1. The document discusses the concept of human diversity and challenges the idea that diversity can be explained by biological races. It argues that race is a social construct not supported by genetic evidence. 2. All humans share a common ancestry in Africa within the last 200,000 years. While biological traits have diversified slightly over time, this diversity is minor and primarily driven by genetic drift rather than natural selection. 3. Cultural evolution, not biological evolution, has been the main driver of increasing human diversity in the last 50,000 years as modern humans spread across the globe.

1. SC2218: Anthropology and the Human Condition Lecture 3: Human Diversity ( It’s Not in Our Genes ) Eric C. Thompson Semester 1, 2011/2012

11. Race: Essentialist Categories Ethiopian Malayan Mongoloid American Caucasoid Blumenbach’s Classification (1775) “ Scientific” Approach Based on “Coherence” of Traits Originally included Cultural & Biological Traits Nations, Races, Peoples

15. “ Incoherent” Traits (Example of Biological and Cultural Traits) “ African” and “European” men wearing “Asian” batik.

16. Trait 1: Skin Color Trait 2: ABO Blood Group Trait 1 varies North-South Trait 2 varies East-West “ Incoherent” Traits (Example of Biological Traits)

17. Racial Categories? 30 26 4 3 Type B Type A Type O Reflectivity of Skin? ABO Blood Type?

20. Children have to learn how to classify people “correctly”

24. INTERMISSION…

27. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/photogalleries/journey_of_man/ Journey of MAN : Tracing the Y chromosome

29. http://www.mygenetree.com/articles/types-of-dna-tests/mitochondrial-dna.php

30. Race versus Lineage Nobuko Takeshi Dorothy Charles Bret Eric Mayumi Mia Isaac Yoshio Recent advances in genetics allow us to trace “Deep Ancestry” But these Lineages are a very different thing than Race

31. Saito-Thompson Family Tree Nobuko Takeshi Dorothy Charles Bret Eric Mayumi Mia Isaac Yoshio

32. Race versus Lineage ? ? Nobuko Takeshi Dorothy Charles Bret Eric Mayumi Mia Isaac Yoshio Japanese European

33. Race versus Lineage ? ? Nobuko Takeshi Dorothy Charles Bret Eric Mayumi Mia Isaac Yoshio mtDNA Haplogroup D mtDNA Haplogroup H

34. Race versus Lineage X X ? ? X X Nobuko Takeshi Dorothy Charles Bret Eric Mayumi Mia Isaac Yoshio NRY- Haplogroup I 170

35. Eric Charles Thompson son of Dorothy L. Thompson mtDNA Deep Ancestry Lineage Haplogroup H

36. Mia Dorothy Saito Thompson daughter of Mayumi Saito mtDNA Deep Ancestry Lineage Haplogroup D

37. Isaac Asahi Saito Thompson son of Eric Charles Thompson Y-Chromosome Deep Ancestry Lineage

39. For more information, see the National Geographic Genographic Project: https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/index.html Spencer Wells Director of Research

47. Survival of the Fittest… (Natural Selection; Darwin Revisited)

48. Which of these is Best? (Which is “ FITTEST ”? ) A B C D

50. Which of these is Best? (Which is “fittest”? ) A B C D

51. “ Fitness” is a meaningless concept without a Context

52. Context (e.g. environment) determines “fitness”

53. What is “fittest” in one context…

54. … May be “unfit” in another context

55. … May be “unfit” in another context

56. … May be “unfit” in another context