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Introduction to scada systems & power control centres
1. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Introduction to SCADA systemsIntroduction to SCADA systems
and Power Control Centresand Power Control Centres
2. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
A dAgenda
Definitions
Objectives & main features of SCADA systems
Different generations of SCADA systems
Components of Power Control Centres Components of Power Control Centres
Major requirements of Power Control Centres
Standardisation process
3. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
S i C t l A d D t A i iti (SCADA)Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Set of computerized systems communicating through ap y g g
telecommunication network that allow operators from a
central location to remotely monitor and control plant
iequipment
Allows monitoring and control of geographically dispersedg g g p y p
assets from a central location
Extensively used in electricity power grids but also in gas and Extensively used in electricity power grids but also in gas and
oil industry, water utilities, railway transportation systems,
buildings and factory automationg y
4. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Monitor
Critical operational data
Events
Alarms
…
Control
Generator set points
Switching devices
Device automation
…
Control Centre /
Master station
Power stations and
Substations / Remote
stations
Telecommunication systems
Fiber optic
Power line carrier
Microwave
Radio
Leased line
…
5. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Power control centre
S i t l d d t i iti (SCADA)– Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
– Balance generation and demand
– Monitor flows and observe system limits
– Coordinate maintenance activities
– Emergency response functions
– Advanced Generation / Transmission (EMS) / Distribution (DMS)( ) ( )
applications
Power stations and substations
– Feedback controls (governors, voltage regulators, …)
– Protection (protective relays, circuit breakers, …)
K P i i i Key Priorities
– Safety
– Protect equipment from damageq p g
– Reliability
– Economics
6. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Main features of SCADA systems for power gridy p g
‒ Covers wide geographical area
‒ Predominantly open-loop control
‒ Operators play central role
Event driven‒ Event driven
‒ Designed for secure data and control communication
‒ No loss of data
‒ Operators continuously aware of data quality
7. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Early generation of SCADA systemsy g y
‒ Facilitate central control and monitoring
‒ Hardwired system
‒ Mimic panel with switches and gauges
8. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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First generation of computer base SCADA systemsg p y
‒ Modern SCADA systems came with introduction of computers
‒ Based on stand-alone mainframe computers
‒ Computers and software purpose-built by SCADA vendors
SCADA slow and noisy communication network‒ SCADA slow and noisy communication network
‒ Proprietary protocols but efficient and reliable communication
‒ Remote station equipment with small I/O density.q p y
‒ Single vendor
9. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Local Area Network based SCADA systemsy
‒ Technological advances
Local Area Network (LAN)
Miniaturization of electronic components and devices
Computer to computer communication Computer to computer communication
‒ Mini computers
‒ Distributed processing over LANp g
‒ Redundancy and increased reliability
‒ “Open” systems by using third-party hardware and software
l i l i i l‒ Multiple communication protocols
‒ Sharing of information with other information systems
10. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Wide Area Network based SCADA systemsy
‒ Takes advantage of further advances in computer and
communications technology
‒ Adoption of international standards
Distribution of SCADA functionality across WAN‒ Distribution of SCADA functionality across WAN
– More flexible architecture
– Cost effective Redundancyy
– Greater operational flexibility
‒ Sharing of information with various information systems
11. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Control centre / Master station
‒ Located centrally at the Control Center
‒ Network of computer subsystems with various functions to
support the operation of the SCADA based control centersupport the operation of the SCADA based control center
‒ 3 main functional subsystems:y
• Front end subsystem
i & b k / db b• Main & backup / Hot standby subsystem
• Human Machine Interface (HMI) subsystem
12. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Front end subsystemy
‒ Manages communication with the remote stations
‒ Responsible for the transmission and reception of raw data
to/from the remote stationsto/from the remote stations
‒ Receives data from remote stations, pre-process them and, p p
send to main computer subsystem
i l f i b d‒ Receives control requests from main computer subsystem and
sends to the remote stations
13. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
CENTERS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Main & backup / Hot standby subsystemp y y
‒ Contains main SCADA applications & databases
‒ Database holds information of all points
‒ Processes control commands received from MMI, packages
it and sends to front end subsystemy
‒ Process data received from front end subsystem and sends to
bHMI subsystem
14. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Human Machine Interface (HMI) subsystem( ) y
‒ Allows operators to interface with SCADA system
‒ Processes operator commands and send to main & backup /
hot standby subsystemhot standby subsystem
‒ Receives information from main & backup / hot standbyp y
subsystem and presents it to operators visually on video
display units, display walls and printers
‒ Receives alarms and alerts operators visually and in audible
wayway
15. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Major Power Control Centre requirements Major Power Control Centre requirements
‒ Monitoring of power system real time information
C i l li bl d i li d i f i• Correct, timely, reliable and time-aligned information
• Available to enterprise-wide business operations
• Customized and tailored to each business unit needs
‒ Control operations
• Fast and reliable remote control actions
• Coordinate actions over geographical dispersed and large areas
• Coordinate autonomous staff in decentralized and distributed environment
S t‒ Systems
• Flexible
• Scalable
• Interoperable
• Maintainable
16. EDM NATIONAL & REGIONAL CONTROL
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Data processing system major components of a Power Controlp g y j p
Centre
S t hit t‒ System architecture
‒ Basic software system
‒ SCADA functions
‒ EMS functions
‒ DMS functions
I t f ith t IT t‒ Interfaces with corporate IT systems
‒ Interfaces with systems of external entities
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Standardisation process
International standards (IEC, ISO)
National standards (AFNOR, DIN, ANSI, …)
Industry standards (Formalized practice)Industry standards (Formalized practice)
Industry practice (Informal practice)
Proprietary systems (Vendor specific)