The document provides instructions on using SAS functions for data type conversion, including automatic and explicit character-to-numeric and numeric-to-character conversions. It covers functions for calculating sample statistics, generating random numbers, and manipulating string values, as well as date-related functions. Examples illustrate how to apply these functions in code with explanations of input, output, and SAS log notes.

1. SASTechies [email_address] http://www.sastechies.com

2. Using SAS functions, you can convert data from one data type to another. calculate sample statistics create SAS date values convert ZIP codes to state postal codes round values generate random numbers extract a portion of a character value SAS function: function-name (argument-1< ,argument-n>) ; where argument can be variables mean( x,y,z ) constants mean( 502,612,498 ) expressions mean(37*2,192/5, mean(22,34,56) ) Even if the function does not require arguments, the function name must still be followed by parentheses, for example: function-name (). SAS Techies 2009 11/13/09

3. Automatic Character-to-Numeric Conversion data hrd.newtemp; set hrd.temp; Salary=payrate*hours; run; INPUT ( source,informat ) where source indicates the character variable, constant, or expression to be converted to a numeric value a numeric informat must also be specified, Explicit Character-to-Numeric Conversion data hrd.newtemp; set hrd.temp; Salary=input(payrate,2.)*hours; run; SAS Techies 2009 SAS Log 11/13/09 4 data hrd.newtemp; 5 set hrd.temp; 6 Salary=payrate*hours; 7 run; NOTE: Character values have been converted to numeric values at the places given by: (Line):(Column). 6:11 NOTE: The data set Hrd.Newtemp has 40 observations and 19 variables. NOTE: The data statement used 0.78 seconds.

4. Automatic Numeric-to- Character Conversion PUT ( source,format ) where source indicates the numeric variable, constant, or expression to be converted to a character value a format matching the data type of the source must also be specified Explicit Numeric-to- Character Conversion data hrd.newtemp; set hrd.temp; Assi= put(site,2.) ||'/'||department; run; SAS Techies 2009 SAS Log data hrd.newtemp; set hrd.temp; Assignment=site||'/'||department; run; 11/13/09 4 data hrd.newtemp; 5 set hrd.temp; 6 SiteCode=site||department; 7 run; ---> NOTE: Numeric values have been converted to character values at the places given by: (Line):(Column). 11:13 NOTE: The data set Hrd.Newtemp has 40 observations and 19 variables. NOTE: The data statement used 1.06 seconds.

5. SAS Techies 2009 11/13/09 DATE() Today() Gives the current date Date() Today() 14686 MDY Contructs SAS date from the values passed to it MDY( month,day,year ) 01/01/1960 ->> 0 Functin Description Form Sample Value YEAR Extracts the year value from a SAS date value. YEAR( date ) 2002 MONTH Extracts the month value from a SAS date value. MONTH( date ) 12 DAY Extracts the day value from a SAS date value. DAY( date ) 5

6. SAS Techies 2009 11/13/09 Example LastName=scan(‘How, R’,1,' ,'); Initial=substr('NsHARAD',1,1); substr(x,1,3)=‘NEW'; Where x=‘SKWEST’ NewAddress= trim(‘Jersey ‘) NewAddress= trim(left((‘ Jersey ‘) ) Found=index(‘SAS Analyst,‘SAS ') UPCASE(‘sharad’) LOWCASE(‘ShaRAD’) Function Usage SCAN SCAN( argument,n,delimiters ) SUBSTR SUBSTR( argument,position,n ) TRIM TRIM( argument ) LEFT (argument) INDEX INDEX( source,excerpt ) UPCASE UPCASE( argument ) LOWCASE LOWCASE( argument )