Scanning y skimming 2015

G r u p o | 1
Miembros del grupo: ___________________________ _______________________________ ________________________________
Taking a team from ordinary to extraordinary means understanding and embracing the
difference between management and leadership. According to writer and consultant Peter
Drucker, "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things."
Manager and leader are two completely different roles, although we often use the terms
interchangeably. Managers are facilitators of their team members’ success. They ensure
that their people have everything they need to be productive and successful; that they’re
well trained, happy and have minimal roadblocks in their path; that they’re being
groomed for the next level; that they are recognized for great performance and coached
through their challenges.
Conversely, a leader can be anyone on the team who has a particular talent, who is
creatively thinking out of the box and has a great idea, who has experience in a certain
aspect of the business or project that can prove useful to the manager and the team. A
leader leads based on strengths, not titles.
The best managers consistently allow different leaders to emerge and inspire their
teammates (and themselves!) to the next level.
When you’re dealing with ongoing challenges and changes, and you’re in uncharted
territory with no means of knowing what comes next, no one can be expected to have all
the answers or rule the team with an iron fist based solely on the title on their business
card.
I truly believe in Tom Peters’s observation that the best leaders don’t create followers; they
create more leaders. When we share leadership, we’re all a heck of a lot smarter, more
nimble and more capable in the long run, especially when that long run is fraught with
unknown and unforeseen challenges
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________
Tu resumen (español) ________________________________________
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B.- Scanning
Conteste las siguientes preguntas
1.- Explique la siguiente frase: "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the
right things."
2.- ¿En qué se diferencian el rol de gerente y de líder?
3.- ¿Qué opina Tom Peters sobre los líderes?
4.- ¿Quién puede ser un líder?
C.- Glosario
Identifica y traduce las palabras de la especialidad

G r u p o | 2
Here are the six leadership styles Goleman uncovered among the managers he studied, as well as a brief
analysis of the effects of each style on the corporate climate:
The pacesetting leader expects and models excellence and self-direction. If this style were summed
up in one phrase, it would be "Do as I do, now." The pacesetting style works best when the team is
already motivated and skilled. Used extensively, however, this style can overwhelm team members
and squelch innovation.
The authoritative leader mobilizes the team toward a common vision and focuses on end goals,
leaving the means up to each individual. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be
"Come with me." The authoritative style works best when the team needs a new vision because
circumstances have changed.It is not the best fit when the leader is working with a team of experts
who know more than him or her.
The affiliative leader works to create emotional bonds that bring a feeling of bonding and belonging
to the organization. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it would be "People come first." The
affiliative style works best in times of stress. This style should not be used exclusively, because it can
foster mediocre performance and a lack of direction.
The coaching leader develops people for the future. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it
would be "Try this.". It is least effective when teammates are defiant and unwilling to change or
learn, or if the leader lacks proficiency.
The coercive leader demands immediate compliance. If this style were summed up in one phrase, it
would be "Do what I tell you." However, it should be avoided in almost every other case because it
can alienate people and stifle flexibility and inventiveness.
The democratic leader builds consensus through participation. If this style were summed up in one
phrase, it would be "What do you think?" The democratic style is most effective when the leader
needs the team to buy into or have ownership of a decision, plan, or goal, or if he or she is uncertain
and needs fresh ideas from qualified teammates.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Tu resumen (español) ______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Cuáles son los tipos de líderes según Goleman?
2.- ¿En qué consiste el liderazgo autoritario?
3.- ¿Cuándo es más efectivo el líder democrático?
4.- ¿Cuándo no es efectivo el líder afiliativo?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 3
Controlling is very important managerial function. It is concerned with taking measures or
preventive actions to ensure achievement of organizational goal.
Controlling function can be defined as comparison of actual performance with the
planned performance. If there is any difference or deviation then finding the reasons for such
difference and taking corrective measures or action to stop those reasons so that in future there is
match between actual and planned performance. Controlling is not the last function
of management but it is the function which being back the management cycle to planning.
Controlling is not the last function of management but it is a continuous process.
Controlling is very important part in any business as it checks the deviations. And it
also finds out the reasons behind such deviations and takes corrective measures too.
In these deviations the corrective measures should be taken urgently to the key
areas. The key areas are the areas which can affect your whole organizations. Like if
there is Increase in $20 in postal charges and also there is increase in production cost
$5. The production cost is the key area as it can affect the surplus of the whole
organizations so first corrective measure should be taken toward the production
cost. The postal charges can’t be reduced. Also the manager should not waste their
time in taking corrective measure for very small deviations as it wastes our time and
one can ignore such small deviations. That time manager can easily set in
other important tasks of business. Every deviations of controlling should not be taken
to top level managers only key areas deviations which are beyond the specific range
should be send in the knowledge of top level management.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿De qué se ocupa la función de control?
2.- ¿Cuáles son las áreas clave?
3.- ¿Qué puede afectar los costos de producción?
4.- ¿Qué requiere el proceso de control?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 4
The Directing Function
DIRECTING is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the
performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is said to be the heart of
management process. Planning, organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function
does not take place.
Directing initiates action and it is from here actual work starts. Direction is said to be consisting of
human factors. In simple words, it can be described as providing guidance to workers is doing work.
In field of management, direction is said to be all those activities which are designed to encourage
the subordinates to work effectively and efficiently. According to Human, “Directing consists of
process or technique by which instruction can be issued and operations can be carried out as
originally planned” Therefore, Directing is the function of guiding, inspiring, overseeing and
instructing people towards accomplishment of organizational goals.
Direction has got following characteristics:
Pervasive Function - Directing is required at all levels of organization. Every manager provides
guidance and inspiration to his subordinates.
Continuous Activity - Direction is a continuous activity as it continuous throughout the life of
organization.
Human Factor - Directing function is related to subordinates and therefore it is related to human
factor. Since human factor is complex and behavior is unpredictable, direction function becomes
important.
Creative Activity - Direction function helps in converting plans into performance. Without this
function, people become inactive and physical resources are meaningless.
Executive Function - Direction function is carried out by all managers and executives at all levels
throughout the working of an enterprise; a subordinate receives instructions from his superior only.
Delegate Function - Direction is supposed to be a function dealing with human beings. Human
behavior is unpredictable by nature and conditioning the people’s behavior towards the goals of the
enterprise is what the executive does in this function. Therefore, it is termed as having delicacy in it
to tackle human behavior.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Qué es la Dirección?
2.- ¿De a cuerdo a la gerencia, en qué consiste la dirección?
3.- ¿Cuáles son las características de la dirección?
4.- ¿ En qué consiste la función persuasiva?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 5
Extraordinary circumstances call for extraordinary measures. Successful leaders familiarize themselves with
different styles of leadership so when an opportunity or a crisis arises, they know how to respond. Without a
firm grasp of effective leadership techniques, company leaders may fail to recognize chances to improve
productivity, take advantage of a situation, or avert a disaster.
Change
Periods of change present both threats and opportunities. According to management expert John Kotter,
successful leaders implement change in a series of steps. They develop a sense of urgency to motivate
others, bring people together to make changes, create and communicate a vision, remove obstacles, and
implement short-term and long-term adjustments to policies, procedures and services. If immediate changes
can minimize the damage from a natural or manmade disaster, using an autocratic leadership style, at least
temporarily, works reliably.
Innovation
Successful businesses introduce new products and services to capture new markets. Using innovative
methods, they reduce operating costs, improve quality, and increase customer satisfaction. This allows them
to avoid financial problems and takeover bids from competitors. According psychologist Daniel Goleman, a
leader using the pace-setting leadership style sets high performance standards for his subordinates.
Collaboration
During both successful periods and crisis situations, leaders need to get people to work together. In a crisis,
using a command style works when a leader requires immediate compliance to ensure safety. During these
stressful times, using an affiliative style helps team members bond, but nurturing subordinates may foster
mediocre performance in the long run. Using the democratic style, a leader achieves consensus through
team participation.
Motivation
Companies face daily challenges, both short-term and long-term. Effective leaders motivate the workforce to
maintain high productivity levels. Using the coaching style, a leader encourages subordinates to try out new
techniques. This can lead to breakthroughs and success. In difficult times, such as a financial crisis, a leader
may need to use the coercive style to control team members and force them to do work in a different way.
In general, though, this style can alienate and disenfranchise people.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Cuáles son las técnicas de liderazgo?
2.- ¿En qué consiste la innovación?
3.- ¿En qué consiste la motivación?
4.- ¿ Qué tipo de líder se necesita en tiempos de crisis financiera?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 6
Situational leadership is a management style developed by noted management gurus Ken Blanchard
and Paul Hersey. The fundamental precept of situational leadership is that there is no one "best"
style of leadership, and that the most successful leaders are the ones who can adapt their style to a
given situation. Situational leadership consists of four general styles of management.
Coaching
Coaching is a type of situational leadership style that involves a great deal of "hands-on"
involvement in an employee's work process. According to Money-Zine.com, coaching is most
beneficial when the employee displays weaknesses that need improvement. For coaching to be
effective, the employee must acknowledge the weakness and indicate a desire to improve. An
example of coaching is when a sales manager spends time on the road making calls with a struggling
salesperson in an effort to improve her performance.
Directing
The directing leadership style typically involves taking over a challenging situation and applying
specific knowledge and experience to right the ship. For example, if your business is struggling to
establish its brand, a skilled marketing manager can be brought in to develop a marketing strategy to
create brand awareness. A directing-type manager will establish clear goals and objectives for his
work area as well as his staff, although staff members have some latitude as to the process used to
meet the goals.
Delegating
The delegating style places more of the responsibility on the shoulders of the workers as opposed to
the managers. The manager is able to provide guidance, but only when needed or requested by the
employees, and serves in more of a consultant capacity. This style is most effective with an
experienced staff that can work independently. It also allows for maximum creativity in how
employees choose to go about accomplishing a task.
Supporting Style
In the supporting style, the leader plays more of a motivational role. Her main function is to attempt
to instill confidence in the workers so they eventually become more self-sufficient and productive.
This method is often referred to as a "selling" style because the manager attempts to persuade the
employees that they have the ability to perform the job. This style typically involves the assigning of
tasks by the manager while providing support as needed.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Qué es el liderazgo situacional?
2.- ¿En qué consiste el coaching?
3.- ¿Cuándo es eficiente el estilo delegador?
4.- ¿ Qué hace un líder directivo?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 7
Situational leadership is a leadership style that has been developed and studied by Kenneth
Blanchard and Paul Hersey. Situational leadership refers to when the leader or manager of an
organization must adjust his style to fit the development level of the followers he is trying to
influence. With situational leadership, it is up to the leader to change his style, not the follower to
adapt to the leader’s style. In situational leadership, the style may change continually to meet the
needs of others in the organization based on the situation.
Drs. Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard developed the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership
Theory, a trademarked model of leadership for accomplishing any business goal or task. The theory
gives you a choice of several well-defined leadership styles that you can apply at the appropriate
time to any task based on what your followers can do and the details of the task itself.
Leadership Styles
The Hersey-Blanchard model describes four types of leadership styles from which skilled leaders
should choose, depending on the dynamics of the situations they’re expected to lead. The leadership
styles are telling, selling, participating and delegating. The telling style requires basically giving
orders. The selling style requires coaching or convincing followers to accept the wisdom behind the
leader’s decisions. The participating style requires getting followers to contribute ideas and wisdom
to the decision-making. The delegating style requires handing almost all decision-making over to the
followers.
Task Requirements
Accomplishing a task, however big or small, can have several steps. What it takes to accomplish a
particular step or the overall task can change over time. Leaders trained in Situational Leadership
practice switching leadership styles in response to changes in what a task requires. Situational
leaders also adjust their leadership styles based on how followers change as accomplishment of the
task progresses. The more confident, willing and capable your followers become at any point, the
less leadership structure you’ll need to provide for them to help them succeed.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Qué es el liderazgo situacional?
2.- ¿Quiénes son los teóricos sobre el tema?
3.- Explique los estilos de liderazgo
4.- ¿ Cómo se logran las tareas?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 8
Situational leadership calls for managers to consider the situation at hand and adapt their leadership
style to it. Such a style has proven to be effective, as companies that have managers utilizing this
type of leadership tend to be more successful than those that do not, according to a study published
in the July 2001 "Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied." Nevertheless, situational
leadership is not without its negatives. Managers who use this style should be aware of employee
perceptions and recognize its natural limitations.
Confusion
When working with people who are striving to meet your expectations, consistency is crucial. If
situational leadership is applied to a management situation inexpertly, the result can be visible
behavioral inconsistency on the part of the supervisor. Employees may not know what sort of
response to expect from the manager from day to day, potentially creating an environment of fear
and uncertainty. When applying situational leadership techniques, make sure that you are not
altering your personality -- merely your words.
Leadership or Management?
Although termed "situational leadership style," one criticism of this method is that it is in fact a
management technique rather than an actual leadership style. For example, according to
organizational consultant Warren Bennis, "the manager has a short-range view; the leader has a
long-range perspective." It could be argued that when a manager adapts her problem-solving style
to a specific situation, she is using a short-term problem-solving approach. This isn't to say that
situational leadership isn't effective, however, merely that it may simply be misnamed.
Outside Factors
The success of the situational leadership style varies depending on outside factors. Management
professor David Boje at New Mexico State University points out that situational leadership denies
the ability of good leaders to change the situation before they modify their response to it. Boje also
discusses the fact that there is an equal chance that the situation will change in response to
leadership as there is the possibility that the leader will alter the circumstances.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Por qué es efectivo el liderazgo situacional?
2.- ¿Cuáles son los elementos negativos del Liderazgo situacional?
3.- ¿Qué niega este tipo de liderazgo?
4.- ¿ Cuál es la crítica a este estilo?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 9
It's important to effectively define each job description in your company, according to the
U.S. Small Business Administration. By clearly defining each employee's role, you can
attract the best candidates for positions, measure progress and success and spell out the
responsibilities that are expected in each job. While administration and management
positions may overlap and share a number of responsibilities, there are clear differences.
Administration
The role of business administrators is primarily centered on carrying out the tasks and
duties defined by management. Business administrators direct the flow of work that allows
your company to operate effectively, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Managers of administrative offices typically oversee billing and accounting departments,
human resources, contract development and oversight, and records management. They
may direct the flow of communications within and outside the company. Secretarial workers
and administrative assistants provide support services for management as well.
Management
Management encompasses decision-makers who often run the company. The duties of the
management team often involve organizing the operations and overseeing its continuity.
Business management typically looks at the big picture to ensure the company remains
profitable and may adjust administrative duties to reflect market changes, handle an
increase in business or reduce the workforce when income decreases. Management
usually defines company goals and prepares strategic plans for growth. They supervise
department heads and often serve as the face of the company in public
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Frases Clave: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Por qué es importante establecer la diferencia entre estos dos conceptos?
2.- ¿Cuál es el rol del administrador?
3.- ¿Qué implica gerenciar?
4.- ¿ Cuál es la diferencia?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 10
Keydifference:Administration
framestheobjectivesand
policiesofanorganization.
Managementimplements
thesepoliciesandobjectives
Management and administration are at times used interchangeably;
however, there are two different levels of the organization. The
administration is the top level of the organization with the decisive
functions. They are responsible for determining the policies and
objectives of the organization or the firm. Management, on the other
hand is the middle level executive function. They implement the policies and objectives as decided
by the administration.
The administration includes the people who are either owners or
partners of the firm. They usually contribute to the firm’s capital
and earn profits or returns on their investment. The main
administrative function is handling the business aspects of the firm,
such as finance. Other administrative functions usually include
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling and budgeting.
Administration must integrate leadership and vision, to organize
the people and resources, in order to achieve common goals and
objectives for the organization.
Management usually incorporates the employees of the firm who use their skills for the firm in
return for remuneration. Management is responsible for carrying out the strategies of the
administration. Motivation is the key factor of a management. Management must motivate and
handle the employees. It can be said that management is directly under the control of
administration.
.A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________
Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre estos dos conceptos?
2.- ¿De qué se encarga la gerencia?
3.- ¿De qué se encarga la administración?
4.- ¿Cuál nivel elemento (gerencia/ administración), está a cargo del otro?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 11
If you're considering a business degree, start by looking at the difference between business administration
and business management. You've likely noticed that some colleges offer a Bachelor of Business
Administration (BBA) while others offer a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Business Management, sometimes
called a Bachelor of Business Management. Is there a difference? How do you know which one is right for
you?
There is a difference between administration and general management, but it's fairly subtle. A degree in
management focuses more on planning and organizing, whereas a degree in business administration
provides a broad background and then allows the student to focus on a specialized area of business.
Business Administration and Business Management: Course Requirements
Both business management and administration degrees typically include the same core subjects, including
marketing, accounting, economics and finance. These subjects give students a background in how businesses
work, from how products are sourced and manufactured to how they are marketed and sold and finally, to
how the money is managed and used to grow the business.
A student of business management will generally then go on to take additional courses in related areas, with
subjects that may include communications, logistics, decision-making, information systems and human
resources. These courses can prepare a business management student for a job supervising or managing
other people.
Business Degree Specializations
A degree in business management can prepare you for a management role in most types of organizations
and provide a broad foundation to help you understand how businesses operate.
Often, a business adminstration student will choose to specialize in a specific area such as marketing,
accounting or finance. Business administration students can also specialize in other fields such as
entrepreneurship, healthcare management, international business or operations management.
The area of focus that a student chooses is often called a specialization, focus or concentration. This focus
determines which courses the student will take and they types of careers for which they can be prepared.
For example, students who pursue a specialization in marketing would take core courses as noted above
along with other business students. They then would take additional courses focused on marketing, such as
pricing theory, public relations, consumer behavior, demand analysis, advertising and promotion
management, market segments, and more.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________
Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre estos Administración y gerencia de negocios?
2.- ¿Cuáles son los requerimientos de cursos (materias)?
3.- ¿Cuáles son las especializaciones?
4.- ¿Si te quieres enfocar en mercadeo, qué cursos debes tomar?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 12
If you're looking to hire a new manager, it might not be as simple as promoting your best employee.
A team member who is successful doing his job independently might not have the skills needed to
lead others. Taking stock of key managerial skills is the first step to developing a list of attributes
needed by the individual stepping into the role.
Sets Clear Goals and Performance Expectations
A key managerial skill is to be able to set employee goals that will advance the company's vision. This
involves understanding which targets are realistic and achievable by her workforce, as well as what
is required by the company. For example, if the manager's division has required revenue targets, the
manager must be able to set goals related to the process of earning revenue and develop periodic
markers that measure employee progress along the way.
Provides Ongoing and Constructive Feedback
A good manager must be able to provide feedback to employees about the job they're doing, in a
way that encourages them to do better. She must be able to pinpoint areas of weakness and suggest
specific techniques that can help the employee improve. Communication with employees must be a
two-way street; she should be able to hear each employee's perspective as to why his performance
has been less than stellar and take that into account when making suggestions.
Understands and Articulates a Clear Vision
A manager must have a thorough understanding of the vision of the company. In as much as she
gets that vision from her bosses, she must in turn communicate that vision to those under her
leadership. She must ensure team members are working collaboratively toward the vision and keep
all employees on the same page. She should solicit input from employees to encourage their feeling
of empowerment, while encouraging them to keep their eyes on the company's overall goal.
Strategic Thinking and Business Development
Managers should have strong business development skills; they should be able to spot areas where
the company can work more efficiently or develop additional revenue streams. A good manager
should keep an eye on the competition at all times and be aware of her company's place in the
market. As she is committed to encouraging her team, she is committed to providing insights to the
company as to how it can work better and outpace its competitors.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________
Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Qué habilidades debe tener un gerente?
2.- ¿En qué consiste el establecimiento de metas claras y expectativas de desempeño?
3.- ¿Cómo debe ser la comunicación?
4.- ¿En qué consiste el pensamiento estratégico?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 13
What makes a good leader is the use of effective management skills such as spending 50 percent or
more of their time listening carefully.
Great leaders understand that some of the best leadership qualities demand listening to others with
undivided attention.
When CEO Alan Mulally arrived at Ford, he used a technique he had refined at Boeing. He found a
way to instantly change the senior executives on his team from talkers to listeners by changing the
way he evaluated his team’s performance.
So those executives who were smart enough to leave lots of time for Q & A got better grades than
those who lectured. And those managers who encouraged a dialogue with the team came out on
top.
Great leaders with excellent management skills encourage input and change, and the best way to
measure them is based on feedback they get from their best people. People usually give the best
scores to leaders you trust and to leaders who listen.
THE MOST ESSENTIAL LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
Integrity is perhaps the most valued and respected quality of leadership and one of the most
important management skills you need to attain. By saying what you’ll do and then doing what you
say, you will build trust around your team.
Do you stand up and speak out for what you believe?
Do you demonstrate the courage to stay the course when the going gets tough and the outcome
looks uncertain?
What makes a good leader is the ability to stay calm and in control, especially when everyone
around them is wondering whether it’s the right decision or if it was a mistake to commit to a
particular course of action.
When you exude confidence in yourself, in the decision, and in the people around you, you instill the
same feelings and attitudes in others.
Leaders have what is called “courageous patience.” Between the decision and the result, there is
always a period of uncertainty when no one knows if the effort is going to be successful.
To be a successful leader, you must strive to have these essential leadership qualities. If you have
lived with this feeling many times in your career, you’re in good company.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________
Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Cuál es la principal habilidad de un gran líder?
2.- ¿Cuál fue la técnica que Mulally usó con su equipo de ejecutivos?
3.- ¿Cuál es la cualidad más valorada del liderazgo?
4.- Menciona otra cualidad importante en un líder
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 14
The public administration term has a latin origin and comes from the latin „administer” which means
servant, or from another point of view, instrument. The verb „administro” means to lead, direct or lend a
helping hand. The word „administer” almost synonimous with „minister” –which means: servant, care-taker,
helper was formed from the root „minus”-„minor”, which means „less” and the prefix „ad”, which point
direction, „sensul” and highlights the state of inferiority related to „magister”, translated as the one who
orders, the superior, the boss – word that was formed from „magis”, which means more (Matei, 2006).In the
Romanian dictionary, administration refers to the activity of administrating, leading, directing, as well as to
the total of administrative organs in a country or section of an institution encharged with administrating
that institution. The Ilustrative Oxford Dictionary defines administration as business management, public
affairs management, governing. In the Public Administration Dictionary (Fox & Meyer, 1996) is shown that
administration involves performing activities by persons encharged with common objectives. Some authors
believe that administration means public affairs management or the way in which a country functions in
exerting government duties (Maheshwari, 2002).Administration is the most obvious part of governance, it is
the governance itself, it is the executive side, the operational one, the most visible part of governance, and it
is of course, as old as the governanace itself (Pestrit, 2005).Of all the numerous meanings that the term of
administration can have, the accent is predominantly put on what public administration means, having as
purpose to clarify the meaning the later has. Most of the times there is a tendency to confuse the terms,
although at a closer examination, the aspect that differentiates administration and public administration is
the purpose and the method of organizing activities.
Defining public administration is necessary, firstly in order to establish the general boundaries and to express
the main concept of discipline and practices of public administration, secondly in order to help including this
area in a large political, economical and social context, and third to be able to show that by considering the
major definitions of public administration there are three major approaches for this field (Ioan, 2007).
Administration is that it refers to two distinct, but close activities: a professional practice and an academic
area. On one hand, it refers to administrating or management of the aspects related to society, politics and
its subparts that are not private, familial, commercial or individualist, and on the other hand, it refers to the
disciplined study of these aspects (Marini, 2000)
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________
Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Explique los orígenes de la definición de Administrador público?
2.- ¿Cómo define Administración pública el Ilustrative Oxford Dictionary?
3.- ¿Por qué es necesario definir la administración pública?
4.- ¿Qué aspectos diferencian la Administración y la Administración pública?
C.- Glosario

G r u p o | 15
Simply, managerial skills represent a knowledge and ability of the individual on a managerial position to
fulfill some specific managerial activities or tasks. This knowledge and ability can be learned and practiced.
However, they also can be acquired through practical implementation of required activities and tasks.
Therefore, each skill can be developed through learning and practical experience from the individuals.
There are many definitions about skills that talk about talent. Talent is something personal related with an
individual and represents a native gift from the nature about that something inside that talented persons. All
persons cannot be artists. Usually, artists are born with the gift of art, but despite their talent they continue
to develop their talent to improve their art skills.
When we talk about managerial skills, we talk about skills of a manager to maintain high efficiency in the
way how his or her employees complete their everyday working tasks. Because of that, managers will need
skills that will help them to manage people and technology to ensure an effective and efficient realization of
their working tasks.
Three Types of Managerial Skills
Robert Katz identifies three types of skills that are essential for a successful management process:
Technical,
Conceptual and
Human or interpersonal managerial skills.
Technical Skills
As the name of these skills tells us, they give the manager’s knowledge and ability to use different
techniques to achieve what they want to achieve. Technical skills are not related only for machines,
production tools or other equipment, but also they are skills that will be required to increase sales, design
different types of products and services, market the products and services…
Conceptual Skills
Conceptual skills present knowledge or ability of a manager for more abstract thinking. That means he can
easily see the whole through analysis and diagnosis of different states in order to predict the future of the
business or department as a whole.
Human or Interpersonal Managerial Skills
Human or interpersonal managerial skills present a manager’s knowledge and ability to work with people.
One of the most important management tasks is to work with people. Without people, there will not be a
need for existence of management and managers.
A.- Skimming
Identificar:
Palabras clave: ___________________________________________________________________________
Frases Clave:______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B.- Scanning
1.- ¿Qué son las habilidades gerenciales?
2.- ¿ Cuáles son las habilidades gerenciales
3.- ¿Estas habilidades son innatas? Explique
4.- ¿En qué se diferencian las habilidades técnicas de las humanas?
C.- Glosario

Scanning y skimming 2015

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