing in the United States, including:
- The main missions of police are enforcing laws, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, preserving the peace, and providing services to the public.
- Policing in the US includes federal agencies like the FBI, state police agencies, and many local police departments. There is a wide range in the sizes of these departments.
- Police administration involves managing personnel, resources, and activities to control and direct police operations through concepts like chains of command, spans of control, and distinguishing between line and staff functions.
This document discusses the key participants in a criminal courtroom trial known as the courtroom work group. It describes the roles of the judge, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney, bailiff, court reporter, clerk of court, expert witnesses, lay witnesses, jurors, and victims. The judge oversees the trial and weighs objections from both sides. The prosecuting attorney represents the state in arguing for conviction, while the defense attorney argues for acquittal of the defendant. Other participants like the bailiff and court reporter ensure order and create an official record of the trial proceedings.
This document summarizes the roles and procedures involved in the American criminal trial system. It describes the main professional actors in the courtroom work group, including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, bailiffs, clerks, and others. It explains their duties and selection processes. It also outlines the stages of a criminal trial from jury selection to presentation of evidence and the roles of witnesses, victims, defendants, and jurors. Key concepts covered include rules of evidence, direct vs. circumstantial evidence, and the adversarial trial structure.
This document discusses prisons and jails in the United States criminal justice system. It notes that prisons are state or federal facilities that incarcerate adults sentenced to confinement, while jails are local facilities that hold individuals pending trial or sentencing or for shorter sentences. The document also discusses the large racial disparities in US prison populations, with incarceration rates for African American males being much higher than for Caucasian males. It outlines different security levels in prisons from minimum to maximum security and classification systems used to determine custody levels. The growth of prison and jail populations is also summarized due to "get tough" sentencing policies like three strikes laws.
The document discusses methods of collecting crime data in the United States, including the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program run by the FBI and the National Crime Victimization Survey. It describes how the UCR program collects monthly crime counts from law enforcement agencies and is transitioning to the enhanced National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) which records more detailed data on individual criminal incidents. The document also summarizes historical crime trends in the US and provides an overview of the different types of violent and property crimes tracked by the UCR/NIBRS program.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to sentencing in the criminal justice system, including retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. It also discusses types of sentencing such as indeterminate sentencing, structured sentencing, and mandatory minimums. Alternative sentencing options and the role of victims in the sentencing process are also covered briefly.
This document discusses several key issues related to policing, including police culture, personality, corruption, integrity, stress, disease risks, terrorism, intelligence, information sharing, and civil liability suits. It notes that informal socialization plays a bigger role than formal training in shaping police culture and that conservative personalities may be drawn to police work. Corruption can range from accepting small gifts to larger abuses of authority. Maintaining integrity is challenging due to reluctance to report or acknowledge corruption. Stress reduction techniques include exercise, meditation, and humor. Risks include disease exposure and terrorism-related duties that increase police responsibilities. Intelligence collection and sharing across agencies helps address terrorism and crime. Common civil suits center on allegations of misconduct like assault.
The document summarizes key Supreme Court cases that have shaped 4th Amendment search and seizure protections over time. It discusses how the Warren Court in the 1960s expanded protections for individual rights, how later courts became more conservative in recognizing police needs, and important cases addressing searches incident to arrest, vehicle searches, plain view doctrine, and warrant exceptions. The 4th Amendment and exclusionary rule are central to controlling police investigatory powers in light of individual privacy and due process rights.
This document provides an overview of policing in the United States, including:
- The main missions of police are enforcing laws, apprehending offenders, preventing crime, preserving the peace, and providing services to the public.
- Policing in the US includes federal agencies like the FBI, state police agencies, and many local police departments. There is a wide range in the sizes of these departments.
- Police administration involves managing personnel, resources, and activities to control and direct police operations through concepts like chains of command, spans of control, and distinguishing between line and staff functions.
This document discusses the key participants in a criminal courtroom trial known as the courtroom work group. It describes the roles of the judge, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney, bailiff, court reporter, clerk of court, expert witnesses, lay witnesses, jurors, and victims. The judge oversees the trial and weighs objections from both sides. The prosecuting attorney represents the state in arguing for conviction, while the defense attorney argues for acquittal of the defendant. Other participants like the bailiff and court reporter ensure order and create an official record of the trial proceedings.
This document summarizes the roles and procedures involved in the American criminal trial system. It describes the main professional actors in the courtroom work group, including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, bailiffs, clerks, and others. It explains their duties and selection processes. It also outlines the stages of a criminal trial from jury selection to presentation of evidence and the roles of witnesses, victims, defendants, and jurors. Key concepts covered include rules of evidence, direct vs. circumstantial evidence, and the adversarial trial structure.
This document discusses prisons and jails in the United States criminal justice system. It notes that prisons are state or federal facilities that incarcerate adults sentenced to confinement, while jails are local facilities that hold individuals pending trial or sentencing or for shorter sentences. The document also discusses the large racial disparities in US prison populations, with incarceration rates for African American males being much higher than for Caucasian males. It outlines different security levels in prisons from minimum to maximum security and classification systems used to determine custody levels. The growth of prison and jail populations is also summarized due to "get tough" sentencing policies like three strikes laws.
The document discusses methods of collecting crime data in the United States, including the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program run by the FBI and the National Crime Victimization Survey. It describes how the UCR program collects monthly crime counts from law enforcement agencies and is transitioning to the enhanced National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) which records more detailed data on individual criminal incidents. The document also summarizes historical crime trends in the US and provides an overview of the different types of violent and property crimes tracked by the UCR/NIBRS program.
The document discusses the nature and types of criminal law. It defines key concepts like statutory law, common law, criminal offenses, and elements of crimes. Criminal law is comprised of substantive and procedural law. Substantive law defines crimes and punishments while procedural law details enforcement methods. For a crime to occur there must be concurrence of a criminal act (actus reus) and criminal intent (mens rea). Defenses to crimes can argue that one or both of these elements are not present. The document provides an overview of the basic components and purposes of criminal law.
This document provides an overview of criminal justice in the United States. It discusses the history of crime and the criminal justice system from the 1850s to present day. Key events include the civil war, prohibition, the civil rights movement, the war on drugs, and increased terrorism investigations after 9/11. The criminal justice system aims to balance individual rights with public safety. It outlines the components of the system including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The stages of processing a criminal case from investigation to sentencing and reentry are also summarized.
Prisons can be considered "total institutions" that develop their own social structures and values. In prisons, there is an informal inmate social world that exists alongside the formal rules imposed by staff. Over time, inmates may become "prisonized" and accept the criminal social norms. Prison subcultures form in response to the deprivations of prison life. Sexual assault in prison is often about asserting power rather than sexual desire. Female inmates face additional hardships of being separated from their children and have different pathways into the criminal justice system. Prisons struggle with ensuring humane conditions and protecting inmates' rights while maintaining security.
Schmalleger Chapter 1 What is criminal justice – chapter 1gregory riley
The document provides an introduction to criminal justice, covering its history and key components in the United States. It discusses the criminal justice system as consisting of police, courts, and corrections working toward both crime control and protecting individual rights. The document also outlines important legal concepts like due process, evidence-based practices, and how multiculturalism relates to criminal justice. It describes shifts after 9/11 toward increased security and the ongoing debate around balancing public safety versus individual freedoms.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
Prisons can be considered "total institutions" that develop their own social structures and values. Inmates form prison subcultures to cope with deprivation. Two social structures exist - the official rules and the more powerful inmate social world. Over time, inmates may become "prisonized" and accept criminal values. Female prisons form "pseudofamilies" to replace lost relationships. Issues facing prisons today include aging inmates, inmates with mental illnesses, and preventing terrorism in corrections facilities.
This document summarizes the evolution of policing from its early beginnings to modern community policing approaches. It describes the development of policing in Britain and its influence on early policing in the US. It then outlines the professional era of policing in the US and its problems. It discusses the emergence of community policing in response to these issues and how it has developed and spread. It concludes by examining new tools, the role of policing in homeland security, and executive sessions on policing.
This document provides an overview of the criminal justice systems of 6 model nations: England, France, Germany, China, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. It discusses their legal traditions, government structures, crime issues, crime rates, crime policies, police forces, corrections systems, constitutions/laws, and judicial systems. Specifically regarding juveniles, it describes France's historical system of paternal power over children and the establishment of juvenile courts and proceedings in 1945 aimed at addressing juvenile crime separately from adult crime.
Este documento resume la evolución histórica de la criminología desde la antigüedad hasta la época moderna. En la antigüedad, filósofos como Platón y Aristóteles consideraban que factores como la pobreza influían en la criminalidad. En la edad media, pensadores continuaron examinando factores físicos y psicológicos. En la época moderna, la criminología emergió como una ciencia empírica e interdisciplinaria, con César Lombroso y Enrico Ferri examinando factores biológicos y
El documento describe la evolución histórica del objetivo de resocialización en las prisiones y las razones del surgimiento de la prisión como pena. Siempre se ha buscado la enmienda del delincuente aunque de manera variable según la época. La prisión surgió no solo por razones humanitarias sino también por necesidades de control social y mano de obra barata. Los primeros sistemas penitenciarios como el Hospicio de San Miguel y la Casa de la Fuerza en Bélgica combinaban trabajo forzado y aislamiento, aunque este
Ernesto Miranda was arrested for kidnapping and rape and interrogated without being informed of his Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination or his right to an attorney. The Supreme Court overturned Miranda's confession in a 5-4 decision, establishing that individuals in custody must be informed of their Miranda rights before interrogation. This included the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. The decision had a lasting impact by establishing Miranda warnings that must be given before questioning by police.
Data reduction techniques to analyze nsl kdd datasetIAEME Publication
The document discusses applying data reduction techniques to the NSL-KDD dataset to analyze network intrusion detection data. It describes how data reduction can minimize data size without losing important information. The document applies several data reduction algorithms to the NSL-KDD dataset and uses the output to train and test two classification algorithms, J48 and Naive Bayes. The results are compared based on accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity to determine which data reduction technique improves classification performance the most. The goal is to find an effective and efficient way to analyze large network intrusion detection datasets using data reduction and machine learning.
The document discusses the history and goals of the US prison system. It describes how prisons evolved from focusing solely on custody in the 1940s-50s to incorporating rehabilitation programs in the 1960s-70s. The three main models of incarceration are the custodial model which focuses on incapacitation and deterrence, the rehabilitation model which emphasizes treatment, and the reintegration model prioritizing community supervision. The document also outlines trends in incarceration rates and prison populations as well as strategies for dealing with overcrowding issues.
Miranda was interrogated by police for two hours without being informed of his constitutional rights against self-incrimination and to legal counsel, resulting in him confessing to the crimes charged. His confession was appealed on the grounds that his rights were violated, but the appeal was denied and his conviction upheld. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled 5-4 in favor of Miranda, concluding that defendants in custody must be informed of their rights before interrogation to protect against self-incrimination.
El documento trata sobre la victimología. Explica que la victimología surge como rama de la criminología y se ocupa de la figura de la víctima y las consecuencias de las agresiones que sufre a manos de otros. También clasifica a las víctimas en diferentes categorías según su grado de culpabilidad y analiza los factores victimógenos que pueden facilitar la victimización.
El documento resume brevemente la historia de la criminología. Comenzó como una disciplina rudimentaria y se desarrolló a través de varias escuelas, incluida la escuela clásica en el siglo XVIII que enfatizó la libertad humana y la escuela positivista del siglo XIX que adoptó un enfoque científico y biológico para explicar el crimen. Finalmente, surgió un enfoque sociológico que ve el crimen como un fenómeno social normal influenciado por factores sociales más que por fact
Mental illness presents challenges for law enforcement. Officers receive little training but often encounter mentally ill individuals, sometimes violently. Common mental illnesses include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorders. Traditionally, officers resorted quickly to force without understanding illnesses. Now, programs like the "Memphis Model" establish crisis intervention teams to de-escalate situations non-violently through engagement, rapport building and community resources. These programs reduce injuries while increasing public awareness of mental health issues.
La historia de las cárceles en México comenzó en la época prehispánica, cuando se utilizaban cercados y jaulas para custodiar a los presos que serían ejecutados o sacrificados. Con la conquista española se introdujeron las instituciones penales de derecho español. Las primeras cárceles formales en México fueron la Cárcel de Belem en la Ciudad de México en el siglo XIX y la Penitenciaría de Lecumberri, que funcionó como prisión principal del país por 76 años hasta su cier
Ensayo del contenido y metodología del derecho penalGabrielaCapelo
Este documento describe el método y contenido del derecho penal. Explica que el derecho penal se divide tradicionalmente en dos partes: la parte general y la parte especial. También describe las tres fases del método técnico jurídico utilizado en derecho penal: interpretación, dogmática y crítica. Finalmente, resume la estructura típica de un código penal, dividiéndolo en introducción, parte general y parte especial.
programa analitico de derecho penal II, objetivo general y especifico de dere...joselitomiguelito
Este documento presenta la materia Derecho Penal II dictada en la Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno. El propósito de la asignatura es proporcionar a los estudiantes conocimientos sobre las diferentes infracciones penales recogidas en la Parte Especial del código penal boliviano. Los objetivos incluyen dotar a los estudiantes de la capacidad de interpretar y aplicar los tipos penales más relevantes, identificar las similitudes y diferencias entre delitos, y aplicar los conocimientos a casos reales. La asignatura se evaluará a través de
This document discusses probation, parole, and community corrections. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like probation, parole, conditions of probation and parole, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole. It also describes the roles and challenges of probation and parole officers, examples of intermediate sanctions, and recent changes and critiques of reentry policies in the US criminal justice system.
Critical thinking is the ability to use logic and reasoning to evaluate information and make decisions. It requires considering multiple perspectives, keeping an open mind, and asking questions to assess the credibility and sufficiency of evidence used to support arguments. The document provides tips for critical thinking such as considering evidence that may contradict a viewpoint, being willing to acknowledge weaknesses in arguments or lack of information, and ensuring assumptions are supported by facts rather than opinions or broad generalizations.
The document discusses the nature and types of criminal law. It defines key concepts like statutory law, common law, criminal offenses, and elements of crimes. Criminal law is comprised of substantive and procedural law. Substantive law defines crimes and punishments while procedural law details enforcement methods. For a crime to occur there must be concurrence of a criminal act (actus reus) and criminal intent (mens rea). Defenses to crimes can argue that one or both of these elements are not present. The document provides an overview of the basic components and purposes of criminal law.
This document provides an overview of criminal justice in the United States. It discusses the history of crime and the criminal justice system from the 1850s to present day. Key events include the civil war, prohibition, the civil rights movement, the war on drugs, and increased terrorism investigations after 9/11. The criminal justice system aims to balance individual rights with public safety. It outlines the components of the system including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The stages of processing a criminal case from investigation to sentencing and reentry are also summarized.
Prisons can be considered "total institutions" that develop their own social structures and values. In prisons, there is an informal inmate social world that exists alongside the formal rules imposed by staff. Over time, inmates may become "prisonized" and accept the criminal social norms. Prison subcultures form in response to the deprivations of prison life. Sexual assault in prison is often about asserting power rather than sexual desire. Female inmates face additional hardships of being separated from their children and have different pathways into the criminal justice system. Prisons struggle with ensuring humane conditions and protecting inmates' rights while maintaining security.
Schmalleger Chapter 1 What is criminal justice – chapter 1gregory riley
The document provides an introduction to criminal justice, covering its history and key components in the United States. It discusses the criminal justice system as consisting of police, courts, and corrections working toward both crime control and protecting individual rights. The document also outlines important legal concepts like due process, evidence-based practices, and how multiculturalism relates to criminal justice. It describes shifts after 9/11 toward increased security and the ongoing debate around balancing public safety versus individual freedoms.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
Prisons can be considered "total institutions" that develop their own social structures and values. Inmates form prison subcultures to cope with deprivation. Two social structures exist - the official rules and the more powerful inmate social world. Over time, inmates may become "prisonized" and accept criminal values. Female prisons form "pseudofamilies" to replace lost relationships. Issues facing prisons today include aging inmates, inmates with mental illnesses, and preventing terrorism in corrections facilities.
This document summarizes the evolution of policing from its early beginnings to modern community policing approaches. It describes the development of policing in Britain and its influence on early policing in the US. It then outlines the professional era of policing in the US and its problems. It discusses the emergence of community policing in response to these issues and how it has developed and spread. It concludes by examining new tools, the role of policing in homeland security, and executive sessions on policing.
This document provides an overview of the criminal justice systems of 6 model nations: England, France, Germany, China, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. It discusses their legal traditions, government structures, crime issues, crime rates, crime policies, police forces, corrections systems, constitutions/laws, and judicial systems. Specifically regarding juveniles, it describes France's historical system of paternal power over children and the establishment of juvenile courts and proceedings in 1945 aimed at addressing juvenile crime separately from adult crime.
Este documento resume la evolución histórica de la criminología desde la antigüedad hasta la época moderna. En la antigüedad, filósofos como Platón y Aristóteles consideraban que factores como la pobreza influían en la criminalidad. En la edad media, pensadores continuaron examinando factores físicos y psicológicos. En la época moderna, la criminología emergió como una ciencia empírica e interdisciplinaria, con César Lombroso y Enrico Ferri examinando factores biológicos y
El documento describe la evolución histórica del objetivo de resocialización en las prisiones y las razones del surgimiento de la prisión como pena. Siempre se ha buscado la enmienda del delincuente aunque de manera variable según la época. La prisión surgió no solo por razones humanitarias sino también por necesidades de control social y mano de obra barata. Los primeros sistemas penitenciarios como el Hospicio de San Miguel y la Casa de la Fuerza en Bélgica combinaban trabajo forzado y aislamiento, aunque este
Ernesto Miranda was arrested for kidnapping and rape and interrogated without being informed of his Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination or his right to an attorney. The Supreme Court overturned Miranda's confession in a 5-4 decision, establishing that individuals in custody must be informed of their Miranda rights before interrogation. This included the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. The decision had a lasting impact by establishing Miranda warnings that must be given before questioning by police.
Data reduction techniques to analyze nsl kdd datasetIAEME Publication
The document discusses applying data reduction techniques to the NSL-KDD dataset to analyze network intrusion detection data. It describes how data reduction can minimize data size without losing important information. The document applies several data reduction algorithms to the NSL-KDD dataset and uses the output to train and test two classification algorithms, J48 and Naive Bayes. The results are compared based on accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity to determine which data reduction technique improves classification performance the most. The goal is to find an effective and efficient way to analyze large network intrusion detection datasets using data reduction and machine learning.
The document discusses the history and goals of the US prison system. It describes how prisons evolved from focusing solely on custody in the 1940s-50s to incorporating rehabilitation programs in the 1960s-70s. The three main models of incarceration are the custodial model which focuses on incapacitation and deterrence, the rehabilitation model which emphasizes treatment, and the reintegration model prioritizing community supervision. The document also outlines trends in incarceration rates and prison populations as well as strategies for dealing with overcrowding issues.
Miranda was interrogated by police for two hours without being informed of his constitutional rights against self-incrimination and to legal counsel, resulting in him confessing to the crimes charged. His confession was appealed on the grounds that his rights were violated, but the appeal was denied and his conviction upheld. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled 5-4 in favor of Miranda, concluding that defendants in custody must be informed of their rights before interrogation to protect against self-incrimination.
El documento trata sobre la victimología. Explica que la victimología surge como rama de la criminología y se ocupa de la figura de la víctima y las consecuencias de las agresiones que sufre a manos de otros. También clasifica a las víctimas en diferentes categorías según su grado de culpabilidad y analiza los factores victimógenos que pueden facilitar la victimización.
El documento resume brevemente la historia de la criminología. Comenzó como una disciplina rudimentaria y se desarrolló a través de varias escuelas, incluida la escuela clásica en el siglo XVIII que enfatizó la libertad humana y la escuela positivista del siglo XIX que adoptó un enfoque científico y biológico para explicar el crimen. Finalmente, surgió un enfoque sociológico que ve el crimen como un fenómeno social normal influenciado por factores sociales más que por fact
Mental illness presents challenges for law enforcement. Officers receive little training but often encounter mentally ill individuals, sometimes violently. Common mental illnesses include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorders. Traditionally, officers resorted quickly to force without understanding illnesses. Now, programs like the "Memphis Model" establish crisis intervention teams to de-escalate situations non-violently through engagement, rapport building and community resources. These programs reduce injuries while increasing public awareness of mental health issues.
La historia de las cárceles en México comenzó en la época prehispánica, cuando se utilizaban cercados y jaulas para custodiar a los presos que serían ejecutados o sacrificados. Con la conquista española se introdujeron las instituciones penales de derecho español. Las primeras cárceles formales en México fueron la Cárcel de Belem en la Ciudad de México en el siglo XIX y la Penitenciaría de Lecumberri, que funcionó como prisión principal del país por 76 años hasta su cier
Ensayo del contenido y metodología del derecho penalGabrielaCapelo
Este documento describe el método y contenido del derecho penal. Explica que el derecho penal se divide tradicionalmente en dos partes: la parte general y la parte especial. También describe las tres fases del método técnico jurídico utilizado en derecho penal: interpretación, dogmática y crítica. Finalmente, resume la estructura típica de un código penal, dividiéndolo en introducción, parte general y parte especial.
programa analitico de derecho penal II, objetivo general y especifico de dere...joselitomiguelito
Este documento presenta la materia Derecho Penal II dictada en la Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno. El propósito de la asignatura es proporcionar a los estudiantes conocimientos sobre las diferentes infracciones penales recogidas en la Parte Especial del código penal boliviano. Los objetivos incluyen dotar a los estudiantes de la capacidad de interpretar y aplicar los tipos penales más relevantes, identificar las similitudes y diferencias entre delitos, y aplicar los conocimientos a casos reales. La asignatura se evaluará a través de
This document discusses probation, parole, and community corrections. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like probation, parole, conditions of probation and parole, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole. It also describes the roles and challenges of probation and parole officers, examples of intermediate sanctions, and recent changes and critiques of reentry policies in the US criminal justice system.
Critical thinking is the ability to use logic and reasoning to evaluate information and make decisions. It requires considering multiple perspectives, keeping an open mind, and asking questions to assess the credibility and sufficiency of evidence used to support arguments. The document provides tips for critical thinking such as considering evidence that may contradict a viewpoint, being willing to acknowledge weaknesses in arguments or lack of information, and ensuring assumptions are supported by facts rather than opinions or broad generalizations.
This document discusses issues and challenges in policing, covering topics like police subculture, corruption, dangers faced by police, post-9/11 policing changes, civil liability, racial profiling, use of force, and promoting professionalism. It provides learning objectives for each section and describes key points, such as how the police subculture is shaped more by informal socialization than training, types of police corruption, physical and mental hazards of police work, the expanded counterterrorism role of police after 9/11, common sources of civil suits against police, efforts to address racial profiling, guidelines for use of force, and the importance of education and ethics in professional policing.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system. It describes how juveniles were traditionally treated the same as adults under the law. The modern juvenile justice system began in 1899 with the establishment of the first juvenile court in Illinois, which applied a rehabilitation model rather than punishment. The juvenile court system was based on the principles of treating children as redeemable and focusing on their best interests rather than guilt or innocence. The system has since undergone several changes and reforms through legislation.
This chapter discusses the criminal justice system in the United States. It covers:
1) The history of crime and criminal justice in the U.S. from the 1850s to the present.
2) How the criminal justice system balances individual rights with public order and safety.
3) The structure of the U.S. criminal justice system, which consists of police, courts, and corrections.
Chapter 5 Challenges to Effective PolicingKatrina Homer
The document summarizes key aspects of policing including:
1) Police recruits undergo training at the police academy to learn laws and procedures, then receive field training from officers to apply their knowledge on the job.
2) Community policing aims to increase community cooperation and support for police, and problem-oriented policing seeks to solve the root causes of crime in specific areas.
3) Police work involves dangers and stress, while officers also face ethical dilemmas regarding their discretion, duties, honesty, and loyalties.
The East India Company was granted authority over administration of justice in its territories through several charters and agreements. The 1600 charter allowed the Company to establish laws for self-governance but did not mention territories or factories. The 1623 commission explicitly authorized punishment on Company lands. The 1661 charter expanded this, allowing governors and councils to judge all civil and criminal cases in factories. The important factory in Surat was established in 1612 as a commercial and populous center, and the Mughal firman of 1615 recognized the Company's authority to govern itself under its own laws in disputes. A dual legal system operated without clear territorial jurisdiction.
This document summarizes the purpose and functions of the criminal justice system. It discusses competing views of the criminal justice system's purpose as either crime control focused on effectively punishing criminals, or due process focused on protecting individual rights and limiting state power. It notes these are not mutually exclusive views but represent different emphases. The criminal justice system can be understood as a set of social institutions that regulate behavior through sometimes coercive means, within procedural limits aimed at protecting individuals. Overall the document provides context around debates about balancing crime control and due process in the criminal justice system.
The document summarizes the judicial system of Pakistan. It discusses the following key points:
1. The judicial system has evolved over time from Hindu, Muslim, and British rule and is now based on English common law mixed with Islamic law.
2. The system includes the Supreme Court, high courts, district and sessions courts, special tribunals, and family and juvenile courts.
3. Appointments of judges were reformed in 2010 to establish a judicial commission and parliamentary committee process in response to allegations of favoritism.
The document describes the US court system, including both federal and state levels. It notes that most criminal cases originate in state courts. It then provides details on the structure and jurisdiction of state trial courts, appellate courts, and supreme courts. It also outlines the three-tiered federal court system consisting of district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It provides information on judges, jurisdiction, and appeals processes at both the state and federal levels.
The document outlines a chapter that discusses the US federal judicial system. It covers the structure of the system, including the district courts, courts of appeal, and Supreme Court. It also addresses the process of selecting judges and justices, the backgrounds of judges, and the role of courts in making policy decisions. Key topics covered include the nomination and confirmation process, how courts accept cases, and how decisions are made.
The document outlines a chapter that discusses the US federal judicial system. It covers the structure of the system, including the district courts, courts of appeal, and Supreme Court. It also addresses the process of selecting judges and justices, the backgrounds of judges, and the role of courts in making policy decisions. Key topics covered include the nomination and confirmation process, how courts accept and decide cases, and implementing judicial rulings.
This document discusses prisons and jails in the United States criminal justice system. It notes that prisons are state or federal facilities that incarcerate adults sentenced to confinement, while jails are local facilities that hold individuals pending trial or sentencing or for shorter sentences. The document also discusses the large racial disparities in US prison populations, with incarceration rates for African American males being much higher than for Caucasian males. It outlines different security levels in prisons from minimum to maximum security and classification systems used to determine custody levels. The growth of prison and jail populations is also summarized due to "get tough" sentencing policies like three strikes laws.
Ap government the_federal_court_system_reviewjtoma84
The document summarizes key characteristics of the US federal court system. It describes the system as adversarial, with plaintiffs bringing charges against defendants before impartial judges. It also notes the system is passive, as judges can only rule on actual cases rather than hypothetical ones. The document outlines the complex dual court structure with both federal and state courts. It provides details on jurisdiction, the three tiers of courts including district, appeals, and Supreme Court, and judicial review established by Marbury v Madison.
The document summarizes key characteristics of the federal court system in the United States. It describes the federal court system as adversarial, with plaintiffs bringing charges against defendants before impartial judges. It also notes the system is passive, as judges can only rule on actual cases rather than hypothetical ones. The document outlines the multi-tiered structure of federal courts established by the Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789, including district courts, courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court as the final arbiter on constitutional matters.
This document outlines Chapter 7 from a criminal justice textbook. It discusses the structure and functions of the US court system, including: the historical foundations that influenced the US legal system; the dual federal and state court structure; differences between criminal and civil law; the structure and roles of federal courts including magistrate courts, district courts, appeals courts, and the Supreme Court; and the process for case review by the Supreme Court.
The document discusses the structure and processes of the American court system. It explains that the U.S. has a dual court system containing trial courts that handle both civil lawsuits and criminal prosecutions, appellate courts that hear appeals from trial courts, and the Supreme Court. It describes the jurisdiction and processes of district courts, appellate courts, and the Supreme Court. It also discusses the selection of federal judges and theories of how Supreme Court justices make decisions.
The document provides an overview of the criminal justice systems in Britain and the United States. It discusses the court structures and legal traditions of England/Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. It also compares the police, courts, and corrections branches of the U.S. system. Finally, it analyzes similarities and differences between the roles of lawyers, legal education, and sources of legal authority in the two countries.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to sentencing in the criminal justice system, including retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restorative justice. It also discusses types of sentencing such as indeterminate sentencing, structured sentencing, and mandatory minimums. Alternative sentencing options and the role of victims in the sentencing process are also covered briefly.
The document summarizes key aspects of the U.S. judiciary system. It discusses the origins of the U.S. judiciary in the Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789 which established the Supreme Court and federal district courts. It also examines the basis of U.S. law in common law and legal precedents, the sources of U.S. law, and the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system including the Supreme Court. Finally, it reviews the process for selecting federal judges and their role in making policy decisions.
IST 309 Team-ProjectA. Write about laws of Drones. (Like Privacy.docxpriestmanmable
IST 309 Team-Project
A. Write about laws of Drones. (Like Privacy rights or public concerns)NO TITLE PAGE!
B. The main content of my paper is talking about Laws of public concerns, so don’t talking about military or famers or other things!
C. You must read these three articles and quote these articles, moreover use these articles as your references.
http://www.nationaljournal.com/tech/few-privacy-limitations-exist-on-how-police-use-drones-20150205
http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2015/mar/05/drones-california-police-sacramento-privacy/
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2014/11/drones-and-aerial-surveillance
D. APA format, double space, NO INTRODUTION, NO HISTORY, because it is a team project and I need write a Laws Part on it. Other team member will do introduction and history part. SO, PLEASE just write LAWS of Drones!
E. This is the order of my paper.
1. A starting of Laws of Drones. The following is a example, you need to write like that, but you cannot copy it:
(As drones become cheaper and more capable, more police departments across the country are asking for and getting federal approval to use them for law enforcement.
But the Federal Aviation Administration only takes safety into consideration when it grants a law enforcement agency approval to use drones, leaving privacy protections to legislation—which, depending on the state in question, may or may not exist.)
2. Give a Real Example of Drones.
a) How Drones invasion of Privacy? Give a real example of it. Like Drone fly to someone’s backyard without search warrant.
b) Talk about a certain law about Drones of privacy protection.
c) How public feels about it? How public concerns about it?
3. Talk about two Police Departments have different views: Mesa County and other law enforcement agencies. You need to write down the following content on my paper.(You can get a lot information from first article).
a) Mesa County proactive role in drones and publics concerns
i. Largent Drone Program in the US
ii. 17 pages Policy Manual on Drones
b) Other Law Enforcement agencies played a more secretive role in deploying Drones.
4. Bills and Government Regulation. (You can get more information from second article).
a) Write Laws SB-142 and AB-56, and list the main points of Drones from these two laws.
b) Talk about Government Regulations.
5. The views of Gregory McNeal(You can get more information from third article)
a) Give an introduction of Gregory McNeal, like Gregory McNeal who is Professor of Pepperdine University and also is an Expert in Law and Public Policy.
b) Talk about Gregory McNeal’s Main Focus: security, technology and crime.
c) Write about Five Core Recommendations of Gregory McNeal.
d) Give more details or explain Fifth Point of McNeal. It’s following one.
(5. Legislators should recognize that technology such as geofencing and auto-redaction, may make aerial surveillance by drones more protective of privacy than human surveillance.)
State Court System
Chapte ...
This document discusses the key participants in a criminal courtroom trial. It describes the roles of the judge, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney, bailiff, and court reporter. The judge oversees the trial and makes legal rulings, while the prosecuting attorney argues the state's case against the defendant and the defense attorney argues on behalf of the defendant. The bailiff maintains order in the courtroom and oversees the jury.
The United States has a dual court system consisting of state courts and federal courts. The state court system includes appellate courts, trial courts of general and limited jurisdiction, and local courts. The federal court system includes the Supreme Court, courts of appeals, and district courts which hear both civil and criminal cases. Both systems have a hierarchical structure with different levels of courts and jurisdictions.
The document summarizes different levels of courts in the United States legal system. It discusses:
1) Trial courts, which are the first courts to hear cases and have original jurisdiction. They include federal district courts and state trial courts like circuit courts.
2) Appellate courts, which review decisions of lower courts for legal errors. At the federal level, these include federal courts of appeals and the Supreme Court. States also have appellate courts.
3) Specialized courts like juvenile courts, which emphasize rehabilitation over punishment for juveniles, and probate courts, which administer wills and estates.
Criminal Justice A Brief IntroductionThirteenth Edition.docxrichardnorman90310
This document provides an overview of the American court system, including:
- The dual state and federal court structures, with state systems gradually losing power to the federal government.
- The main levels and functions of state and federal courts, from local and specialized courts handling minor issues, to trial courts of general jurisdiction, to appellate courts reviewing lower decisions and state supreme courts acting as final arbiters.
- Various pretrial procedures like arraignment, bail determinations, grand juries or preliminary hearings to evaluate the evidence against a defendant before trial.
The document summarizes the structure and jurisdiction of the US federal court system. It discusses the 94 federal district courts which have original jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases. It also describes the 12 federal courts of appeals which have appellate jurisdiction and hear cases appealed from lower courts. Additionally, it briefly outlines two other constitutional courts: the Court of International Trade which hears trade law cases, and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit which has nationwide jurisdiction over cases from several other courts.
The document provides an overview of the federal court system in the United States. It describes how the Founding Fathers established an independent judicial branch to balance the powers of the executive and legislative branches. It then outlines the different levels of federal courts, including U.S. District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court. It also discusses the key concepts of judicial review and how landmark cases like Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education shaped the interpretation of civil rights protections in the Constitution.
The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of the U.S. federal court system. It describes the main levels as the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, and District Courts. It also mentions several specialty courts like the Court of International Trade. The document provides information on jurisdiction, types of cases heard at each level, appointment of judges, and compares the federal system to state court structures.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"