The document discusses different sampling methods used in research. It defines sampling as making inferences about a whole population by examining a part of it. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, which uses random selection, and non-probability sampling, which does not. Some common probability sampling methods described are simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. The document also outlines some non-probability sampling techniques such as convenience sampling, judgement sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling.

3.  Sampling is the process by which inference is made to the whole by
examining a part.
Purpose of sampling :
 To provide various types of statistical information of a qualitative or
quantitative nature about the whole by examining a few selected
units.
 It is cheaper than census method.
 It is economical too.

4.  Probability sampling methods.
 Non probability sampling methods.

5.  Simple random sampling.
 Systematic sampling.
 Stratified sampling.
 Cluster sampling.

6.  It is a sampling technique in which the researcher divides the entire
target population into different subgroups, or strata, and then
randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different
strata.
 This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight
specific subgroups within the population.
Cluster Sampling :
 In cluster sampling the total population is divided into a number of
relatively small sub-divisions or groups which are themselves
clusters and then some of these cluster are randomly selected for
inclusion in the sample.

7.  The purest form of probability sampling.
 Assures each element in the population has an equal chance of being
included in the sample.
Systematic Sampling :
 A method of selecting sample members from a larger population
according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic
interval. Typically, every "nth" member is selected from the total
population for inclusion in the sample population.

8.  Convenience Sampling.
 Judgment Sampling.
 Snowball Sampling.
 Quota Sampling.

9.  Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique
where samples are selected because of their convenient accessibility
and proximity to the researcher.
 It is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subjects are readily available.
Judgement Sampling :
 Judgmental sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where
the researcher selects units to be sampled based on their knowledge
and professional judgment.
 This type of sampling technique is also known as purposive
sampling and authoritative sampling.

10.  Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique
that is used by researchers to identify potential subjects in
studies where subjects are hard to locate.
Quota Sampling :
 Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique wherein the
assembled sample has the same proportions of individuals as the
entire population with respect to known characteristics, traits or
focused phenomenon.
 As quota sampling is not random so sampling method is biased and
lead to large sampling errors.

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