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WHY DO WE   NEED TO SAVE   ENERGY?
Without  Energy  No Life
 
EARTH  is a  finite   system
Nothing  is created,  Nothing  is destroyed Everything  is transformed
World's proven oil reserves are  1200 billion barrels   Source : BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
600 billion barrels to extract from tar sands   in Canada and Venezuela +
 
The world consumption of oil…
… continues to growth Million Barrels of Oil a Day Annual growth Annual Consumption   Rest of the World USA China
With a world oil consumption  growth of 1% per year   …
40 years …  the oil reserves will be   exhausted in less than
But… Remember! The only thing that we have to fear, it is that the sky  might fall on our heads! …  and precisely
In   200 years , we  will have   released  in the  atmosphere , the  carbon   that took nature   600 million   years to trap 1850 1900 1950 2000 CO 2
The sea level has risen 15 to 20 cm over the 20 th  century and is going to rise   another 18 to 59 cm by the year 2100
 
We are living in a world in exponential growth
2005 1000 0 5 000 bef. JC 10 000 bef. JC 5  million 250 million in 1 1  billion  in 1800 3  billion  in 1960 4 billion in 1975 5 billion in 1987 2  billion  in 1930 6.5 billion in 2005 The world population is increasing
The world energy consumption is increasing 1 million tonnes oil equivalent = 11.6 MWh Source : IEA, Mai 2007 90% of fossil energy Rnv Energy Nuclear Natural gas Oil Coal Millions of toe
Energy cost is increasing
How many Earths do we need ?
 
In Chinese, "the  word «  crisis  »  is made up of two letters. One represents  danger  and the  other  opportunity "
In only one day , the sun provides the   Earth with  the same energy  to that   consumed by humanity  in 35 years
" With   Concentrated Solar Power Stations,   one thousandth of the deserts surface   would be sufficient to cover   the world’s need in electricity"   Hans Müller-Steinhagen Head of the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center
 
These are the electric motors that consume   the most energy in the industry 70% Electrolysis  Other uses Lighting Electric motors 9% 4% 17%
The purchase cost of a motor   is nothing in relation to   its cost of use Purchase cost 2.5% Maintenance cost 1.5% Energy cost 96% Global Cost of an electric motor
…  and these are mainly the   frequency inverters  that allow
... to reduce the energy invoice   while adapting the demand to the need
 
A centrifugal pump or   a fan is  characterized by
A flow  proportional  to the speed Q  α  v
Pressure  Proportional   to the  square speed p  α  v²
Power  proportional   to the  cube speed p  α  v² P  α  v 3
/ 2 A centrifugal pump or fan working to its   nominal speed divided by 2,   so, to the half of the maximal flow
/ 8 …  has an energy consumption   divided by 8
30 up to 40% energy savings can be realized for a   centrifugal pump or a fan
With a frequency inverter   the working and service costs decrease
 
As of today, the manufactures consuming   the most efficient electric energy …
…  will be, the most competitive   manufactures   tomorrow
Now,  you know
Philippe Châtel - Lenze Thank You for your attention

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Saving Energy

  • 1. WHY DO WE NEED TO SAVE ENERGY?
  • 2. Without Energy No Life
  • 3.  
  • 4. EARTH is a finite system
  • 5. Nothing is created, Nothing is destroyed Everything is transformed
  • 6. World's proven oil reserves are 1200 billion barrels Source : BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
  • 7. 600 billion barrels to extract from tar sands in Canada and Venezuela +
  • 8.  
  • 10. … continues to growth Million Barrels of Oil a Day Annual growth Annual Consumption Rest of the World USA China
  • 11. With a world oil consumption growth of 1% per year …
  • 12. 40 years … the oil reserves will be exhausted in less than
  • 13. But… Remember! The only thing that we have to fear, it is that the sky might fall on our heads! … and precisely
  • 14. In 200 years , we will have released in the atmosphere , the carbon that took nature 600 million years to trap 1850 1900 1950 2000 CO 2
  • 15. The sea level has risen 15 to 20 cm over the 20 th century and is going to rise another 18 to 59 cm by the year 2100
  • 16.  
  • 17. We are living in a world in exponential growth
  • 18. 2005 1000 0 5 000 bef. JC 10 000 bef. JC 5 million 250 million in 1 1 billion in 1800 3 billion in 1960 4 billion in 1975 5 billion in 1987 2 billion in 1930 6.5 billion in 2005 The world population is increasing
  • 19. The world energy consumption is increasing 1 million tonnes oil equivalent = 11.6 MWh Source : IEA, Mai 2007 90% of fossil energy Rnv Energy Nuclear Natural gas Oil Coal Millions of toe
  • 20. Energy cost is increasing
  • 21. How many Earths do we need ?
  • 22.  
  • 23. In Chinese, "the word «  crisis  » is made up of two letters. One represents danger and the other opportunity "
  • 24. In only one day , the sun provides the Earth with the same energy to that consumed by humanity in 35 years
  • 25. " With Concentrated Solar Power Stations, one thousandth of the deserts surface would be sufficient to cover the world’s need in electricity" Hans Müller-Steinhagen Head of the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center
  • 26.  
  • 27. These are the electric motors that consume the most energy in the industry 70% Electrolysis Other uses Lighting Electric motors 9% 4% 17%
  • 28. The purchase cost of a motor is nothing in relation to its cost of use Purchase cost 2.5% Maintenance cost 1.5% Energy cost 96% Global Cost of an electric motor
  • 29. … and these are mainly the frequency inverters that allow
  • 30. ... to reduce the energy invoice while adapting the demand to the need
  • 31.  
  • 32. A centrifugal pump or a fan is characterized by
  • 33. A flow proportional to the speed Q α v
  • 34. Pressure Proportional to the square speed p α v²
  • 35. Power proportional to the cube speed p α v² P α v 3
  • 36. / 2 A centrifugal pump or fan working to its nominal speed divided by 2, so, to the half of the maximal flow
  • 37. / 8 … has an energy consumption divided by 8
  • 38. 30 up to 40% energy savings can be realized for a centrifugal pump or a fan
  • 39. With a frequency inverter the working and service costs decrease
  • 40.  
  • 41. As of today, the manufactures consuming the most efficient electric energy …
  • 42. … will be, the most competitive manufactures tomorrow
  • 43. Now, you know
  • 44. Philippe Châtel - Lenze Thank You for your attention

Editor's Notes

  1. Ainsi formulée, la chose semble évidente. Au quotidien, elle passe pourtant inaperçue, tant les mesures de référence humaines sont distinctes des échelles terrestres. La différence est même si grande que nous avons toujours puisé sans compter dans des ressources imaginées, sinon infinies, du moins très grandes. Si la part que l’humanité prélève sur l’écosystème terrestre a longtemps été négligeable par rapport aux ressources disponibles, il faut bien reconnaître que, après une bonne cinquantaine d’années de croissance exponentielle, l’activité humaine rivalise désormais avec les forces de la nature. Une façon de quantifier cette activité est de considérer l’énergie qu’elle consomme. Du point de vue du physicien, l’énergie représente la grandeur qui exprime la capacité d’un système à modifier l’état d’autres systèmes avec lesquels il est en interaction. Avec les taux de croissance actuels, le temps de doublement de la consommation mondiale d’énergie est voisin de 50 ans. La crise que l’on annonce, et dont on perçoit déjà les premiers symptômes, n’est que la manifestation d’une croissance exponentielle dans un environnement fini. Si la consommation énergétique de l’humanité devait poursuivre sa croissance actuelle sur le long terme, seul le Soleil serait capable d’y pourvoir. Avec, cependant, une date butoir théorique : celle où la croissance de la consommation imposerait de capter toute la puissance qu’il rayonne. Cette date pourrait ne pas être aussi lointaine que nous l’imaginons : 3 200 ans d’une croissance annuelle de 1 % suffisent à l’atteindre. Le Soleil est, lui aussi, fini.
  2. énergie électrique  énergie mécanique Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier chimiste, philosophe et économiste français énonça la première version de la loi de conservation de la matière et a repris cette célèbre maxime venant à l’origine de Anaxagore de Clazomènes Philosophe grec ayant introduit la notion du « Nous »
  3. C’est au nord de l’Alberta que les principaux gisements de sables bitumineux se trouvent. À l’ouest, dans Peace River, au sud, Cold Lake et au nord, près de la rivière de l’Athabasca, plus précisément au Fort McMurray. Les réserves de pétrole de l’Athabasca représentent plus de 300 milliards de barils. Près de 20 entreprises sont situées en Alberta, dont les deux plus importantes : Syncrude et Suncor . De plus, pour comparer à égalité ce bitume avec des réserves de pétrole conventionnel, il faut déduire l'énergie nécessaire à son extraction et sa transformation. Au Venezuela, la "ceinture" de l'Orénoque, probablement la plus grande accumulation contiguë d'hydrocarbures au monde, contient à peu près le même volume. Aussi dense mais plus liquide que le bitume des gisements canadiens, il est souvent classé comme brut extra-lourd et non comme sables bitumineux. Les réserves existant ailleurs dans le monde sont beaucoup plus petites. Il existe un vaste gisement en Sibérie Orientale, dans la région de l'Olenek, mais pratiquement aucune information n'est disponible à son sujet. Il se situe sur la côte arctique, le climat extrême et l'isolement expliquent que son exploitation ne soit pas envisagée pour le moment. Des réserves de petite taille existent dans au moins une cinquantaine de pays.
  4. Pourquoi est-ce que nous aurons cette augmentation "en continuant comme maintenant" ? Parce que, dans les pays occidentaux : Nous consommons de plus en plus de produits manufacturés dont la fabrication coûte de l'énergie et engendre des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (c'est la fameuse "augmentation de la consommation des ménages", que tout le monde considère généralement comme étant une bonne nouvelle), Nous nous déplaçons plus souvent et plus loin, et considérons cette possibilité comme un droit non négociable, Nous mangeons de plus en plus de viande (enfin cette augmentation semble s'être un peu stabilisée récemment), or la production de viande, étonnamment, requiert une grande consommation d'énergie fossile ; "dans" un kg de boeuf il y a plusieurs kg d'hydrocarbures ! Bref la "croissance économique" (la fameuse croissance, qui est aussi considérée comme une bonne nouvelle) a tendance à nous faire consommer plus d'énergie , même avec la "dématérialisation" de l'économie. Jean-Marc Jancovici http://www.manicore.com/documentation/serre/consommation.html
  5. En 5 ans si la toute la planète vivraient au rythme des américains En 80 ans si toute la planète vivraient au rythme des africains
  6. Selon plusieurs prévisions, 9 milliards en 2050 si aucune guerre ou épidémie mondiale ne s’est produit d’ici là
  7. Hans Müller-Steinhagen, directeur de l'institut de thermodynamique technique du centre aérospatial allemand DLR Le solaire à concentration est une technologie différente du photovoltaïque. Des miroirs concentrent l’énergie solaire vers un tube contenant un fluide qui chauffe. La chaleur obtenue permet de former de la vapeur d’eau qui entraîne une turbine couplée à un alternateur et de l´électricité est ainsi produite. L´énergie électrique peut être transmise sur de longues distances : avec la technologie HVDC (Hight Voltage Direct Current), la perte au niveau des câbles sous-marins n’est que 3% pour 1000km. Cela signifie par exemple qu’une infime partie du Sahara peut produire l’intégralité de l’électricité consommée en Europe et en Afrique du nord. Et 90% de la population mondiale vit à moins de 2700 km des déserts chauds de la planète.