The document discusses critical literacy, emphasizing that it encourages individuals to engage deeply with texts and form meaningful opinions. It also highlights the contributions of Paulo Freire to critical pedagogy, advocating for education that empowers students through dialogue and critical thinking. Furthermore, the text touches on critical race theory, asserting that racism is a normalized aspect of society that requires examination and action to address systemic inequalities.

1. Critical Literacy Essay
Premise for Critical Literacy
Critical Literacy has many different forms, and can be very different depending on which
classroom it is taking place in. The basic premise that I acquired from researching critical literacy
is that it requires the literate consumers of the text to adopt a critical questioning approach (Critical
Literacy, 2015). Critical Literacy is forming an individual opinion on a topic that isn't only
superficial, but also in depth and meaningful. Being critically literate isn't about attaining literacy
for the purpose of reading letters on a page, it is to read the words on the page and become engaged
in a discussion formulating opinions and expressing ideas openly. Becoming critically literate means
that an individual...show more content...
A couple of them are Paulo Freire, Allen Luke,Henry Giroux, and Joe Kincheloe. Many of them
share the same beliefs about this topic, but with a different viewpoint. Paulo Freire was a
twentieth–century Brazilian educator. He was born September 19, 1921 and died May 2, 1997.
Freire was a leading advocate for critical pedagogy, and contributed to the philosophy of education
from a more classical approach such as Plato and modern Marxist. Freire believed in a 'banking
method' which is compared to students. He viewed students as empty bank accounts waiting to be
filled by the teacher. According to Freire, by filling students with this new knowledge it transforms
them into receiving objects (Paulo Freire, Wiki). Paulo Freire believed that Critical thinking was not
a one–way development, not "something done for students or to them" for their own good (Freire,
1989, 34). Freire's pedagogy focused on writing, reading, and things based around the student's life,
and not repetitive lecturing. One of Freire's most stressed phrases, I believe, is "reading the world."
Something that Paulo says is that when reading words, you are actually reading different
perspectives of the
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2. Critical Thinking Reflection Essay
Critical thinking is a significant and essential topic in recent education. The strategy of critical
thinking skills helps identify areas in one's courses as the suitable place to highlight, expand and use
some problems in exams that test students' critical thinking skills.
Critical thinking means accurate thinking in the search of appropriate and dependable knowledge
about the world. Another way to describe it is sensible, insightful, responsible, and skillful thinking
that is focused on deciding what to believe or do. Critical thinking is not being able to process
information well enough to know to stop for red lights or whether you established the right change at
the supermarket.
My academic decisions can sometimes...show more content...
My job now isn't bad, but it takes forever to get there, because I do have a car. I need a job that
closer to home and that would give me more hours. I could gather all the information, weigh the pros
and cons and come to a sound decision. Putting my personal feelings aside and avoid errors in
judgment. Sometimes I need to think without my emotions. It would help me not to use snap
judgments, negative labeling and stereotypes in my thought process. I should also try learning to use
a more creative problem solving, because it helps to approach problem from a different direction
and explores news options. It may also help solve easier problems first and help tackle harder
problems. Should I be a 5th year undergraduate or graduate this year?
I decided last year to change my second major and I was presented with the decision to graduate
on time and not have a second major or stay for an extra year and pursuer my second major. I
briefly talked to my advisor before when I was changing my second major and she told me to look
at everything. She always said that I wasn't too late to change my mind, but the decision was
completely up to me.
Decision: Being a 5th year undergraduate.
ProsCons
I would finish undergrad with two majorsI would have to figure out how to pay for it
I'll be able to stay in the circusI would be in school for 4 more years instead of 3 years
I would get to participate in Dance
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3. Critical Appraisal Essay
The purpose of this report is to conduct a critical appraisal of a published article.
Carnwell (1997) describes a critical appraisal as an unbiased and balanced
scrutiny of the research paper so that both its strengths and weaknesses are
highlighted. The focus of the appraisal with be on "Promoting the health of
people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; patients and their carer's
views" (Caress et al, 2010). The format of the appraisal will be formed around a
set of criteria (see appendix 1).
The journal looks at the views of patients and their carer's experiences with living
the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its causes, how they manage
with the symptoms, its progression and what role...show more content...
Caress et al (2010) have included literature from as far
back as 1968. The literature does offer some epidemiology in relation to cause,
distribution and control of the disease with the population but there has been no
research literature put forward for discussion. There is also one journal included
titles "A descriptive study of meaning of illness in chronic renal disease" it could
be argued that this wasn't really relevant to the research being carried out.
There has also been no mention of family systems theory as this would have
been quite beneficial as it looks at the broader picture and takes into
consideration the impact that the disease has on other family members. This
could have supported the decision for including family members within the study.
Caress et al (2010) successfully obtained ethical approval; they state that

4. "Relevant ethical and institutional/governance was obtained" however there was
no mention of who the professional body was that approved them. Beauchamp
and Childress (2001) identify four fundamental principles in achieving ethical
approval, autonomy, non–maleficence, benefince and justice. Autonomy refers to
the individual's right to freely decide if they wish to participate without fear of
coercion, Greaney et al (2012) advise that it is also important to give potential
participants adequate time to freely decide if they
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5. The Critical Race Theory Essay example
Introduction
We live in a society where race is seen as a vital part of our personalities, the lack of racial identity
is very often an important factor which prevent people from not having their own identity (Omi &
Winant, 1993). Racism is extemely ingrained in our society and it seems ordinary (Delgado &
Stefanic, 2000), however, many people denounce the expression of any racist belief as immoral
(Miles & Brown, 2003) highlighting the complicated nature of racism. Critical Race Theory tries to
shed light on the issue of racism claiming that racism is ingrained in our society both in legal,
cultural, and psychological aspects of social life (Tate, 1997). This essay provides us the opportunity
to explore this theory and its...show more content...
Critical Race Theory (CRT) claims that racism is quite usual in social life and white superiority is
extremely ingrained in educational, legal, and political structures which is often unrecognizable
(Taylor, 2009). According to Delgado and Stefanic (2000):
''CRT begins with an a number of basic insticts. One is that racism is normal, not abberrant, in
American society. Because racism is an ingrained feature of our landscape, it looks ordinary and
natural to persons in the culture. Formal equal opportunity – rules and laws that insist on treating
blacks and whites (for example) alike – can thus remedy only the more extreme and shocking forms
of injustice, the ones that do stand out. It can do little about the business–as–usual forms of racism
that people of color confront every day and that account for much misery, alienation, and despair''
(Delgado & Stefanic, 2000: xvi).
Although, this theory began as a part of law sciences, nowadays, there is a great interest of CRT in
the field of education, helping people to understand some forms of discrimination which face the
non–white people in education (Delgado & Stefanic, 2001). Moreover, embraces a lot of academic
fields such as history, political science, anthropology etc (Delgado & Stefanic, 2001). CRT main
purpose is not only to understand the social structures that promote inequalities but to eliminate
them, it is clear that CRT targets on
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