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Agricultural transformation in VDSA villages in Jharkhand
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Agricultural transformation in VDSA villages in Jharkhand

  1. March2015 Sciencewithahumanface About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Agricultural transformation in VDSA villages in Jharkhand Abhay Kumar1 , RKP Singh2 , KM Singh1 , RC Bharati1 , Shiv Jee1 and BP Bhatt1 1 ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna; 2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India Introduction • In Jharkhand state, only 18% of area is cultivated, while 28% area is under forest and 31% are fallow. • Mono-cropping mainly paddy still prevalent • Less developed irrigation system and poor rainwater management limiting factor • In recent years, pulses, vegetables and maize are getting attention of the farmers. • Use of critical inputs in farming- Seed, fertilizer, irrigation are still at very low level. Therefore, crop productivity is also low in the region. Objective • To examine the changes in cropping pattern in VDSA villages in Bihar state • to examine the trend of input-use in farming and crop yield in the study villages. Data and methodology • Survey Area: Dubaliya, Hesapiri villages of Ranchi district and Dumariya and Durgapur villages of Dumka district of Jharkhand • Survey year: 2010-11 to 2013-14 • Sampling: Panel survey of 40 households from each village, comprising 10 from each category viz.- labour, small, medium and large category. • Total sample size: 160 Results Change in Cropping pattern • Change in cropping pattern visible, but the changes mainly within food grain crops • Paddy and Pulses constituted about 90% of gross cropped area, while wheat is not an important crop • Maize an important multi-purpose crop in Dumka villages • Potato and other green vegetable crops preferred in Ranchi district to cater the demand in city • Low milk-yielding livestock mostly depend on open grazing, as milk consumption not preferred • Area under fodder crop - negligible. Share of different crops in Gross Cropped Area in VDSA villages Ranchi district Paddy Wheat Pulses Maize Mustard Potato Vegetables Fodder & other 2013/14 2010/11 Dumka district 2013/14 2010/11 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 FerƟlizer-Ranchi FerƟlizer-Dumka SRR-Ranchi (%) SRR-Dumka (%) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 FerƟlizer applicaƟon (kg/ha) and eed replacement rate (SRR)s pfor addy crop in VDSA villages 0 50 100 150 200 HL(Mandays/ha) Labour use-Human (HL), Machine (ML) and Bullock (BL) in paddy culƟvaƟon in VDSA villages 0 50 100 150 200 ML/BL(Hours/ha) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 HL- Ranchi HL- Dumka ML- Ranchi BL- Ranchi ML- Dumka BL- Dumka Distribution of rice area across different yield category, % Rice- for consumption and making local alcoholic drink, preferred by local natives Rice-Ranchi district <2 t/ha 2- 3 t/ha 3- 4 t/ha > 4 t/ha 2010/11 2013/14 Rice-Dumka district 2010/11 2013/14 VILLAGE DYNAMICS IN SOUTH ASIA Funding support: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Input-use and crop yield • Fertilizer application in paddy crop significantly higher and growing in Dumka district • Availability of quality hybrid paddy seed better in Ranchi villages- due to vicinity of state capital • Use of human labour still very high in agriculture in both the districts, mainly due to availability of family labour • Use of machine labour still at very low level • Rice yield improved significantly in Ranchi district due to adoption of hybrid seed Conclusions • Huge opportunity to bring more crop area by rainwater management • Pulses- crop of hope for rabi fallow • Hybrid paddy- game-changer for rice growers in Ranchi district • Popularization of horticultural crops and small ruminants can improve rural economy • Low preference for milk and milk products- one of the major constraints in diversifying the income earning opportunities in the region.
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