Lng outlook and market webinar sept 2020Sampe Purba
This short presentation describes the imbalance of LNG supply demand globally. In such a situation the commercial flexibility from supply sides do required, along with the infrastructures to bring gas to the new unconventional traditional market
I spoke at the Harvard Club in February of 2020 on renewable energy, how it can be used to provide a low carbon fuel to electric vehicles, and how both can play a greater role in reducing climate change and increasing jobs and economic growth if government policy helps promote the technologies.
The Race of Our Lives: A summary of Jeremy Grantham’s seminal note to investo...Jeremy Leggett
A precis of the recently-updated 35 page classic note by the investment legend, aiming to be readable in minutes. Subject: climate change meets population meets soil meets agriculture, meets other problems .....and implications for both investors and the rest of us.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs Could Enable a Moores Law for Energy - Nov 19 2014Lewis Larsen
Uniquely radiation-free LENRs could enable a Moore’s Law for Energy: exponential increases in our available energy supplies will be needed to meet future global demand arising from achieving universal electrification and Internet connectivity at reasonable societal cost, along with a concomitant drastic reduction of CO2 emissions.
This is the only entirely new type of primary energy technology on the foreseeable horizon that can potentially extend the lifetime of present fossil fuel reserves by transforming aromatic fractions of oil and coal into 21st century green CO2-free LENR fuels as well as providing the world economy with an extremely dense source of affordable green energy, connecting the unconnected, and empowering billions of presently powerless people.
The fossil fuels industry, big oil, big coal, natural gas, and its allied sectors, including some large financial institutions, will not quietly or willingly retire into the history of ideas whose time has passed. That fossil fuels represent the single greatest systemic risk to our collective economic wellbeing, however obvious to increasing numbers of fiduciaries, is not a consideration for the industry’s plutocrats. A divestiture campaign to get money out of fossil fuels stocks has emerged, indicating an emerging popular awareness that we must and will transform our energy society into one that can coexist with and even thrive on a finite earth. That a massive global transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energies, led by solar, also means that there are and will continue to be competitive investment returns earned from carefully selected investment exposure to the sector.
Lng outlook and market webinar sept 2020Sampe Purba
This short presentation describes the imbalance of LNG supply demand globally. In such a situation the commercial flexibility from supply sides do required, along with the infrastructures to bring gas to the new unconventional traditional market
I spoke at the Harvard Club in February of 2020 on renewable energy, how it can be used to provide a low carbon fuel to electric vehicles, and how both can play a greater role in reducing climate change and increasing jobs and economic growth if government policy helps promote the technologies.
The Race of Our Lives: A summary of Jeremy Grantham’s seminal note to investo...Jeremy Leggett
A precis of the recently-updated 35 page classic note by the investment legend, aiming to be readable in minutes. Subject: climate change meets population meets soil meets agriculture, meets other problems .....and implications for both investors and the rest of us.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs Could Enable a Moores Law for Energy - Nov 19 2014Lewis Larsen
Uniquely radiation-free LENRs could enable a Moore’s Law for Energy: exponential increases in our available energy supplies will be needed to meet future global demand arising from achieving universal electrification and Internet connectivity at reasonable societal cost, along with a concomitant drastic reduction of CO2 emissions.
This is the only entirely new type of primary energy technology on the foreseeable horizon that can potentially extend the lifetime of present fossil fuel reserves by transforming aromatic fractions of oil and coal into 21st century green CO2-free LENR fuels as well as providing the world economy with an extremely dense source of affordable green energy, connecting the unconnected, and empowering billions of presently powerless people.
The fossil fuels industry, big oil, big coal, natural gas, and its allied sectors, including some large financial institutions, will not quietly or willingly retire into the history of ideas whose time has passed. That fossil fuels represent the single greatest systemic risk to our collective economic wellbeing, however obvious to increasing numbers of fiduciaries, is not a consideration for the industry’s plutocrats. A divestiture campaign to get money out of fossil fuels stocks has emerged, indicating an emerging popular awareness that we must and will transform our energy society into one that can coexist with and even thrive on a finite earth. That a massive global transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energies, led by solar, also means that there are and will continue to be competitive investment returns earned from carefully selected investment exposure to the sector.
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My latest Big Picture update for the team at Solarcentury, built around the latest report from Carbon Tracker, "Decline and Fall", published 4th June.
Apologies for typo in slide 4. Date in bottom caption should read 2023 not 2003.
Energy Efficiency – Good for the World’s Economy; Good for the Nation’s Econo...Alliance To Save Energy
States awaiting stimulus funds will be pleased to know that when it comes to funding energy efficiency programs, their dollars will go far. Drastically reduced energy consumption and immediate job growth are just some of the benefits that effective policies and programs can bring, particularly to the Appalachian region, which has the highest energy consumption in the country. Kateri Callahan presented these findings to the annual Charlotte Regional Partnership Investors Board in Charlotte, N.C., where already progressive energy efficiency policies and programs are taking root. Callahan also briefed the audience of investors and board members on the climate and energy bills moving through Congress.
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This paper was written in 2000 as part of the CEPMLP's LLM in Petroleum Law and Policy program. It examines the challenges faced by Middle Eastern LNG in Asian and European markets.
A Geological Perspective On Global WarmingPaul Schumann
By Peter Rose
The relative contribution of Man's activities, as opposed to Nature's activities,,to the observed recent rises in Earth temperatures, is unresolved. In addition to the oft-noted inability of climate modeling to reproduce the documented recent past, a major shortcoming of contemporary climate studies is that they rest upon very short time spans, whereas climate change considered from a geological perspective encourages much less anxiety about the climate future of the world. If it turns out that most observed global warming is the result of natural causes, as seems increasingly likely, proposed voluntary economic initiatives by Western nations to limit CO2 emissions will constitute a serious and unnecessary economic wound, self-inflicted at the worst possible time. Sunspot cycles suggest that we are about to enter -- indeed may have already begun -- an extended period of global cooling. Recent unsavory revelations (“Climate Gate”) have cast doubt on thedependability of the science underpinning Anthropogenic Global Warming.
Peter R. Rose (BS, MA, PhD, Geology, University of Texas at Austin) is a certified petroleum geologist who was Staff Geologist with Shell Oil Company; Chief, Oil and Gas Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey; and Chief Geologist and Director of Frontier Exploration for Energy Reserves Group, Inc. (now BHP Petroleum (Americas), Inc.). In 1980, he established his own independent oil and gas consulting firm, Telegraph Exploration, Inc. His clients include most major U.S. companies and prominent independents as well as many international firms and state oil companies. Dr. Rose has explored for oil and gas in most North American geological provinces and has published and lectured widely on U.S. resource assessment, basin analysis, play development, prospect evaluation, and risk and uncertainty in exploration. He has taught extensively at the professional level and was a 1985/1986 AAPG Distinguished Lecturer.
COP15: Gassing 15 years on Carbon and Climate ChangeSandip Sen
You cannot control emissions by merely penalising.
CAP & TRADE will only benefit the Wall Street.It will also hurt the energy industry and raise your energy bills phenomenally . STOP chasing GASSES . Build technologies that DO NOT GAS. GLOBALIZE Mass produce CHEAPclean energy Support Direct Funding of SOLAR ENERGY, WIND POWER and RAINFOREST PLANATION.
A history of the solar century so far: a tale of disruption, denial, and exis...Jeremy Leggett
An account of the oil industry's response to climate risk and the emergence of low-cost solar since that late 1990s as seen by a bit-part player in the drama. As presented in the closing keynote at the UBS Renewables and Energy Transition Virtual Conference, 17th September.
History of oil and gas production from shale in pictures and charts: Why Amer...Jeremy Leggett
The history of the American shale gas and shale oil boom since fracking began around 2006, and the state of play in the UK's long-delayed effort to copy it.
Covid-19 has accelerated the stranding of fossil-fuel-economy assets. What do...Jeremy Leggett
My latest Big Picture update for the team at Solarcentury, built around the latest report from Carbon Tracker, "Decline and Fall", published 4th June.
Apologies for typo in slide 4. Date in bottom caption should read 2023 not 2003.
Energy Efficiency – Good for the World’s Economy; Good for the Nation’s Econo...Alliance To Save Energy
States awaiting stimulus funds will be pleased to know that when it comes to funding energy efficiency programs, their dollars will go far. Drastically reduced energy consumption and immediate job growth are just some of the benefits that effective policies and programs can bring, particularly to the Appalachian region, which has the highest energy consumption in the country. Kateri Callahan presented these findings to the annual Charlotte Regional Partnership Investors Board in Charlotte, N.C., where already progressive energy efficiency policies and programs are taking root. Callahan also briefed the audience of investors and board members on the climate and energy bills moving through Congress.
A search for hope on the climate front lines in 2020Jeremy Leggett
My presentation at Cambridge University on 5th March. In it I describe an idea for a new people-power company to help lead the charge to a zero-carbon world by decarbonising, recarbonising, and pressuring foot draggers: ZeroCarbon Revolution. A video of the talk can be found at https://climateseries.com/
This paper was written in 2000 as part of the CEPMLP's LLM in Petroleum Law and Policy program. It examines the challenges faced by Middle Eastern LNG in Asian and European markets.
A Geological Perspective On Global WarmingPaul Schumann
By Peter Rose
The relative contribution of Man's activities, as opposed to Nature's activities,,to the observed recent rises in Earth temperatures, is unresolved. In addition to the oft-noted inability of climate modeling to reproduce the documented recent past, a major shortcoming of contemporary climate studies is that they rest upon very short time spans, whereas climate change considered from a geological perspective encourages much less anxiety about the climate future of the world. If it turns out that most observed global warming is the result of natural causes, as seems increasingly likely, proposed voluntary economic initiatives by Western nations to limit CO2 emissions will constitute a serious and unnecessary economic wound, self-inflicted at the worst possible time. Sunspot cycles suggest that we are about to enter -- indeed may have already begun -- an extended period of global cooling. Recent unsavory revelations (“Climate Gate”) have cast doubt on thedependability of the science underpinning Anthropogenic Global Warming.
Peter R. Rose (BS, MA, PhD, Geology, University of Texas at Austin) is a certified petroleum geologist who was Staff Geologist with Shell Oil Company; Chief, Oil and Gas Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey; and Chief Geologist and Director of Frontier Exploration for Energy Reserves Group, Inc. (now BHP Petroleum (Americas), Inc.). In 1980, he established his own independent oil and gas consulting firm, Telegraph Exploration, Inc. His clients include most major U.S. companies and prominent independents as well as many international firms and state oil companies. Dr. Rose has explored for oil and gas in most North American geological provinces and has published and lectured widely on U.S. resource assessment, basin analysis, play development, prospect evaluation, and risk and uncertainty in exploration. He has taught extensively at the professional level and was a 1985/1986 AAPG Distinguished Lecturer.
COP15: Gassing 15 years on Carbon and Climate ChangeSandip Sen
You cannot control emissions by merely penalising.
CAP & TRADE will only benefit the Wall Street.It will also hurt the energy industry and raise your energy bills phenomenally . STOP chasing GASSES . Build technologies that DO NOT GAS. GLOBALIZE Mass produce CHEAPclean energy Support Direct Funding of SOLAR ENERGY, WIND POWER and RAINFOREST PLANATION.
2019 Election| LNG| Natural Resources| Canada| August 2019paul young cpa, cga
Canada is one of the top exporters of Natural Gas
Canada lacks the LNG capacity to expand LNG exports
United States continues to expand its export market for its LNG - https://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2018/08/05/despite-trade-war-u-s-natural-gas-exports-booming-to-record-highs/#173faff614ea
Canada regulatory process will get messier if bill C-69 becomes law - https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/video/what-bill-c-69-means-for-industry~1483271
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
The Global CCS Institute presented a workshop at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) ‘Carbon Management Technology Conference’ in Alexandria, Virginia on 20 October 2013.
LNG is large growth market as more and more countries look at alternatives to coal for electrical power generation. There are two large players fighting it out in the LNG market and that is United States and Russia.
Senator the Honourable Kevin Ramnarine, Minister of Energy and Energy Affairs speech from the Energy Lecture Series 2015 hosted by the Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business on Wed. 12th Auguster 2015.
August 12th 2015
After a “perfect storm” of global recession and shale gas
expansion, a new wave of environmental, production, transport, and international demand drivers have the energy market on a bull run. This white paper outlines the driver for longer term energy price increase trends, and discusses steps an organization may take to minimize related risks. - Expertise authored by Ecova, Inc
Changes to the generation portfolio, the introduction of significant renewable resources, and the deployment of customer-side resources are fundamentally changing the way electricity is produced and delivered to customers. These changes are having a significant impact on the developments and operation of the transmission system and are occurring in an environment of decreasing demand growth which impacts utility revenues and puts pressure on rates. This presentation will examine how they will impact the amount and location of transmission needed, the rates that can be charged for it, and its relative value in a utility’s portfolio assets.
PLG Consulting’s CEO, Graham Brisben presented his presentation Shale Developments: The Evolving Transportation Impacts to the Broe Group on June 23, 2014.
Marc Montalvo, Daymark Energy Advisors President and Principal Consultant, was a featured speaker at the PJM Symposium "Grid 20/20: Focus on Public Policy Goals and Market Efficiency" on August 18, 2016. Find the full set of his slides from the event here, or view the event recording at http://www.pjm.com/committees-and-groups/stakeholder-meetings/symposiums-forums/grid-2020-public-policy-goals-mkt-efficiency.aspx
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As a clean burning fuel, Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition, particularly for hard to abate sectors; however, it should only be deployed where appropriate, and the potential electricity requirement for green hydrogen should also be considered
Topics under discussion range from renewable energy sources, greenhouse gas emissions and long term nuclear waste storage to affordability for low income families.
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"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
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➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
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What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
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3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
Schlesinger trb slides 7 18-2013
1. Natural Gas as a Transportation
Fuel: Overview and Context
Benjamin Schlesinger and Associates, LLC
Bethesda, Maryland
2013 Summer Meeting of the Freight, Marine and Planning Committees
Transportation Research Board
The National Academies
Washington, DC – July 18, 2013
1
2. Outline
u Introduction
u Gas supply: shale gas (and shale oil)
u Gas demand in crisis – transportation and other ‘new’ uses
u Conclusions.
2
Here, ‘gas’ is methane = natural gas (compressed or
liquefied), not liquid propane gas (LPG), natural gas
liquids (NGLs) or gasoline
3. BSA – 29 years of gas and energy advisory
services.
u Economics, pipeline tariffs,
contracting, price risks.
– Research & training
– Negotiation of gas contracts
– Due diligence – Review for lenders
in financing of LNG, power plants,
gas storage
– Expert in courts & arbitrations,
testified in 16 jurisdictions.
u 600+ assignments
u 27 countries.
Cients: Energy buyers & sellers, electricity
and heating plants, gas and oil pipelines,
banks, governments, universities.
Expertise Major Assignments
Power generators
Lenders
Pipelines/traders
LNG projects
Regulators
Expert testimony
UNECE
European pipelines
GdF Suez, Repsol, BG
Eastern Europe
West African pipeline
Sonatrach (Bechtel)
Japan gas utilities
Mitsubishi
Philippine NPC
3
4. Despite all the words and numbers, people
still don’t really grasp this.
u The ship arrives.
u Were it a country, domestic shale-
fields would be the world’s 3rd
largest gas producer.
u Many policy, economic, academic
and environmental studies are
very outdated, e.g., from Internet/
Google.
u Shale ‘debate’ is lost on most
people.
4
Estm. US Shale Gas Production, Bcf/day
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Rest of US
Bakken (ND)
Eagle Ford (TX)
Marcellus (PA and WV)
Haynesville (LA and TX)
Woodford (OK)
Fayetteville (AR)
Barnett (TX)
Antrim (MI, IN, and OH)
Source: EIAAdministrator Adam Sieminski, 5/2013.
5. US has added 4.6 MBD equivalent of shale
gas production since 2001.
1.1 2.0 2.7
4.2
2.7
3.7
11.5
-
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Holland Norway Qatar EU, Total Venezuela Iran Saudi
MBD,equivalent
Annual US shale gas production (just the growth)
Source: BSA 2013, from BP Statistical Review 2013 & EIA (est. shale production).
Gas Production, 2012 Oil Production, 2012
5
…plus: over 2 MBD rise in US shale oil
production, so far.
6. How long will North America’s big
hydrocarbons price gap persist?
Source: BSA 2013, from EIA, CME-NYMEX, July 12, 2013 Settlements. 6
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$14.00
$16.00
$18.00
$20.00
$22.00
$24.00
Jan-01
Mar-02
May-03
Jul-04
Sep-05
Nov-06
Jan-08
Mar-09
May-10
Jul-11
Sep-12
Nov-13
Jan-15
Mar-16
May-17
Jul-18
Sep-19
Nov-20
Henry Hub Futures
Henry Hub Acutals
WTI Actuals
Brent Actuals
WTI Futures
Brent Futures
7. High crude oil prices attract rigs away
from gas-prone shale fields.
-
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Jan-01
Jan-03
Jan-05
Jan-07
Jan-09
Jan-11
Jan-13
Jan-15
Jan-17
Jan-19
WTI/HH Actuals WTI/HH Futures
Oil Rigs/Gas Rigs
u Past: Crude prices rose while gas
prices fell, until crude prices
averaged 6x gas price in 2012 –
drillers moved off to oily shales:
– Eagle Ford, Texas
– Bakken, North Dakota
– Utica, Ohio
u Today: $96 crude oil is 4x gas
($16.55/MMBtu versus $4.10).
u Outlook: Oil prices and oil drilling
rigs both at 3-to-one over natural
gas, until gas production falls and
its price rises.
7
Crude Oil-to-Gas Ratio
Price of crude / gas
(actual)
Price of crude / gas
(NYMEX futures)
Rigs drilling for
crude / gas
Source: BSA 2013, from CME-NYMEX, futures at 3/28/13, Baker Hughes U.S. weekly rig count.
8. US production of tight oil and NGLs is now
rising as dramatically as natural gas did.
u Emerging shale plays are forcing
new technologies:
– Multi-well/multi-stage
– Recycling of return waters
– New tech (dry fracking, CO2).
u Major challenges:
– Low gas and NGL prices (tends to
self-correct)
– Pipeline bottlenecks, both gas and
oil (flaring)
– High cost of rail
– Environmental & safety issues?
– Skilled labor shortages.
8
MBD
Source (chart): EIAAdministrator Adam Sieminski, June 2013.
9. EIA’s US Gas Production to 2035
9Source: EIA, AEO 2013 Reference Case.
US natural gas markets
are saturated; need more
places to put gas!
10. Most near-term surplus gas will be spent
replacing coal in aging power plants.
- 20 40 60
10Source: BSA 2012, coal plants in 20 Northeast and Mid-West states from EIA, plus Ontario; map from AEP.
Newer than 30 years, 12%
30-40 years, 27%
40-50 years, 33%
50 years or older, 28%
Coal-Fired Plants, MW Retiring Coal-Fired Plants
11. The good news: Replacing old coal with
new gas reduces CO2 emissions by 63-72%.
Average
Age of
Plants
at
Retire-
ment
No. of
Plants
Retired
in Each
Year
Total Net
Summer
Capacity,
GW
CO2
Reduction
Replacing
Bituminous
Coal with
Gas
2009 50 12 0.5 67.7%
2010 54 35 1.5 69.4%
2011 62 31 2.5 63.3%
2012 56 57 8.9 63.9%
2013 55 14 2.1 71.7%
2014 57 34 4.7 64.4%
2015 57 61 9.9 63.1%
u GHG reduction due to:
– Chemical advantage: Gas burning
emits 46% less CO2 than coal.
– Efficiency advantage of new gas
CCGTs versus old coal boilers:
55-60% vs. 31-33%.
– Carbon emissions savings from fuel
cycle as well.
u Other criteria air emissions
reduced/prevented, especially
sulfur, particulates, oxidants.
u But the “low-hanging fruit”
might all be picked by 2020.
11Source: BSA 2012, from EIA and Siemens data.
12. Global firms plan to spend $80 billion on
new US gas-based industries.
u About 100 new manufacturing
plants in development:
– Chemicals & petrochemicals
– Fertilizers
– Steel & aluminum
– Tires, plastics
– Gas to liquids
u Most sited near the Gulf Coast.
u If all proceed, added gas
demand will reach 11 Bcf/day
by 2035.
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2018 2035Bcfperday
Incremental gas demand
Source: Dow Chemical, 2012.
13. Natural gas (CNG and LNG) has begun to
find markets trucking, rail and ships.
13Source: Westport Innovations Inc., Vancouver, BC.
14. Why doesn’t America have 20 million
natural gas vehicles by now?
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
Natural Gas 87 Octane
$/MMBtu
Henry Hub Mid & Marketing
WGL Delivery Compression
Road Tax Pump Price
u Favorable economics since 1980s!
u Natural gas is best used in large
vehicles, high-mileage fleets:
– LNG: Long-distance trucks and
railroads, buses, shipping
– CNG: UPS, Dulles Flyer cabs.
forklifts, compressors
u Lower mileage personal vehicles
will benefit more from electricity:
– $4 natural gas vs. $32 gasoline
(per MMBtu)
– 61% efficient CCCTs vs. 26%
efficient piston engines
– No wonder electricity = 79 c/gal!
14Source: BSA 2011, from NYMEX, EIA data.
15. In some regions, battery EVs are, in effect,
just very high-efficiency NGVs.
u Production of methanol and gasoline from natural gas (GTL) will also
become options, as price differentials remains favorable.
15Source: Schlesinger / Tesla Motors.
16. Benjamin Schlesinger and Associates, LLC
The Bethesda Gateway
7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 740
Bethesda, MD 20814
Phone: (301) 951-7266 Fax: (301) 951-3381
Visit us at www.BSAenergy.com
16
18. Gas supplies 27% of US primary
energy – coal supplies 42% electricity.
18Source: BSA 2013, from EIA data for 12-mo. year-ending 10/31/2012.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Buildings Industry Transport Elec Gen
QBtu
Elec Sys Losses
Elec Retail
Renewable
Hydro
Nuclear
Oil
Gas
Coal
19. Gas prices among markets differ greatly
from one continent to another.
19Source:
UNECE
WPG
LNG
report,
Chapter
1,
update
courtesy
Ken
Medlock,
James
K.
Baker
III
Institute,
Rice
Univ
.
20. Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2012. 20
LNG exports from the US are sought after
for strategic and economic reasons.
21. Global shale gas may provide a basis to
substitute for oil in the future.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
India and Pakistan
Australia
Europe (excl. Russia)
South America
Africa
China
North America
Total US
Canada Mexico
South Africa Other Africa
Argentina Brazil
Other So. America Poland
France Other Europe
u Most foreign gas markets are
dominated by long-term
contracts tied to fuel oil.
u European, Asian and Russian
shale gas resources may
remain in place absent:
– Vibrant independent producing
sector
– Technical expertise
– Institutional reform/TPA
– Education.
21
Potential Shale Gas, Tcm
Source: BSA 2011, from US EIA.